P /IJyfD
*>6
XUAN
HUNG
•— ^
Gi&o
vifen
chuySn
luy§n thi
OH-CD
H6a
Pfian
ddng&
pnifong phapgidk
HOA HOC^
PHAN
V6
coll
D3nh cho hoc
sinh
lop
11
on tap va nang cao
la
nang
lam
bai.
i
THi;
VIEW TINHBINH IHUAN
MXUJTBANldNGHQPliNHPHdHdCHlMMI

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: C6ng ty
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VI|;T
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idNG
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TP.
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TdNG
H0P
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In
Ian
thur
1. So
lUcfng
2.000
cuon,
kho
16x24cm.
T^i:
Cong
ty
TNHH
MTV
in an
MAI
THjNH

27/12/2012.
In
xong
va nop
IIAJ
chieu
qwy I nSm 2013.
A.
T6M
TAT
Lf
THUY€T
I.
SI/DI|NU
*
SI/
di^n
li
1^
qui
trlnh
phan
li
cac chat trong
nifdc
ra ion.
Vf
du :
NaOH
>

phan tur phan li
ra ion (n) va tong so phan tur hoa tan (no).
a=JL
O^a^l
«()
Neu
bieu di^n
diTdi
dang phan trSm : 0% < a ^ 100%
u
a = 0 : chat kh6ng
di$n
li
u
0 < a < 1: cha't
di^n
li
yeu
u
a = 1 : cha't
diOn
li
manh.
II.
AXIT-BAZCJ-MU6'l
1.
Axit
*
Theo thuye't
A-r6-ni-ut:

khi
tan trong nurdc ma phan tur phan li nhieu na'c ra ion
H*
la
cac
axit
nhieu nac.
2. Bazcf:
*
Theo thuye't
A-re-ni-ut:
bazd la chat
khi
tan trong nirdc phan
li
ra anion OH'.
Vidu:
KOH J-K^ + OH"
*
Theo thuyet Bron-stet: bazd la cha't nhan proton.
Vidu:
NH3 +
H20->
NH;+0H-
Nhffng
bazd khi tan trong
nxSdc
mi phSn tur phan li nhieu nS'c ra ion OH" la
cdc
bazd nhieu nSfc.

- D5 XuSn Hang _______
4.
Hidroxit
li^ng tinh
La hidroxit khi tan trong nifdc
vita
c6 the phan li nhiT axit vifa c6 the phan 11
nhuf bazd.
Vi
du :
Zn(OH)2,
A1(0H)3.
III. Si;
DI5N
LI CUA
NLTdC.
pH.
CHAT
CHI TH!
AXIT
-
BAZd
1.
Nvldc
la cha't
di$n
li rat yg'u
H2O
H* + OH"
* Tich so' ion cua nuTdc (kn^o) la h^ng so cl nhi$t do xdc

-lg[Hl
+ Khi pH < 7 : moi triTdng axit
+ Khi pH = 7 : moi trifcfng trung
tinh
+ Khi pH > 7 : moi tru-dng
kiSm
* Thang pH thuTdng
dilng
c6 gid tri ttt" I -> 14.
* Mau ciia hai
cha't
chi thi axit - bazd la quy tim va phenolphetalein.
IV.
PHAN
CfNG
TRAO
DOI ION
TRONG
DUNG
DjCH CAC
CHAT
DIEN
LI
*
PhSn
tfng xay ra trong dung dich cdc
chat
dien li la phan ti'ng giffa cdc ion.
*
Phan

H2O
PhiTdng
trinh
ion thu gon :
H""
+ OH"
>
H2O
K2CO3
+ 2HC1 > 2KC1 +
C02t
+ H2O
PhiTdng
trinh
ion rut gon : 2H* + CO^" > COzt +
H2O.
B.
PHAN
LOAI
VA PHlTdNG PHAP
GIAI
CAC DANG BAI TAP
Dang 1.
- Viet phi/cfng
trinh
di#n li
cac
chdt
-
Tinh

Gidi
a) NaCl
>
Na* +
Cl"
b)
CH3COOH
^
CH3COO"
+ H^
HNO3
> H* + NO3
Mg(0H)2
^ Mg'^ + 20H"
KOH
> K* + OH"
H2S
^ 2H^ + S^"
Na2S04
>2Na^+SO^~
HCIO-> H* + CIO"
Ba(N03)2 > Ba^* +
2N0J
HCN -> H^ + CN"
H2SO4
> 2H^ + SO^-
Bi(0H)3
^ Bi^* + SOH".
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl
>

Ba(N03)2
> Ba^* +
2NO3
0,1
OM
0,1
OM
0,20M
=>[Ba^1
= 0,10M
[NO3] =
0,20M
•
HNO3
> H* + NO3
0,020M 0,020M 0,020M
=>[H1=
[NOJ]
=0,020M
• KOH > K* + OH"
0,0
lOM
0,0
lOM
0,0
lOM
=>[K1 = [OH"] =
0,010M
Phan
dang

