Topic 1:As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for
teachers in the classroom.
There have been immense advances in technology in most aspects of people’s lives, especially in the
field of education. Nowadays, an increasing number of students rely on computers for research and to
produce a perfect paper for school purposes. Others have decided to leave the original way of learning
and to get knowledge through online schools. These changes in the learning process have brought a
special concern regarding the possible decrease of importance of teachers in the classroom.
Some people believe the role of teachers started to fade because computers have been helping some
students to progress in their studies quicker compared to studies in an original classroom. For
example, in the same classroom, students have different intellectual capacities, thus some would be
tied to a slow advance in their studies because of others’ incapability of understanding. In this way,
pupils could progress in their acquisition of knowledge at their own pace using computers instead of
learning from teachers.
However, the presence of a teacher is essential for students because the human contact influences
them in positive ways. Firstly, students realize that they are not dealing with a machine but with a
human being who deserves attention and respect. They also learn the importance of studying in a
group and respect for other students, which helps them improve their social skills.
Moreover, teachers are required in the learning process because they acknowledge some students’
deficiencies and help them to solve their problems by repeating the same explanation, giving extra
exercises or even suggesting a private tutor. Hence, students can have a better chance of avoiding a
failure in a subject.
In conclusion, the role for teachers in the learning process is still very important and it will continue to
be such in the future because no machine can replace the human interaction and its consequences.
This is a great essay. Seems worthy of Band 8. No improvements are necessary, keep up the good
work!
Topic 2:5 easy ways you can prevent
animal cruelty—
April is Prevent Animal Cruelty Month. It’s a reminder to people to speak out for animals who they think might be
abused or neglected. Here are 5 easy ways you can help prevent animal cruelty.
1.Report animal abuse if you see it. If you witness someone abusing a dog or cat, whether they are physically
abusing the animal or neglecting the animal in some way, report it to local animal control. Neglect may require an

feature is the knowledge is imparted in an entertaining way. This mode of teaching is very much required to get
children close to the subject, and giving them a practical application of the subject, rather than being theoretic.
The speedy information delivery was out of reach for us few years back. Media has helped us to promote and
advertise any information or product, in a very quick way to the masses. The wide population that it covers would be
definitely impossible without the media. Many people call media as a single sided communication, but with the
advancement of the Internet, this view has also been slammed down. There are social websites, where we can share
our views, opinions and ideas, answer to anyone’s query. Internet has made the world look smaller. We can
communicate and be friend to unknown individual miles away from us, just within few minutes. Family can converse
and interact with their children abroad through video conferencing. All these were hardly possible even on our dreams
a couple of decades back.
Imagine the speed at which a news spreads to each and every corner of the country. The charm of the coverage by
the media has boost the spirit of many talented people to achieve heights; in respect to be popular, people are
working an extended mile. Distance is no barrier for communication and information now.
Not only the news, we can find the public polls on different topics on latest news events on the newspaper coverage
on regular basis. The newspapers are the cheapest and richest source of information in reality. It covers right from
politics, city, states, national, international, business, scientific, academic, recruitment property news, to movies,
entertainment and matrimonial news. We get all this in just few rupees on daily basis. Media has also extended its
steps in to talent hunts and receiving the public poll for the same. These could have been possible only with the
advancement in media and technology.
Though we have counted numerous benefits of media, still we cannot overlook its ill-effects. On a careful analysis, we
have submerged into the influence of the media to the extent, that it has received the power to hike an unwanted,
useless matter and completely cover up a burning issue. Just by the way of over-emphasizing, media often create
panic for a rubbish matter, when the actual status is very normal in actual world. Such a potential of spreading wrong
messages to the masses leads to wrong perceptions, and a disbelief starts prevailing on the generalised manner.
The projection of the media portraying to be the opinion of the majority and the public, is often fake and a mere eye-
wash. It promotes the views of the person in power in such a manner, that it seems to be the only possible option left
in front of the society. This authority of brain-washing the masses is indirectly given by the common man only, who
has stopped using his brain beyond the influence of media. The time today has changed to the extent that we lack the
confidence to keep our view point against the opinion given by the media, though our mind, knowledge and
consciousness acknowledge that we are very much correct.

