TUTUONG
YEU
NUOC CUA
HUYNH THUC KHANG
TRONG
THOI
KY THAM
GIA CHINH
QUYEN CACH
MANG
(1945-1947)
ThS.
Tran Thi Hanh
Khoa Triet hoc -
TrUdng
DHKHXH&NV,
DHQGHN
Huynh Thuc Khang (1876-1947) la mot trong nhiing chi
si
yeu
nUdc
tieu
bieu cho cupc dau tranh giai phdng cua nhan dan ta hoi dau
the ky XX,
ciing
vdi cac nha yeu
nUde
noi tieng nhu Phan Bpi
Chau,
Phan Chu Trinh v.v
Huynh Thuc Khang sinh nam 1876 (nam Tu

du
thi hoi,
d6
dau (Hoi
nguyen). thi dinh do Tam Giap,
ddng
tien si. Huynh Thuc Khang cho
rang
quoc gia mat chu quyen, trieu dinh khong con uy tin, ai qudc
khong nhat thiet di lien vdi trung quan nen ong khong ra lam quan.
1905-1908 Huynh Thuc Khang cung Phan Chu Trinh,
Tr^n
Quy
Cap
lanh
dao phong trao Duy tan
d
Quang Nam, to chiic nhieu boat
dpng
CO
tinh cai
each
theo kieu dan
chii
tu san, dat ket qua
nhUng
sau
dd hi thUc dan Phap va phong kien tay sai khung bo' dan ap va trut sU
tra thu
len

dupc b§u
lam Vien
trudng
Vien Nhan dan dai bieu gpi
t^t
la
Vien Dan bieu Trung Ky. Sau dd, ong nhan thay ban chat bii nhin cua
Vien dan bieu nen ong tii
chiic
Vien
trudng.
"Huynh Thuc Khang cong ty" dUpc thanh lap dau nam 1927 do
Huynh Thuc Khang,
Tr§n Dinh
Phien, Dao Duy Anh to
chCfc.
Ngay 10-
8-1927, bao Tieng dan, cd quan ngon
luan
d^u
tien d Trung Ky ra ddi
d Hue, Huynh Thuc Khang
dUdc
c\i
lam chu nhiem kiem chu but. Bao
Tieng dan la
td
bao duy nhat d Trung Ky khong phuc tung cac menh
lenh
cua Chinh phu bao ho de trd thanh cai

"Sudng 6i la
sUdng,
thoat than no ma lam chu nhan ong; vui that
la vui, doi quyen vua ma lam dan
quo'c
mdi.
Nen tang hoa binh gdp them hon da, thuan tog theo trao
lUu
cua
^
Huynh Thuc Khang, Huynh Thuc Khang nien pho va
tha
trd
Ibi
Ky ngoai
hdu CiCdng
De, NXB
Van hoa Thong tin, 2000. tr.42-43.
359
xa hoi
loai
ngUdi;
qudc te vo dai ghe vao mot ten, nao phai nup len
trong man den cua giac
Phap."^
"At Dau trUdc den At Dau nay that khac xa.
TrUdc
la kinh thanh
that thu, la mat nUdc; nay la
each

Minh. Qua vi lanh tu Ho Chi Minh, Huynh Thuc Khang nhin thay mot
dUdng 16'i chinh tri mdi; danh duoi thUc dan phong kien
khdng
dUa vao
Phap hay Nhat ma dUa vao
lUc lUdng
quan chung nhan dan vdi mot
he
thd'ng ly
luan
each
mang sang tao cua thdi dai. Vi the "do'm
Itta
nhiet thanh ai quo'c" cua ong lai dUdc thdi bung chay de bien thanh
hanh dpng
each
mang.
Cuo'i nam 1945, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh dien cho Uy ban Nhan dan
lam thdi Trung bp mdi Huynh Thuc Khang ra Ha Npi. Ngay 24-2-1946
Huynh Thuc Khang ra Ha Npi, cong tac vdi chinh phu mdi, di theo
dUdng 16'i each mang Ho Chi Minh theo
Idi
mdi cua Ho Chi Minh.
La nha yeu
nUde
chan chinh nen dang
liic
quo'c gia hiiu sU Huynh
Thuc Khang khong the khdng gap Ho Chi Minh de trao ddi y kien,
nhat la da dUdc nghe danh tieng Nguyin Ai Quo'c tu:

r^ng
viec mdi Huynh Thuc Khang nhan
chiic Bp trudng Bp Npi vu la y kien chung cua anh em cac dang phai,
la do 6ng d lai trong nudc bieu ro trinh dp tien bp cua dong bao ba ky
va ddng bao ba ky deu tin nhiem, Huynh Thuc Khang
luc
d^u
con
phan van:
"Tinh the kho khan that, mpi ngUdi cong dan deu phai chia vai
ganh vac mot phan trach nhiem. Cu bie't toi da gan trpn mot ddi
lo
toan viec
nUde,
mong Udc dUdc lam dan mot nUdc dpc lap. Nay tudi da
gia,
sdc
da mdi, long muo'n nhan trach nhiem nhU cu noi nhUng lai sd
khong lam
tron."^
NhUng roi Huynh Thuc Khang da nhan
Idi
khi thay c6ng viec
ciia
Chinh phu qua nhieu, nhat la khi Ho Chu tich noi vdi ong thong qua
ngUdi thu ky rang:
"Khi xUa lam quan la hUdng
dinh
chung. Bay gid chung ta lam
viec cho dan cho nUdc, gpi la cong hoc, chu ciing noi cho Cu bie't hien

mac
cam, nhiing ban
che'ciia
ban than de co'ng hien not cupc ddi, tri tue cua
minh cho T6 quo'c, cho sU nghiep chung cua dan tpc, de lam ban vdi
nhiJng
ngUdi cong san "nhiet tam ai
qu6'c".
Khi da cd sU chuyen bien
ve tu tudng, con ngUdi hanh dpng vi dan vi nUdc cua chi
si
yeu
nude
Huynh Thuc Khang lai trdi day quen ca tudi cao
siic
yeu.
1.
TlTTirciNG
GLCGIN
DOC LAP DAN TOC, CHONG NGOAI XAM
Huynh Thuc Khang da gianh ca cupc ddi minh cho sU nghiep dau
tranh doi dpc lap cho dan tpc, dan chu cho nhan dan Viet Nam. Khi
con la cau be, Huynh Hanh da theo cha anh tham gia phong trao Can
VUdng
chd'ng
Phap bao ve dpc lap dan tpc. Ong trd thanh tien
si
Nho
hpc nhUng tii cho'i cho'n quan trUdng tay sai de lanh dao phong trao
Duy tan cho'ng che dp phong kien thUc dan. Vien trudng Vien Dan bieu

ludc
d Sai Gdn, sau
do md rpng danh chiem Nam Bp va nam Trung Bp. De tap trung
lUc
lUdng
chdng thUc dan Phap xam
lUdc
d mien Nam, Dang va Chinh phu
ta da thuc hien chu trUdng hoa hoan, nhan nhudng, day
liii
tiing bUdc
am
muu
chinh tri quan sU
ciia
quan dpi Tudng va tay sai d mien
B4C.
DUa vao
sdc
manh cua
khd'i
dai doan ket toan dan ung ho Chinh phu
va bao ve nen dpc lap tu do, Chinh phu va Ho Chi Minh da dau tranh
hoa hoan, nhan nhUdng vdi
Tudng
ve kinh te va chinh tri, tranh mpi
hanh dpng khieu khich va xung dot. Huynh Thuc Khang ddng gdp tri
tup cua minh vao dudng
Idi
chinh tri, ngoai giao mem deo ciia Chinh

y sau
sic ciia
hai nha yeu nUdc Viet Nam am hieu Han van nhUng ciing tham dam
kinh
sii
nUdc Viet, tiep
nd'i
tu tudng va dudng 16'i ngoai giao cua cha
ong ddi vdi
Bic
phUdng.
TrUdc khi phai doan quan sU Tudng rdi Ha Npi, Chinh
phii
ta c6
chieu dai trpng the. Trong biia dd, Lu Han cd y xin Tien si van chUdng
Huynh Thuc Khang mot bai thd ky niem, Huynh Thiic Khang ddng y,
lay but 16ng, mUc va giay viet ngay. Lu Han than phuc, khen hay va
xin them hai bai niia. Huynh Thuc Khang ne
Idi
Hd Chu Tich "chieu
dai"
hai ong tudng Tau (Lu Han va Tieu Van) mot
hiia
no ne
van
chUdng. Day ciing la mot
each
thiic ngoai giao bang van chUdng cua Hd
Chu tich va Huynh Thiic Khang.
Do'i vdi thUc dan Phap, Huynh Thiic Khang la ngUdi hieu da tam