Biii
3.
Vic'l
phifdng irinh di^n li
thco
lifng
na'c
ciia ctic axit saii: H2SO4, H3PO4,
H2S.
H2SO3.
H2SCO4.
Giai
•
H2SO4
>
H*
+
HSOi
HSO4
>
H* + SOi'
•
H3PO4
-> H* +
H2FO4
H2PO;
-> + HPO;'
H2S
->
+

mol
dung
djch axit
sunfuric
vdi
the
tich
2
lit.
b)
5,85g
dung
dich natri
clorua
vtJi
the
tich 200nil.
c) Dung dich NaOH 0.25M.
cm
a) Nong
do
mol
dung
djch H2SO4:
2H*
+ SO-V
H2SO4
0,15M
n.3M
0,I5M

cha't
X va Y
khi tan vao nirdc moi
chat
di^n
li
ra hai
loai
ion
vdi
nong
dp mol nhiT sau
:
[Kl
=
O,O50M;[Mg^*]
=
O,20M;
[Cr] =
0,050M; lSOf]=0.20M.
Vie't
cong
Ihtfc
phan
tijr
cua X,
Y
V£k
vie't
phiTdng trinh di^n

-
Tinh
d$ di^n
H
a.
h^ng
s6 di^n
li
-
Tinh
(H*),
(OHl.
pH cua
dung
djch
BAI TAP MAU
Bai
1.
Tinh
nong
dp
H\, pH ciia
dung
dich HCl 0.1
OM
va
dung
dich
NaOF
COIOM.

-lglH*]
=
-lgl0-'^=12.
jPijilff
4$fi9
¥^ phuong pWp
9i5i
Hda hoc 11 VP CO - B5
Xuan
Hung
Uhi
I.
Dung dich axit
axetic
nong do
0,25M
co
pH
= 2.
g) TInh do dien li
cua
axit
axetic
trong dung dich tren.
Neu
hoa tan thtm 0,01
mol HCl
vao 1
lit dung dich tren thi
do

0,01M
V|y troog
1
lit dung dich
c6 0,01
mol
CH3COOH
phan li
ra
ion.
Bo
di^n li
cua
CH3COOH
la: a = —x 100% = 4%.
0,25
b) Khi them
0,01
mol HCl
vao 1
lit dung dich tren thi nong
do
H"" tang len,
do
d6
cSn
bhng dien li chuydn dich
sang
trai,
do do do diSn

1,0.10"^
pH
=
-lg[Hl
=
-lgI0-'
= 2
Moi
irirftng
cija
dung djch nay lii axil. Quy tim doi
sang
milu
do.
Bai
4.
Tinh pH cOa
cac
dung dich
sau :
a) Dung djch KOH
0,003M.
b) Dung djch H2SO4
0,02M.
c) Dung dich
Ca(0H)2
0,004M
(a = 0,8).
d) Dung djch
CH3COOH

=
-lg[Hl
= 1,4.
KHAWTfi
Vim
c)
Ca(OH)2
> Ca'^ + 20H-
0,004M 0,008M
hay [OH-]
=
0,008M
N6ng do OH"
cua
dung dich: [OH']
= 0,008.a = 0,008.0,8 =
0,0064M
=>
[Hi
=
^'"'^^
=
l,5625.10-'2
=:>
pH
=
-lg[Hl
=
11,81.
6,4.10 ^

H""
va
OH"
trong dung dich. Hay cho bid't mau
cua
phenolphetalein trong dung djch nay.
Gidi
lQ-14
pH
= 9,0
[Hi
=
lO ^"
=
lO-^'M
=>[0H1
= =
lO'^M
VI
pH
= 9,0 nen
dung dich
c6
moi tru'dng kiem
=>
phenolphetalein doi
sang
m^u hong.
Bai
6.

C6H5-
la goc hut
electron
nen lam
giam
mat do
electron
tren nguyen
tijf
N, do do
c6
tinh
bazcJ
yeu hdn phan
tiif
NH3.
•
(NH3)>^b (CfiHs-NHa)-
b)
Phan
tfng
: NH3 + H2O
NH^
+
OH"
1
mol
0 0
(l-x)mol xmol
x

2.3.10-'^
[OH"]
4,3.10"^
pH
=
-lg[Hl
=
-lg(2,3.10-'')=
11,64.
Bai
7.
Tinh
nong
dp
mol ciSa
cdc
ion H*
va
OH' trong dung djch
NaN02
1,0M.
Biet
n^ng h^ng
so
phan
li
bazd cda NOj
la
Kh
=

1-x
Giai
ra ta
c6:
x =
5.10''^
hay
[OH']
=
5.10-''M
[H*]=
-l^i
= -^^^ =
0,2.10-''(M).
10-'^
_
10-"*
[OH-]
5.10"^
Bui
8.
Cho
dung djch
X
chua
hon hpp gom CH3COOH 0,1M
va
CHjCOONa
0,lM. Biet
a