Animal Rights Essay - Model Answer
Some people believe that animals should be treated in the same way humans are and
have similar rights, whereas others think that it is more important to use them as we
desire for food and medical research. This essay will discuss both points of view.
With regard to the exploitation of animals, people believe it is acceptable for several
reasons. Firstly, they think that humans are the most important beings on the planet,
and everything must be done to ensure human survival. If this means experimenting on
animals so that we can fight and find cures for diseases, then this takes priority over
animal suffering. Furthermore, it is believed by some that animals do not feel pain or
loss as humans do, so if we have to kill animals for food or other uses, then this is
morally acceptable.
However, I do not believe these arguments stand up to scrutiny. To begin, it has been
shown on numerous occasions by secret filming in laboratories via animal rights groups
that animals feel as much pain as humans do, and they suffer when they are kept in
cages for long periods. In addition, a substantial amount of animal research is done for
cosmetics, not to find cures for diseases, so this is unnecessary. Finally, it has also been
proven that humans can get all the nutrients and vitamins that they need from green
vegetables and fruit. Therefore, again, having to kill animals for food is not an adequate
argument.
To sum up, although some people argue killing animals for research and food is ethical,
I would argue there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that this is not the case, and,
therefore, steps must be taken to improve the rights of animals.
(Words 290)
Topic 6:As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for
teachers in the classroom.
There is no doubt that education and the learning process has changed since the introduction of
computers: The search for information has become easier and amusing, and connectivity has
expedited the data availability. Though experts systems have made computers more intelligent, they
have not yet become a substitute of the human interaction in the learning process. In my opinion what
can be expected is a change of the teachers’ role, but not their disappearance from the classroom.

one to get connected with their family,friends,society or even with people
who live far away in other countries .
Nowadays,communication has given another name that is called
media,from newspaper,radio to internet, television. All are the
manipulative types of media source which allow us to communicate with
each other.Most successful means of communication through media are
internet and mobiles which influence us more than others.
Generally,Psychologists have the point of view that exorbitance use of
Internet has lots of afflicts on brain and young generation is becoming
addicted to it.Youngsters use them arbitary in skilful way as they feel
superior by chatting and surfing online around the world and they also
urge others to accompanying them ,thus increasing its popularity
instantly.
One of the drawback of media is that these young people feel like lonely
when they don't have their laptops and mobiles on their hand and this
leads to notice unconventional behaviour with negligent towards studies
in them and they are apt to take any action and do anything to meet their
daily requirement.
Although, It seems precisely fair to assume that we cannot eliminate
media's influence overhead and i personally believe that the progress
happened recently is the virtual example of media usage,Though,its
encroaching in ours lives we just cannot defiance it .
Moreover,It is paradoxical thing for our society and we should be aware
about drawbacks of media on us and firmly must know how much it can
get over us as a result we must control it.
Topic 8: Too much attention is paid to and too much money is spent on keeping
pets, while people throughout the world are starving.
Discuss the arguments for and against keeping pets.
To what extent do you agree?
================

program or to postpone it for a later stage in life.
To begin with, being able to understand the value of money, the way the economic system works and
to interpret financial news and its implications is a virtue. Without this virtue, an individual, even a
young one, might suffer to some extent. For an example, a child who doesn’t understand the concept
of money might find it more difficult to except choosing only one present out of more possible ones.
In addition, many adults are lacking capability of financial analysis. Quite often, the reason can be the
lack of sound foundations or insecurity when it comes to financial terms and concepts. Starting from
an early age, building a strong background, can very likely prevent such situation.
However, financial education necessarily involves quantifying and setting prices and value for services
and goods. It can easily turn young people into cynical human beings who lack emotion. Furthermore,
a tendency to self-concentration and egoism might rise when one start measuring everything from a
profit-making perspective.
In conclusion, financial education has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages are more
significant than the disadvantages, making financial education an advisable component of the school
program. The disadvantages should be thought of as a certain price that young people have to pay
due to the characteristics of the world that we live in.
This is a wonderful essay. It covers the task, is correctly structured, the paragraphs are logically
connected, the structure of sentences shows excellent command of the English language. The
vocabulary is fine and both spelling and grammar are very good. See comments underlined in blue for
some minor corrections. Overall, looks like a Band 7.5 – Band 8 essay.
TOPIC 10:How to Protect Endangered Animals
Around the world, habitats are being destroyed at an alarming rate, putting many wildlife
species in danger of extinction. Threatened and endangered wildlife live in throughout the
globe and you're likely to find some in your own backyard. To protect endangered animals,
think both globally and locally.
Find out what animals living near you are listed on the endangered species list. Spend
some time learning about the animals and what their preferred habitat is. Contribute to
nature reserves and other wilderness areas. Habitat preservation is one of the best ways
to help protect endangered animals. You can donate money or volunteer your time helping
the nature reserve preserve habitat. Buy environmentally friendly goods. Choose non-toxic