l^p
tu do cua Hd Chi Minh. Sau khi
nhan chiic
bp trudng, Huynh Thiic Khang da tra
Idi
nha bao Phap
hoi ong:
8
ChUdng Thau, Huynh
Thiic
Khdng,
Nhd slphuyiu nitdc
(1876-1947), Tap
chi
Nghien ciiu Lich
sii,
1984, so 2(215), tr.56-66.
363
"Neu xay ra chien tranh giiia Phap va Viet Nam, ong bp trUdng c6
tin
ring
Viet Nam se thing
khdng?"^.
Huynh Thiic Khang tra
Idi:
"Chic chin
thing. Tii sau cupc Cach
mang thang Tam do Hd Chu tich lanh dao, dan tpc Viet Nam da do'i
khac nhieu so vdi trUdc kia. Neu xay ra mot cupc
chid'n

d^'t
ta
theo quyet dinh cua Ddng minh chien thing. Danh Phap tiic la khai
chien vdi Ddng minh, hien gid chiing ta c6 du
siic
lam viec
£i'y
chUa ?
Anh em yen
tri,
hoi ddng Chinh phu khong ban nUdc! Ndi cho bet le
thi ddng dai
llm,
t6i xin tuyen b6' van tat vdi anh em
ring
do chang
qua la mot nUdc cd
ciia
Hd Chu tich vdi ca Phap va Tudng Gidi Thach.
Hd Chii tich la mot tay cao cd. T6i
chic chin
va
anh'em cii
dinh ninh
rdi day the nao minh ciing thing the'.( ) Ky tam Udc 14 thang Chin
vdi Bp trudng Hai ngoai Phap lai la m6t don chinh tri that cao, dat
Viet Nam len ngang hang vdi nUdc Phap tren trudng qudc
te*'^\
TrUdc khi gap Hd Chi Minh, Huynh Thiic Khang vin
luon

de rdi phai "on boa" vdi Phap, keu gpi chinh phii thUc dan cai
each
cho ngUdi dan Viet Nam dd khd hdn. Trong dieu kien mdi, tU tudng
chinh tri ciia ong da thay ddi, 6ng da chuyen tii tU tudng dan chu dang
d the' bi quan khdng 16'i thoat sang tU tudng dan tpc each mang, kien
quyet chdng ngoai xam, bao ve nen dpc lap, tU do, dan chii cua nUdc
nha den hdi thd
cud'i
cung. Su thay ddi nay la qua trinh phat trien cd
tinh npi tai, tiem tien ciia tU tudng dan tpc trong Huynh Thiic Khang
ket hdp vdi dieu kien khach quan
ciia
lich
si
each mang Viet Nam. Su
phat trien cua tU tudng chinh tri phii hdp vdi lich sii, logic, va quy
luat
van dpng cua tU tudng Huynh Thiic Khang.
2.
Tir TirdNG
DAI
DOAN
KET DAN
TOC,
GI0 VUNG
ON DINH
TINH
HINH
TRONG
NlTdC,

nhiSng
nhiem vu cap bach. Bpn phan dpng chia re npi
bp Chinh phii: 6ng doan ket; chiing pha hoai: 6ng bao ve; giac ngoai
xam: ong keu gpi ddng bao doan ket quanh chinh phu Hd Chi Minh de
khang chien. Khi Huynh Thiic Khang da tin tudng va nam dUdc chinh
nghia thi ong nhiet tinh, tan tuy, hang say, khong he "cd lai hy".
Hoan canh nUdc ta sau Cach mang Thang Tam gap khd khan, cac
dang phai ddi lap de ra viec thanh lap Chinh phu lien hiep, trong dd
cd thanh phan Viet Minh va thanh phan Viet Qu6'c, Viet Cach; vdi hai
bp chinh la Bp Npi vu va Bp Qudc phong phai
cxi
ngUdi trung
l^p
diing
dau. Ve phia Trung Udng Dang cong san, ddng chi Vo Nguyen Giap de
nghi vdi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va ddng chi TrUdng Chinh nen mdi
365
Huynh Thiic Khang lam Bp trudng Bp Npi vu vi danh tieng va tam
long cua nha yeu nUdc. Ve phia cac dang phai, Nguyen Hai Than cung
chinh thiic mdi Huynh Thiic Khang vi
mud'n
th6ng qua Huynh Thiic
Khang chia bdt quyen hanh vdi Viet Minh. Huynh Thiic Khang da tiep
chuyen Nguyin Hai Than, Nguyin TUdng Tam, mot
s6'thanh
vien ciia
Viet Qu6'c, Viet Cach. Sau khi nghe hp neu ro muc dich mdi Huynh
Thiic Khang ra tham gia chinh phu lien hiep, giii
chiic
Bp trUdng Bp