CH3COO
+
Bandau:
0,1 0,1 0
Phan
li:
X x x
Can
bang:
0,1-x
x + 0,1
x
=:»Kc='^'^'^"^"'^^=:
1,75.10-^
(Dieuki|n:0<x<0,l)
0,1-x
=>
X ,=
1,75.10'(nh^n);X2
=
-0,1
(lo^i)
=>
pH =
-
Ig [H=
-
log
(1,75.10') = 4,76
Bai

V,
la the
lich
dung djch HCl ban dau
c6
pH
= 3.
.
pH
= 3
IH*]
=
lO'^M
mh
[H^]
= -Jl
=>
n^^ ^ =
lO-^V,
(mol)
Goi
V2 la the
lich
dung djch HCl
sau
khi
pha
loang
c6
pH

=
^
= 10
=:>V2=10V,
V$y
pha
loang dung djch HCl 10 Ian nghla
la
phai pha loang 1
the
tich
dung
djch
HCl vdi
9
the
lich
niTdc
nguycn cha't.
Bai
10. Dung djch
X
gom
CH3COOH
IM
(Ka
=
1,75.lO')
va
HCl

1-x x
x +10"^
Taco:
iLi^tlE!!
=
1,75.10-^ (*)
1-x
VI
X
< <
1 =>
1
-
X => 1, do do ttr (*) => x^ +10-\-5
X,
=-4,71.10-'(loai)
X2
=
3.71.10' (nhan)
=>
pH
=
-IglH*]
=
-lg(3.71.10-'
+
10-')
= 2,33
Bai
11.

ph&p
giii
H6a hoc 11 VP co - D5
XuSn
Hung
Gidi
Ta c6: n =
5.10'Wl;
HHCI
= 0,01 mol => 2 n + = 0,02 mol
H2SO^
H
"Ba(OH)2
= 0.01 mol;
HNaOH
= 0,02 mol I n^^. = 0,04 mol
Phan ung trung h6a: H* + OH" -*
H2O
0,02 0,02
n . d„ = 0,04 - 0,02 = 0,02 mol
OH
=> [OH] = 0,02 : 0,2 = 0,1M => pOH = 1 ^ pH = 13
Bai 12. Trpn Ian V ml dung djch NaOH 0,01M vdi V ml dung dich HCl 0,03M
difcJc 2V ml dung dich Y. Dung dich Y co pH la:
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Ccio ddn^ khoi A, B)
Gidi
Ta CO :
nNaOH
= 0,0l.V mol

= 200 - 100 = 100 ml
fiNaOH =
0,1a mol
n . = 0,1a mol
OH
Phifdng irinh phdn tfng:
H* + OH" -> H2O
0,01 0,01
Dung djch sau phan tfng co pH = 12 (moi triTdng bazcJ)
=>
sau phan \ing tren
OH' dir, H* het.
I
•
Theo phiTdng irlnh phan tfog: n
phaming
= n . 0,01 mol
OH H
=> n
_j^
= (0,1a-0,01) mol
OH
Mat kh^c, ta co: pH = 12 => pOH = 2
0,1a-0,01
0,2
= 0,01 a = 0,12
=> [OUT ] = 10-^ = O.OIM
Dap an D.
Bai 14. Tron 250ml dung djch hon hdp HCl 0,08M va H2SO4 0,1M vdi 250ml
dung

Ta co: 0,5a - 0,07 = 0,005 ^ a = 0,15
Ba^* + S04^- BaS04 i
0,025 0,025
mi = 0,025.233 =
5,825
(g) Dap an B.
m
BAITAPAPDyNG
Mi 1. Tinh nong dp mol cua ion H* trong dung dich
HNO2
0,10M bie't ring
hlng so phan li axit cua
HNO2
la Ka = 4,0.10-^
Gidi
I
PhiTdng trinh di^n li:
HNO2
^ H^ + NO2
Bandau: 0,1 OM 0 0
Canbkng: (0,1-x) x x
13
Phan
djinfl
vi phuang pMp
giii
H6a hqc 11 VP cO - Dg Xuin
Hung
[HNO2]
(0,1-X) 0,1-X

nong
do mol cua ion
OH".
Giai
a)
CH3COOH
CH,COO-
+ H*
Bandau: 0,1M 0 0
Canb^ng: 0.1-x x x
^
_ [CH3COO-].[H-] X.X _ x^ 5
[CH3COOH]
0,1-X 0,1-X ' •
Vi
CH3COOH
la
mOt
axit
yeu nen
X
« 0,1
nen — =
1,75.10"^
0.1
Giai
ratac6x=
1,32.10-^M
hay [H*] =
1,32.10'^M.