also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed
countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as
corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries.
In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals,
companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal
with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological
concerns of the world.
This essay is too long, 318 words instead of 250-265. Otherwise (except for some minor
grammatical errors) it is a very nice work. It covers the task, has the right structure, the
paragraphs are coherent and are logically connected by elegantly used linking words, the
structure of sentences is fine and so is your vocabulary. Seems worthy of Band 7.5 or 8.
TOPIC 12: Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is
facing today.
What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments
and individuals take to tackle the issue?
Probably the most worrying threat to our planet at the present time is global warming.
This essay will examine the reasons why global warming is occurring and discuss some
possible solutions.
The predominant factors resulting in the warming of the earth are the emissions of CO2
and deforestation. CO2, which damages the ozone layer, comes from several sources,
but the most problematic are those coming from the burning of fossil fuels from power
plants. This releases thousands of tones of CO2 into the atmosphere every year.
Another cause of these emissions is the burning of gasoline for transportation, which
continues to increase because of our demand for cars and also our increasing worldwide
consumption, resulting in an increasing need to transport goods. Also, forests store
large amounts of carbon, so deforestation is causing larger amounts of CO2 to remain
in the atmosphere.
Nevertheless, there are potential ways to solve these problems, or at least reduce the
effects. Firstly, governments need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and
promote alternatives. Plant-derived plastics, biodiesel, wind power and solar power are

Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their
broken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot
even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8, which is comprised of
leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the
world’s poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those
countries.
In conclusion, leaders of the industrialised countries play an indispensable role in assisting developing
nations in dealing with essential areas such as health, education and trade. Also, their aid is the key to
breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death.
This is a great essay, seems to be on a Band 8 level, there’s nothing to improve here
TOPIC 14: In some countries children have very strict rules of behavior, in other countries they are
allowed to do almost anything they like. To what extent should children have to follow rules?
The extent to which children have to follow rules is in itself a very complex issue, since children across
the world grow up in very different cultures. In India for example, children are expected to be very
submissive to their parents as well as other adults around them. This, however, is not the case with
the Western countries of the world where children follow the motto ‘Thou shalt do what thou wilt’ as
promoted by celebrities and rock stars. I believe that following strict rules has both advantages as well
as serious drawbacks as discussed below.
Firstly, strict rules of behavior create responsible and respectful children who in turn mature into
respectful adults. This forms a stable society which is virtually free from negative trends such as
prostitution and drug abuse. Secondly, if children do not follow strict rules of behavior, they may get
out of hand and become work-shy and indolent. This may then create a burden on the society since
the government has to find ways to cater for these social ills.
However, forcing children to follow strict rules of behavior doesn’t always yield positive results as
discussed above, most of the time it backfires and works against society. For example, teenagers are
more likely to do the opposite of what they’re told to do simply because they want to be independent.
Children should also have rights to exercise their free will and develop their own pattern of behaviors.
Imposing strict rules may simply destroy the individuality of children.
At the end of the day, it is clear that children should be guided by rules, but these rules should not be
imposed on them because as human beings, they need to have room to develop their own traits of