anh em bat hoa, xau xe nhau, thi that la hoa
Idn
cho dan tpc. Ben
trong chung ta phai doan ke't de de
phong"^^.
Khuyen can hp khdng dUdc, 6ng thing
thin
chi
trich
:
"ThUa
quy ngai, t6i ndi ngay, t6i dam che quy ngai dom
gin
ma
khdng thay cai
Idn;
bie't bp phan ma khong bie't toan the. T6i dam
chic
tinh trang nay ma keo dai ra niia thi dan Viet Nam chung ta trd lai
lam no le, ma dang cua quy Ngai cung lai lam dang
lUu
vong"^^.
Tu tudng
cue
bp, chdng Viet minh cua cac dang phai da vap phai
mot nhan
each
Idn,
vap
phai'tu tudng

Idp
ngUdi Dong du tii khi cu sao Nam hi bat,
khdng con nghi tdi viec nUdc niia, ma chi lo an than, chUc lam la bai
cho ngoai bang khi nao hp can tdi. Ong Hai Than cung nhU ong CUdng
De tieu bieu cho
Idp
ngUdi dd" .
TrUdc day, Huynh Thiic Khang da
tCfng
mot
Ian
nhiet tinh vie't
thu tra
Idi
Cudng De, ke ro thUc trang xa hoi Viet Nam, hy vpng vao
dpi quan Quang phuc va sU trd
giiip
ciia quan Nhat trong chinh sach
Dai Ddng A va da that vpng thi nay Huynh Thiic Khang da ngay lap
tijtc
nhan ra ban chat ddn hen, mat nhue khi cua
Idp
ngUdi dd. Tii nhan
thiic tren, Huynh Thiic Khang chii trUdng phai ddng long ddng
siic
vdi
cac thanh vien chan chinh trong Chinh phu va toan the ddng bao tieu
diet bpn phan each mang, ban nUdc hai dan.
Nha Nho, nha Duy tan,
Chi

ttf Vinh
Yen den Yen Bai,
Lao Cai, cai td lai Chinh
phii
Lien hiep khang chien, thanh
tri^
bet bpn
Viet gian phan dpng cd am mUu
lat
dd chinh phu Hd Chi Minh Menh
lenh cua Huynh Thiic Khang trong thdi diem mot mat mot con cua dat
15
Uy ban trung Udng mat
trSn
to quoc Viet Nam, Hoi khoa
hpc
lich
sii,
Chi si yeu
nitdc
Huynh
Thuc Khdng, Ha Noi, 1997, tr.203
367
nUdc "Phai diet chiing nd, bpn nay la bpn phan quo'c" la mot quye't dinh
sang su6't, kip thdi, dap tan am mUu cua thUc dan Phap cau ket vdi
bpn tay sai pha hoai, bao ve
vufng chic
chinh quyen nhan dan, cung c6'
long tin cua nhan dan.
Tudi gia

lam
Hoi trUdng. Day la mot sU thay ddi
Idn
trong nhan thiic va hanh dpng
ciia Huynh Thiic Khang.
Thu keu goi dong bao phu lao khdng chien cua Huynh Thiic
Khang
chiia
dUng long tU bao dan tpc, long yeu que hUdng, dat nUdc
thiet tha va long kinh trpng, than phuc Hd Chii Tich ciia nha chi
si
da
bao phen ne'm trai
cue
khd, cay
ding
nhUng
vIn
khdng khi nao nguoi
nhiet thanh
each
mang. Huynh Thiic Khang keu gpi mpi ngUdi hay dai
doan ket quanh Hd
Chii
tich trong trang mdi cua lich sii dan tpc.
"Rat mong ddng bao quo'c dan ta, khdng
Idn
khdng be, khong tre
kh6ng gia, kh6ng chia giai tang, kh6ng phan dang phai.
ThUdng du, trung thd, khdng c6 mien thap, mien cao; sU sai giao