nong
do mol cua ion H*
trong
dung
dich A.
b) Phai th6m v^o 1 lit
dung
dich A tren bao nhieu lit
dung
dich NaOH 1,8M de
thu dU'dc:
-
Dung djch c6 pH = 1;
-
Dung dich c6 pH = 13.
14
Giai
a) Khoi liTdng chat tan H2SO4 :
C%.m,,d 98%. 100 , 98 , . ,.
'"^••=
-^
=
-lB5^
=
''^^^'"^=^
"" ^
=^-Un.ol)
H2SO4 > 2H* + SO^
1 mol 2 mol
=>[H1=

ra ta
CO
V = 1 (lit).
•
pH= 13 =>
dung
dich c6 tinh
bazd
=> [H*] =
lO-'^M
=> [0H-] =
10-'M
= 0,1M
H2SO4 + 2NaOH >
Na2S04
+ 2H2O
I
mol 2 mol
=>nNaOHdif=(1.8V-2)moI
NaOH
> Na* + OH"
(l,8V-2)mol (1,8V-2) mol
1 8V-2
=> [0H-] = ' = 0.1 V =
1.2353
(lit).
1
+V
Bai 4.
Tinh

phuang
phap
glSi
H6a
hge
11 VP co- D5
Xuan
Hi/ng
nBa(OH)2
=
0,025.V
(mol)
Ba(OH)2
>
Ba^*+
lOW
0,025V 0,025V
(mol)
Phifdng
trlnh
phin
tfng
:
H*
+
OH"
—»
H^O
0,05V 0,05V
Dung

V
=
0,15
(lit).
Bai
5.
a) Tinh pH cua dung dich chtfa
l,46g
HCl trong 400ml.
b) Tinh pH cua dung djch tao thanh sau khi tron
100ml
dung dich HCl 1,00M
vdi
400ml
dung dich NaOH
0,375M.
Gidi
1
46
a)
nHci=
—- =
0,04 (mol)
36,5
HCl
—>
H*
+ cr
0,04
0,04 (mol)

—>
H^
+ cr
0,1 mol 0,1 mol
Vdj
sau phan i?ng
=
0,4
+
0,1
=
0,5
(lit).
PhiTcJng
trmh
phan tfng
:
H^
+
OH"
—-»
H2O
0,1 mol 0,1 mol
n^
.
=0,15-0,1
=
0,05(mol)
"OH
dU

->
CH^COO"
+
H*
(1)
Bandau:
2 0 0 (M)
Can bang:
2-x x x (M)
K.=
[CH3C00-j.[H"]^
x.x ^ ^2
10-5
[CH3COOH]
2-x
2-x
Vi
la axit yeu nen
x « 2.
2
=^^
=
2.10-5
2
X
=
6,324.10"
=> [Hi
=
6,324.10'^

duftJc
thanh lap.
CH3COOH
->
CH3COO-
+
H*
Bandau:
2 0 0
Canb^ng:
(2-y)
(0,2+ y)
y
Vi
Ih axit yeu ndn y
« 2
=> [CH3COOH]
=
2
-
y
= 2
(M)
[CH3COO-]
=
0,2
+
y
=
0,2 (M)

gi^ni
31,64 Ian.
l.:;aH).7'ViEN TINH BIN.H
THUAN
'
JO
17
PhSn
dgng
va
phuong
phap
giii
H6a hgc 11 Vfl
cO
- B5
XuSn
Hang
Bai
7.
a) Tinh pH ciia
dung
dich
A la
hon
hcJp
gom HF 0,1M
va
NaF
=

11:
HF ->
H^
+ F
Trong
dung
dich
c6
F"
nen
lam cho
can
bang
it bi
chuyen
dich
nen c6 the
coi
[HF]
=
0,1M=>[F]
=
0,1M
k^=mlLlE:i.6,8.10-^M)
[HF]
[H1=^'^-^Q"'-^'^=6.8.10-"(M)
0,1
pH
=
-lg[Hl

=
3,08.
* Khi
them
0,01 mol NaOH vao
ta c6 :
HF + OH"
>
F +
H2O
=:>[F]
=
0,1+0,01
=0,11 (mol)
[HF]=
0,1-0,01
=0,09
(mol)
[H^]
=
6.8.10-*.
= 5,56.10"^(M) pH
=
-lg[Hl
=
3,25.
Mi
8.
Tron
ba

dung
dich
B can
dijng
de sau
khi
tac
dung
vdi 600ml
dung
dich
A thu
difdc
dung
dich
CO
pH
= 3.
Gidi
Vi
the
tich blng
nhau
nen the tich moi
dung
dich axit trtfdc khi trpn Ian
la:
— = 200 ml = 0,2
(lit)
So'mol m6i axit trong 600ml

Goi
the
tich
dung
djch B can
diing
la
V.
HNaOH
= 0,3.V (mol)
nKOH
= 0.l'5.V(mol)
NaOH
> Na* + OH"
0.3V (mol) 0,3V (mol)
KOH
> K* + OH"
0,15V (mol) 0,15V (mol)
=> Z n_.
=
0,3V + 0,15V = 0,45
V
(mol)
OH
Phan
tfng trung
hoa
dung
dich
A va