books and newspapers to learn about the habits, cultures and beliefs of people who are not
belong to our race but when we live in a community composed many races, we have the
opportunity to meet and talk with people of various races. We can learn about the customs
and beliefs directly from them. In this way, we have a better understanding about their
ways of life. For examples, in Singapore and Malaysia, which are known as multiracial
countries, Malays, Chinese, Indians and others have lived together for several decades.
They have learnt a lot about the cultures and beliefs of one another more than what we can
learn by reading books and newspapers. They have also absorbed the habits of one another
to their benefits.
Further, living in a multiracial community teaches us how to respect the views and beliefs of
other races. We learn to be tolerant, to understand and appreciate the peculiarity of those
who are not belong to our race. We learn how to live in peace and harmony with foreigners
whose ways of life are different from ours in several respects. We become less suspicious of
the strangers and foreigners.
The relationship that develops among the people from the common understanding in a
multiracial community makes life in such a community is very exciting. Any celebration of
any race becomes a celebration of all of other races. Thus, there is a lot of fun and
excitement in during every celebration. In this way, better understanding is promoted
among the people in the world. Through each of races of the people in a multiracial
community, we come to know about their respective countries. For examples, through
Chineses and Indians in Malaysia or Singapore, we have come to know much about China
and India. As a result, we have a better understanding of the peoples of China and India as
a whole.
It could therefore be said that life in a multiracial community teaches us many useful
lessons about the human relations.
TOPIC 17: EVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Most people realize that our environmental pollution become a bigger problem in the
present time.Despite this, not many of us take action to protect our planet.In this essay ,
I will discuss the causes of this problem and find out the solutions.
First of all, species of animals and plants are in danger of becoming extinct, it is because

terminals and stations,they prefer to use their car which can move almost immediately
and arrive at their destinations whenever they want.
Others have complained of comfort in using a public transport, they feel they can be
free in their personal vehicles than sitting next to a total stranger in a bus or a train.
Firstly, government should decrease the fares of the public transports. For instance, if a
journey of 30 kilometres use to cost $20, government can reduce this fares in form of
promos and discounts. This will draw peoples attentions to the public transports.
Also, Buses and trains should be kept clean and well managed in such a way that will
attract people. For example, my sister came to visit me from another city some times
ago,She boarded a train. I was at the train station to pick her up when i saw her stucked
to the door,I moved closely to have a view of what was happening,i saw that her clothe
was trapped and we had to cut her clothe before we were able to leave the station. She
was so embarrassed and vowed never to take any public transport again. There are so
many cases of neatly dressed people entering buses and coming out with a stain or a
tough marks on their clothes.All these are turn-offs to people.
Special considerations should be given to the aged,children,the disabled and pregnant
women. People in this category should have decrease in their fares. Government
should hire trained personnel to cater for this group of people specially. I watched a
woman on TV last weekend, she was so old and haggard. She could not even walk
straight into the bus,She had to swing her legs before she can maintain her
balance.There was no one to help her and she was left at the station because she
couldn't move fast to join the bus.
Terminals and stations should be situated closer to residence,Shopping Malls and office
for easy access so that people wont have to trek a long distance. Transportation should
be made swift and reliable by constructing alternative roads for public transports alone.
This will assure the people that it is hassle-free and the issues of traffic jam will be
eradicated.
TOPIC 19: Popular events like the Football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are
essential in easing international tension and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way.
Every four years, the whole world stops to watch international sporting events such as the Olympics

Because of media, people can acquire a lot of knowledge and information much easier than past. And
some news such as weather report, traffic information are really helpful and necessary for our daily-life.
Moreover, some victims of tragedy were focused by media, which was a trigger of world wide charity
actions. Form these aspects, media have been contributed greatly to our society.
On the other hand, there might be some problems and risks. Because information comes from media,
which are organized by humans, and this means the possibilities of human errors and misunderstandings.
Furthermore, media caused revolutions among the islamic countries like in Libya or Egypt. In those
actions, the role of media was not so much, but affected many people to unite their opinion against their
governments. (Of course, social network services had important role as well)
Personally, I think it is risky to get information from one medium. I also think it is impossible to live without
influenced by media, that can change their form from paper and TV to the internet. And we always need
more information and news. However, we have to use them appropriately and survive this flood of
information.
TOPIC 21:“Should More Be Done to Protect and
Preserve Endangered Animals?” Paper
Factors such as pollution, habitat loss, predation and poaching have led to many animal species becoming
endangered. Examples of endangered animal species include the Mountain gorilla, Iberian lynx, Chinese giant
salamander, Ethiopian wolf, and the Northern White Rhinoceros. Fox (2006) observes that since the beginning of
human civilisation, Earth evolution has led to thousands of animal species becoming endangered and hundreds
facing possible extinction.
Governments and organizations have accentuated efforts to protect and preserve the endangered species, but more
needs to be done to ensure their survival. Of utmost importance is the need to preserve ecosystems in order
to protect the animals’ natural habitat. Protection against human intervention will boost conservation of natural
ecosystems and ultimately the preservation of the endangered species. Human habits such as deforestation set an
imbalance in the delicate functioning of the natural ecosystems (Fox, 2006). The preservation of endangered animal
species calls for concerted efforts against human exploitation from governments, organizations, and the society at
large.
Another issue of great importance in the preservation of endangered species is the need to enact and implement
legislation that will safeguard and protect wildlife. Currently, there are a number of laws governing the preservation of
endangered species, key among them being the Endangered Species Act. Nazzaro (2010) writes that the law passed