anh em cac
dang phai, ton giao trUdc khi Huynh Thiic Khang ta the bieu thi ro
rang mot quan diem dau tranh vi dpc
l$p
dan tpc va tU do, dan chii cho
nhan dan vdi long yeu nUdc sau
sic,
tinh cam trong sang hUdng ve
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh. Cho den hdi thd cu6'i cung, ngUdi chi
si
yeu
nUdc
vIn
khong quen ddng bao, kh6ng quen T6
Qu6'c
va dat ca niem
tin vao
siic
manh doan ket dan tpc dUdi sU lanh dao sang suot ciia Hd
Chii tich.
Ong da hdn mot
Ian
ca ngdi Hd Chi Minh vdi tU each la ngUdi ciing
boat dpng trong phong trao yeu nUdc dau the' ky XX, viia la ngUdi dan
ciia mot nUdc dpc lap ca ngdi vi lanh tu cua minh. Ong nhan ra vai trd
lich
sxi
ciia Hd Chi Minh ddi vdi van menh cua dan tpc ta. Huynh Thiic
Khang da ca ngdi, than phuc Hd Chu tich
bing nhufng Idi

369
viec,
la cam gUdm
siing
giet giac, dudi giac. NgUdi anh hung ciia dan
tpc ta ngay nay la Hd Chu tich thi cung mot
liic
keu gpi lam ba viec:
ch6'ng giac ngoai xam, ch6'ng giac ddi, chd'ng giac dot
Nghi
ra dUpc ba
viec do va phat dpng dUdc toan dan thUc hien ba viec dd thanh mot
phong trao s6i ndi ram rp trong toan qu6'c that la gidi! gidi
lam! "!^
Ldi
nhin
nhii
cudi
ciing ciia Huynh Thuc Khang nhu
Idi due
ket ca cupc ddi lam
each
mang ciing nhU niem hy vpng vao
each
mang ciia 6ng.
"Mong anh em hang hai hdn niia, nhat dinh khdng de cho dan
toe
ta bi trong vao ach thUc dan mot
Ian
nufa."

19
Sdd,
tr.206-207.
20
Sdd, tr,147.
21
Sdd, tr,148.
370
dpng theo khuynh hUdng, trao
lUu
tU tudng mdi - tU tudng dan chu tU
san. Tu tudng yeu nUdc theo khuynh hUdng dan chu tU san cua ong
ciing
dUde
xay dUng tren nhan thiic ve vai trd cua nhan dan, tii do ong
va cac nha yeu
nUde
khac ciing chi hUdng dUa ra cac chii trUdng, tien
hanh hang
loat
cac boat dpng
nhim
"khai dan tri, chan dan khi,
h^u
dan sinh", hy vpng dUa
nUde
nha ra khdi canh den tdi. Cac bieu hien
khac nhau ciia tU tudng yeu nUdc cua Huynh Thiic Khang trUdc
each
mang Thang Tam, trUdc khi gap Hd Chi Minh the hien sU bien chuyen

sang
chu nghia dan tpc
each
mang. Ve cd ban Huynh Thiic Khang da thay
ddi quan diem chinh tri. Ong da iing hp chinh phu each mang, da di
theo
each
mang, tin tUdng vao tUdng lai cua chii nghia Mac - Lenin,
nhUng van nhan manh thUc trang hien thdi cua Viet Nam con nhieu
viec can phai lam trUdc de giii gin dpc lap nen
cin
c6 mot chinh sach
npi chinh, ngoai giao kh6n kheo. Su chuyen bien ve tU tudng nay la do
Huynh Thiic Khang yeu nUdc, thUdng dan, chd'ng de quo'c va phong
kien,
thue
sU mu6'n mang hanh
phiic
tU do de'n cho nhan dan nen da
cong tac vdi Hd Chi Minh, da de'n vdi con dudng ciia chu nghia xa bpi.
Trong
liic
la cd cua cac nha chi
si
duy tan tudng chiing phai hudng
xuohg, phai hi ha guc trUdc ddn thii ciia
de
qudc, phong kien thi Huynh
Thiic Khang c6'giii lai cai thuy chung bat khuat ciia cac nha Nho yeu
371