[HI = ^ =
"'Q^-Q''^^^
=
0.001
V =
0.154 lit
V
0.6 + V
Vay
the
tich
dung
dich B
la
0,154 lit.
Bai
9.
Trpn 200ml
dung
dich
g6m
HCl O.IM
va
H2SO4
0.05M vdi 300ml
dung
dich Ba(0H)2
cd
nong
dp

ph^p
giii
H6a
hpc
11 VP CO - 05
Xuan
Hi/ng
Gidi
Ta CO:
nHci
= 0,1.0.2
=
0,02 (mol); nH2S04 -0,05.0,2 = 0,01 (mol)
HCl
—> H^ + cr
0,02 mol 0,02 mol
H2SO4
> 2H^ + SO4"
0,01 mol 0,02 mol 0,01 mol
=>In + =0,02+ 0,02 = 0,04 (mol)
Vataco nB^(OH)2 =0'3.a(mol)
Ba(0H)2
>
Ba^* + 20H-
0,3a mol 0,3a mol 0,6a mol
Khi trpn dung dich gom HCl
va
H2SO4
vdi
dung dich

dir
o 0,6a
-
0,04 = 0,05
o a
= 0,15 (M)
n„
2+ = 0,3a = 0,3.0,15 = 0.045 (mol)
Bu
Ttr(2)=:>n
2+
= 0.045-0.01 = 0,035(mol) => ng^so. =0.01 mol
=> m =
mB„s04
= 233.0,01 = 2.33 (gam).
B^i 10.
a) Dung dich
CH3COOH
O.IM
c6 dp
di^n
li a =
1%. Vifi't phUdng trinh dien
li
CHiCOOH
va
tinh pH cua dung dich
nhy.
b) A Ih dung djch HCl 0.2M; B
la

+
VB
= 2.V (lit)
OHci
= 0,2.V (mol)
HCl
—> H^ + cr
0,2V
0,2V
nH2S04
=0,l.V(mol)
H2SO4
> 2H* + SO^"
0,1.V
0,2.V
=>In„.
= 0,2V + 0,2V = 0,4V (mol)
H
[Hi
=
0,4V
= 0,2(M)
V
2V
Vay pH = -lg[Hl = -lgO,2 = 0,7.
Bai 11. Trpn dung dich
X
chuTa NaOH 0,1M,
Ba(0H)2
0,2M vdi dung dich

Tac6:pH= 13 =>
[Hi =10
1-13
[0H1
= 10
,-1
0,5VY -0,4VX
VX _ 4
Vx
+ VY
91
Phfln-djino
va
phuong ph^p gSi HdaJipc
11
VP co
-
D5 Xuan
Hifng
Hkil2.
Tron
iOOmI
dung^ljch g6m
Ba(OH)2
O.IM
va
NaOH
0,1M vdi 400 ml
dung dich gom
H2SO4

0,035
mol
Khi
tron Ian hon hdp 2 axit 2 bazd xay ra phan
xing
trung hoa:
H*
+ OH" H2O
0,03 0.03
n^^.
=
0.035
- 0,03 =
0,005
mol
H
•HI
0.005
0,5
=
0,01 = 10-2 =>
pH
= 2 =>
Dap an
A.
Bai
13. Cho m gam hon hdp Mg va Al vio 250ml dung djch X
chiJa
hon help
axit

cho Mg, Al tac dung vdi hon hdp 2 axit
HCl
va
H2SO4,
ta c6 sd do phan
«?ng:
2H*
-> H2
0,475
,
0,2375
=> = 0,5 -
0,475
=
0,025
mol
n
+
-1
0,025
H^
0,25
Dap
an
B.
=
0.1 = 10"' M pH = 1
KifAwrfiinET
Dana
3.

trinh ion,
phiTdng
irinh
ion thu gon
ciia
cdc
phan
uTng
(neu c6) xay ra
trong
dung dich giffa cac cap
cha't
sau :
a)
FeCb
+
NaOH
b)
CUSO4
+ Ba(N03)2
c) K2CO3
+
NaCl
d) NajS +
HCl
e)
NazCOj
+
H2SO4
0

BaS04i +
Cu'^
+
2NO3
Ba^*
+
SO4-
> BaS044'.
c)
KzCOs
+
NaCl
>•
khong xay ra.
d) Na2S +
2HC1 >
2NaCl
+
H2St
2Na* + S^- +
2H*
+ 2Cr > 2Na^ + 2Cr + H.St
S^-
+
2H*
j-HzSt.
e)
NazCOj
+
H2SO4

>
AgCli.
Bai
2. Chi dung mot thuoc
thijr
h\, hay trinh
bay
each
nhan
bicl
ba
dung djch co
cClng
nong
do mol sau :
NaOH,
H3PO4
va
H2SO4.
Gidi
~
Cho dung djch phenolphetalcin tifng
giot
Ian
liTdt
vao ba mau
thi'r.
mau nao
c6
mau