them that they have to get more from somewhere else(and that ”somewhere else” often
ends at an extra class). Some want to take extra classes to revise what they’ve learnt in
class, too. Not only good students, a large number of slow students also attend extra
classes. This can be explained that 1 period’s not always enough for them to understand
what the lesson’s about and the teachers don’t have time to teach them again, so if they
want to keep pace with the others, extra classes ’re the choice.
In a recent survey I’ve read, high school Vietnamese students have the knowledge of 2-year
college English students! That maybe because of the extra classes that we receive more and
wider knowledge. I’ve heard stories of Vietnamese students who study overseas and
become the best students in their class. I myself, believe that that must thanks to the extra
classes they’ve taken.
Taking extra classes or studying by yourself at home, it’s all up to you. I just advise anyone
who’s about to choose the first choice to think carefully about which subject they’re weak at
to take up. And besides, I’m also a Vietnamese student, that means I also take extra
classes myself as well.
TOPIC 23: Some people prefer to live in a house, while others think that there are more advantages living in
an apartment.
Are there more advantages than disadvantages to living in a house rather than in an apartment?
Many people nowadays face a difficult decision when they buy their own home. The question is whether they should
buy a house or an apartment. There would seem to be clear benefits and drawbacks to both options.
Perhaps the major advantage of living in a house is the issue of privacy. Typically, there is more opportunity for peace
and quiet, if you live in a house. This is particularly the case if it is a detached house. Other significant advantages
are that houses are generally more spacious and on the whole have gardens. This is especially important if there is a
family so that the children can have a safe environment to play in. If, however, you live in a tower block, then the
children may have to play outside on the pavement.
There are, of course, negative aspects to living in houses. The greatest of these is that they tend to be more
expensive to purchase and to maintain. Indeed, a large majority of people choose to live in apartments because they
cannot afford the mortgage to buy a house. Another possible problem is that there are fewer houses in cities than the
countryside. So if you like urban life, it may be preferable to live in an apartment. A second reason to avoid living in a
house is that there is a greater sense of community to life in an apartment.

factory.
Another compelling reason for remaining in school until 18 is that school provides moral and social education too.
This is particularly important for people between 16 and 18 who have many temptations and benefit from the
organised framework that school provides. Young people who stay in school until the age of 18 tend to be more
responsible and help build a stronger society.
There are, however, equally strong arguments against making school compulsory until the age of 18. One such
argument is that not everyone is academic and that some people benefit more from vocational training. For instance,
someone who wants to become a car mechanic may find better training and more satisfaction in an apprentice
scheme. Another related argument is that, in today s world, young people are maturing ever more quickly and are ʼ
able to make their own life decisions by the age of 16.
To my mind, everyone should be encouraged to stay in school until 18. However, I believe it would be a mistake to
make this compulsory.
(277 words)
TOPIC 26: The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean
energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Do you agree or disagree? Give
reasons for your answer.
One question that has caused a great deal of controversy over the years is nuclear technology. Although it offers a
number of advantages in world peace and green power, it is also a dangerous technology. In this essay I intend to
show how these benefits outweigh that disadvantage.
The opponents of nuclear power generally base their arguments on the danger it represents to the world. There are
two main dangers: the risk of nuclear warfare and the nuclear disasters. If one thinks about Chernobyl, it is easy to
understand why people are worried about nuclear power, as it can cause major suffering.
There are, however, two good reasons for believing that nuclear technology is generally advantageous. The first of
these is that there has not been a major world conflict since the invention of nuclear weapons. While there have been
wars, they have not been on the same scale as the Second World War. It is possible to say that the world is a safer
place because of nuclear weapons.
The other most significant benefit relates to the environment. Perhaps the greatest danger facing our world today is a
combination of global warming and the greenhouse effect. This danger is caused partly by burning fossil fuels which
leads to our polluted atmosphere. Nuclear power, however, is a much greener alternative which does not have such
negative effects. Furthermore, in the last 50 years there have not been too many nuclear disasters and many experts