H2SO4
khong hiOn tiTcfng.
Bai 3. Rau qua kho
dU'cJc
bao quan bhng khi SO2 thi/dng chtfa mot liTtJng nho
hdp
cha't
CO
goc SO3". De xac dinh suT c6 mat cua cac ion SO3" trong rau
qua, mot hoc sinh ngam mot it qua dau trong niTdfc. Sau mot thcli gian Ipc lay
dung
dich roi cho tac dung vdi dung djch
H2O2
(cha't
oxi hoa), sau do cho tac
diing
ticp vdi dung djch
BaCl2.
Viet cac phiTcfng
trinh
ion
rilt
gon da xay ra.
Gidi
PhiTdng
trinh
ion rut gon :
SO^ +
H2O2
> SOJ- +

tren vao
nxidc
de
dufcJc
cac dung dich :
* Dung djch muoi an (NaCl)
Cho dung dich AgNOs vao muoi an -> hien ti/cfng AgCli trang.
Ag*
+ Cr > AgCli
* Giam
(CH3COOH)
Cho
CaC03
vao c6 hipn tifdng sui bot khi.
2CH3COOH
+
CaCOj
> (CH3COO)2Ca
+ CO.t + H2O
* Bot nS
(NH4HCO3)
Cho dung djch NaOH vao -> khi, mui khai.
NH;
+ OH- >
NHjt
+
H2O
*
Phen
chua

rial
gon:
2r +
H2O2
> h + 20H
Bai 5. Vict cdc phuTcfng
trinh
phan lit \k ion
riit
gon cua cac phan
iJng
(neu c6)
xay ra trong dung djch
giiJa
cdc cap
chat
sau :
a)
Fe2(S04)3
+ NaOH b)
NH4CI
+ AgN03
c) NaF + HCl d) MgCl2 +
KNO3
e) FeS + HCl i") KOH + HCIO.
Gidi
a)
Fe2(S04)3
+ 6NaOH > 2Fe(OH)3i +
3Na2S04

(2)
CUSO4
+ Ba(N03)2 ^
(3)
Na2S04
+
BaCl2
-> (4)
H2SO4
+
BaS03
->
(5)
(NH4)2S04
+ Ba(0H)2 -> (6)
Fc2(S04)3
+ Ba(N03)2 ^
GiaM
(1) (NH4)2S04+
BaCl2
^
2NH4CI
+
BaS044'
-> pt ion thu gon: Ba^"" + S04^' -»
BaS04i
(2)
CUSO4
+ Ba(N03)2 ^ Cu(N03)2 +
BaS04

+ Ba(OH)2 -> 2NH, +
BaS04i
+
2H20
-> pt ion thu gon:
2NH4*
+
S04^"+
Ba'^+
20H-
^
2NH3
+
BaS04
i +
2H2O
(6)
Fe2(S04)3
+ 3Ba(N03)2 ->
2Fc(N03)3
+
3BaS04
i
pt
ion thu gon: Ba^"" + S04^" ->
BaS04
i
H6a
hQC
11 V6

->
H3O*
+
Al(OH)'^
* Cac ion la bazd : CHjCOO", CO^, S^", CfH^Q- vi chung c6 kha nang nhan
proton
(theo
Bronstet).
CH3C06-
+ H2O
CH3COOH
+ OH"
CO3"
+ H2O
HCO3
+ OH"
S^'
+
H2O
->
HS"
+
OH"
CfiHjO"
+ H2O -> CfiHjOH + OH"
(phenol)
* Cac ion la irung
tinh
: Cr, K"^ vl chung khong cho cung khong nhan proton.
* Ion la imlng

+?
b)
Pb(N03)2
+? > PbCbi +?
d) HPO^" +?
>-H3P04+?
Gidi
a)
CaCl2
+
Na2C03
> CaCOji + 2NaCl
Ca^*+CO|-
^CaCOji
b)
Pb(N03)2
+ 2KC1 >
PbCl2>t
+
2KNO3
Pb^* + 2Cr >PbCl24'
c) BaC03 + 2HNO3 >
Ba(N03)2
+ CO.T + H2O
BaC03 +
2H*
>
Ba^*
+
C02t

Na2S,
CfiHsONa?
Gidi
a)
Theo
dinh
nghTa mdi cua
Bronstet:
Axit
la
cha't
nhi/dng proton (H*),
bazO
Iti
chat
nhan proton.
* Cho quy tim vao dung dich CHsCOONa -> quy tim hoa xanh.
Vi:
CHjCOONa
)•
CHjCOO" + Na*
CH3COO
+
H2OCH3COOH
+ OH"
* Cho quy tim vao dung dich
Ba(N03)2
-> quy tim khong doi mau do khong bi
thfiy
phan.

CfiHsONa.
Bai 10. Chi dung quj' tim hay phan bi?t
niim
lo mat nhan sau: HCl,
H2SO4,
KCl,
NaOH,
BaCl2.
Gidi
~ Laymoilomotitdelammliuthiif.
- Khi cho quj'tim vao
tifng
mSu
thuf:
+ Mau lam quy tim hoa do la HCl va H2SO4.
+ Mixu
Ihm quy tim hoa xanh la NaOH.
+ Hai mau khong Ic^m doi mau quy tim la KCl vii
BaCb.
- Cho mot trong hai mau lam quy tim hoa do vao hin
liTtft
hai dung djch muoi:
+ Dung djch HCl khong tac dung difdc \6i hai mu6'i.
+ Dung dich
H2SO4
tao ket tua triCng vdi
BaClj
con vdi KCl thi khong hien
tircJng.
BaCl2

+ NaNO, f) KNO, + NaCl
g)
Sn(OH)2+
NaOH h) Cu(N03)2 +
H2O.
Gidi
a)
HSO3
+ OH- SO^~ +
H2O
b)
Cu(0H)2
+
2H^
-> Cu^* +
2H2O
c)
HPO4"
+ 2H* ^
H3PO4
d)
Sn(0H)2
+
2H"
-> Sn'^ +
2H2O
e) khong
xiiy
ra 1) khong Xiiy ra
g)

>
PbS04i
+
2NaN03
c) Na.S +
2HC1 > 2NaCl
+ H.St
d)
KOH + HCl > KCl +
H2O
c)
NH4CI
+ NaOH > NaCl +
NH3T
+
H2O
1) CO2
+
2KOH
vKiCOj + HjO.
Bai 3.
a) The nao Ih muo'i trung h6a, muoi
axit?
Cho vi
dii.
Axit
pholphord
H3PO3
la axit
hai

du : KCl, NajCOj,
*
Muo'i
axit la muo'i mh anion goc axit con hidro co kha niing phan li ra ion H*.
Vi
du :
NaHS04,
KH2PO4,
: KHAlgfiVngr
*
Na2HP03
la
muo'i
trung hoa.
b)
NaHC03
> Na* +
HCO3
HCO3
+
H2O > H2CO3
+ OH"
_
H2O
dong vai lr5 axit.
NH4C1—>
NH^ +cr
NH;+H20
>NH3 + H30"
_

uTng
vdi
nhau?
Vi
sao?
Vie't phifdng
trinh
hoa
hoc cua cac phan lirng xay ra du'di dang phan tuf va ion
riit
gon.
Gidi
* Dung dich HCl phan
tfug
difdc vdi dung dich KOH
HCl
+ KOH > KCl +
H2O
H*
+ OH- >
H2O
* Dung djch
BaCb
phan
uTng
diTdc vdi dung dich
Fe2(S04)3
3BaCl2
+
Fe2(S04)3

chlnh
Vien
thon^
TP.HCM)
b)
Trinh b^y phiTdng phdp h6a hoc nhan bi6't suf c6 m&t cua cac ion trong dung
dich
chtfa
h5n h(?p ba mu6'i: FeCb, CuCh,
AICI3.
(DHAit
ninit)
29
PhSn
djng
va
phuonq
phap
giai
H6a hpc 11 VP
cO
- D8
Xuan
Hung
Gidi
a) Nhung giS'y quy tim v^o Ian liTcft cac muo'i:
* NH4CI Ihm cho quy tim h6a hong.
Vi dung djch NH4CI c6 moi triTdng axit, pH < 7.
NH4C1
—> NH^ + cr

sue khi
CO2
dir vao dung djch con lai, ta tha'y xua't hien ke't tua keo trfng
A1(0H)3
chu-ng to c6 ion AI^^
FeCb +
3NH3
+ 3H2O >
Fe(OH)34'
+ 3NH4CI
(nau do)
AICI3
+
3NH3
+ 3H2O
>
Al(OH)34'+ 3NH4CI
(keo tr^ng)
CUCI2
+
2NH3
+ 2H2O >
Cu(0H)2>l'
+ 2NH4CI
Cu(0H)2
+
4NH3
>
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
(dung dich xanh tham)

—^ Na* + NO2 .
NO2 + H2O -> HNO2 + OH""
Do do
NO2
la mot bazd p pH > 7.
b) . C2H5NH2 + H2O . CzHjNH^ + OH- •
bazd axit
.
CH3COO-
+ H2O ^
CH3COOH
+ OH-
bazd axit .
• C6H5OH+ H2O -> C6H5O- + H3O*
axit bazcf
•
CH3O-
+ H2O ->
CH3OH
+ OH-
bazd axit.
Bai 7. Vie't phiTdng trinh phan
tijT
va phiTdng trinh ion rut gon cua cac phan
vCng
sau :
a) FeS +?
>
FeClz +? b) HNO3 +? >
CH3COOH

+ OH"
>
BaC03i + H2O
d) AlBrj + 3NaOH
>
Al(OH)34' + 3NaBr
Al'*
+ 30H-
>
Al(0H)3i
e) K3PO4 + 3AgN03
>
Ag3P04^ + 3KNO3
3Ag* + P0|-
>
Ag3P04i
f) Ca(OH)2 + 2NaHC03
>
Na2C03 + CaC03^ + 2H2O
Ca'* + 20H- + 2HCO3 > COJ- + CaC034< + 2H2O.
Phan d?ng
va
phtfOng phap
g\i\a hQC
11
V6
cd-
D5
Xuan
Hang