example there was a charge only the wealthy could afford to enjoy works of art. The second, and related, argument is
that if they did levy a charge fewer people would go to museums. This would be serious as they are educational
institutions and standards would fall.
In contrast, there is only one major argument on the other side of the debate. This is that both museums and art
galleries need to charge an entrance fee if they are to survive in the modern world. Governments do not have
sufficient funds to subsidise all such institutions and there are other priorities for public money. Therefore these
galleries and museums need to charge their customers not only to survive but to update their exhibitions and make
new purchases. By way of illustration, the Tate Modern in London could not have been founded without revenue from
admissions.
My personal position is that there is no clear answer to this question as there are such strong arguments on both
sides. Perhaps it is possible for some museums and galleries to charge fees and for others not to.
(288 words)
Topic 29: Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing that it
causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary. What is
your opinion?
Perhaps no subject in the moral community is as controversial as animal testing. Animals,
many people believe, meritmore humane treatment. When animal-based experiments have
long been the centre of criticism, I am of the opinion that such experiments are essential to
both the well-being of human beings and that of animals.
There is little doubt, first of all, that most of the animal-based experiments are conducted
for the development of technology and to date, there is little chance of finding
satisfying substitutions for animals. Animals are used mainly because they bear a
close resemblance to humans, either in behaviour or in cell structure. They respond to
external disturbances (such as electrical shock) nearly in the same manner as humans do.
There is much evidence that most of what people know about themselves, including pain,
stress, reproduction and nutrition, is based on findings of animal-based experiments. Animal
testing proves one of the main approaches to predict the risk when drugs or other products
are used on humans.
Another fact to support animal-based experiment is that animals are not the equivalent of
humans, and can be used as resources for human purposes. Animals have no capacity to

The sharp fall in living species is first attributed to people's continued and heavy reliance on
them for their own interests. An age-old tradition is that animals are
raised, bred and fed for human use. For example, laboratory animals, working animals and
sport animals have been used for economic reasons or to fulfil different tasks throughout
much of human history. The meat of rare animals is regarded as a delicacy in some
countries, for example, whale meat in Japan. When it conies to plants, over-logging, over-
grazing and soil erosion are the root causes of the dwindling vegetation.Over-
utilisation of living species has made many animals and plants face extinction risk.
Another reason cited to explain this is that few people take the mass extinction of species
seriously. For example, fur is desired and pursued as a fashionable status symbol in many
countries, even in those countries where people are known for their environmental concern,
such as New Zealand, Canada and Australia. Barely have buyers realised that their purchase
decisions will encourage the fur business to further animal slaughter. Rainforest destruction
is another example. Despite strong opposition to lumber harvesting, this problem continues
simply because people have an ever-growing appetite for land to live on (such as buying
luxury properties in the country) and wood products to consume (such as furniture).
Humans' pursuit of comfort and enjoyment has long been justified and condoned, even
though the pursuit is at the expense of other species on the planet.
From what has been discussed, it is clear that lack of awareness and over-reliance on
natural resources are the main reasons why species are being pushed closer to the brink of
extinction. Humane education represents a long-term commitment and will help raise a
generation that has a real knowledge of environment protection and slays alert to the risk of
animal exploitation and ecological degradation. In addition, it is imperative to carefully
measure and control any activity that is likely to pose a threat on the survival of species.
Decision makers and individual citizens alike should take into consideration the impacts of
their decisions and behaviours on living species. It is important to realise that preservation
of living species is not sentimental, but essential to the well-being of humankind.
1. extinction = death = loss = disappearance = annihilation
2. breed = reproduce
3. feed = give food to = nourish = raise = bring up

slaughter, which has a direct impact on the well-being of animals worldwide.
From the preceding discussion, one can see no reason why livestock or some other animals
cannot be used as food. Switching to an animal free diet is a personal option, but the
question remains whether one can ensure sufficient intake of nutrition necessary for one's
health. When there is little room for argument concerning the use of animals for meat, it is
necessary to impose standards and prevent animal exploitation.
1. butcher = kill for meat = cut for meat
2. nutrient = life-enhancing substance = nutrition
3. bacteria = microbe = microorganism = germ
4. poultry = fowl = livestock
5. economies of scale = cost-effective advantages = advantages obtained from mass
production
6. outbreak = occurrence = outburst
7. insatiable = avid = greedy = voracious = ravenous
8. preceding = previous = earlier = above
Topic 32: Discuss the arguments for and against raising pets.
In those years, animal welfare has become a subject of controversy and it has been argued
that animals should not be regarded as property by human beings or used against their own
best interests. When pet raising has become a way of life in many societies around the
world, it has, on the other hand, raised the question of whether it is a breach of animal
rights. Below are some arguments concerning pet ownership.
Pet animals are known for their loyalty and playful characteristics and believed to have a
positive effect on the health of their owners. The pressures of modern lifestyles are
tremendous. Compared to previous generations, people are more likely to live
independently and away from their families at the present time. Adopting a pet animal as a
companion can give quality to the owner's life, and help reduce stress and blood pressure. It
is also regarded as a solution to the feeling of isolation and loneliness. These two facts are
combined to justify why there are an increasing number of people now depending on pet
animals as companions or even a therapy.
Raising pets benefits pets as well. Providing companionship and giving pleasure to their

The first is that hospitals, clinics and schools are severely understaffed in rural areas,
compared with their overstaffed counterparts in the city. The imbalance of resource and
staff has chronic effects on the well-being of rural people. Lack of education or medication
has made them among the most disadvantaged in a country. Allocating new doctors and
teachers to those areas can at least provide a temporary solution. Besides, it helps address
the issue of distributing the graduates from medical school and normal college, with filling
those vacancies for physicians and teachers in rural communities.
To the doctors or teachers that graduate freshly with a degree only, working in rural areas
enables them to enrich work experience within the shortest possible period of time.
Opportunities are scarce in the city, where numerous candidates are in the race for a single
position. The chance of raising standards through practice is so meagre that it will over
time hamper rural practitioners' career development and will make them uncompetitive in a
skill-based society. Facility shortage to many doctors in the country is an opportunity,
instead of a challenge. They are in a position to rely more on clinical skills than on
sophisticated equipment. For teachers, they teach with few teaching aids. All contribute to
the increment of their skills.
Despite those benefits, the place of work should be chosen by doctors or teachers
themselves and compulsory assortment is not justifiable. It is not ethical to stop the desire
of individuals for a more satisfying quality of life. Needless to say working in rural areas has
many issues to address, working conditions, transport and housing. For this reason, those
graduates who volunteer to take rural employment deserve a better pay as
a recognition of their contribution and also as an incentive.
From what has been discussed, working for a period of time in the country can benefit new
teachers and doctors alike with increasing their work experience and meanwhile, address
the service shortage facing those areas. However, the voluntary sign-up should be
guaranteed, instead of compulsory assignment.
1. assign = appoint = send = allocate
2. vacancy = position = post = job opportunity
3. physician = doctor = general practitioner = surgeon
4. meagre = scanty = slim

live in suburbs, the inflow of new inhabitants woulddamage the community spirit and
make relations between neighbours fragile.
Urban sprawl is, therefore, a trend which has a strong effect on the environment,
communities and government budgeting. When urban decay and citizens' desire for higher
standard of living make this trend irreversible, the emphasis should be placed on planned
and sustainable development.
1. amenity = facility = service
2. disposal = clearance
3. treatment = handling = dealing
4. to name but a few = to mention but a few = and so on = and so forth
5. renewed = new
6. impetus = momentum = thrust = drive = force
7. quality of life = living standard = the level of comfort and wealth
8. real estate = property = housing
9. outskirt = suburb = the periphery of a city
10. in the meantime = meanwhile
11. ubiquity = prevalence = popularity