AICI3
v^o
dung djch
A.
Viet
cac
phuTcfng
trinh
phan uTng
xdy ra
(dang ion thu
gon)?
Giai
thich?
(TS
DH Van
Lana,
khoi B)
Gidi
a) Phifdng tnnh phan ufng
:
NH3
+
HCl
>
NH4CI
NHj
+
H^
> NHj

Do
do
dung djch
A
chuyen
sang
khong mau.
Vi NH4CI
va
AICI3
dcu la
nhufng axit
c6
pH
< 7.
Dang
4.
-
SU ton tqi dong
thdi
ion
trong
dung djch
-
Bai t6p dUa vdo
ptiUdng
trinh
Ion thu gon.
BAI TAP MkU
Bail.

KCl:
kali clorua
MgCIj:
magie
clorua
FeClj:
s^t
(III) clorua.
b)
Can lay cdc
muo'i tfng vdi
cdc
ion trSn
:
Na2S04
va
Cu(N03)2
ho^c
hai muoi CUSO4
va
NaNOj.
32
Bai
2.
Trong dung dich
c6 the
ton
tai
dong
thcJi

b)
T6n tai
difcfc
cdc
ion tren U-ong mpt dung djch.
c) Khdng ton
tai
diTcJc
\\
s\i
tao
thanh ke't tua
BaS04.
Ba^*+
SO^" )-BaS04>l'
d) Kh6ng
ton tai
di/dc
vi c6 sif tao
thanh kd't
tua
AgCl trong dung dich
va
siji
bpt khi.
Ag^
+ Cr
>AgCl4'
2H*
+ CO^- >

PO^-, CO^".
Xic dinh
cic
cation
va
anion trong tuTng 6'ng nghiem.
Gidi
Muon
tao
thanh trong dung dich
thl cic cap
cation
va
anion phai khong
tao
thanh ke't tua,
cha't
khi,
chat
di?n
li yeu
trong
til'ng
dung dich.
Do d6 cac ong
nghi^ra
Ian
li/dt
la :
Ong

thiJc
li6n
he
giffa
a, b, c, d va
c6ng
thuTc
tinh
t6ng
khS'i
luTcJng
muoi trong
dung
dich.
^) K6't qu^
xic
dinh nong dp mol ciia
c^c
ion trong
mOt
dung dich
nhU"
sau
Na*
: 0,05; Ca^^ : 0.01; NO3 : 0,01; Cr : 0,04 va
HCO3
: 0,025.
H6i
ke't
qua do

tong khoi
lufdng
cac
ion.
Ta
CO
:
m
= m ,
+
m
7+
+
m
_
+
m
_
Na+
Ca'^*
HCO3
CI
m
= 23a +
40b
+ 61c +
35,5d.
b)
Tong
dicn tich

qua phan tich sai.
Bai
5.
Hoa tan
4
gam
CUSO4
vao mot
liTcfng
niTdc
viTa du
250ml
dung dich.
a) Tinh nong do mol
cua
cac
ion trong dung dich.
b) Tinh
the
tich dung djch NaOH
0,25M
du
de
lam
ket tua het
ion difdng trong
dung dich.
c) Tinh
the
tich dung dich BaCl^

—-> Na* + OH"
0,05
mol
0,05
mol
Cu^^
+
20H-
)•
Cu(OH)24'
0,025
0,05 (mol)
The tich dung dich NaOH
0,25M:
V=JL.M5.o,2(lit)
CM
0,25
BaCl2
>Ba^-^
+ 2Cr
0,025 0,025
(mol)
"CUS04
=T7r
=
0.025
(mol)
34
Ba'"
+

mol). Tinh
x va y,
biet
rang khi
c6 can
dung
dich thu
du-dc
46,9
gam
chaft
ran khan.
(TSDHQGTP.HCM,c1(/t2)
Gidi
Dung djch
c6
Fe^^
:0,1
mol
Al''^
:0,2"mol
cr
:
X
mol
SO4" :
y mol
Djnh luat
biio
toan dien tich

'
35,5x + 96y
=
35,9
[y =
0,3mol.
Bai
7.
Dung dich
A
chiJa
cac
ion
:
Na\,
SO4" va CO]~.
a) Dung dich tren
diTcJc
dicu
che
tuf hai muoi trung hoa
nao?
b)
Chia
dung dich
A
l^m
hai phan b^ng nhau
:
-

dung dich
A.
Gidi
a) Dung dich
A dMc
dieu
che
tif hai muoi:
Na2S04
va
(NH4)2C03
hoSc Na2C03 va
(NH4)2S04.
b)
Phan
1 : tac
dung vdi
Ba(0H)2
dM
35
Phan
dgng
va
phuong
phAp
giai
H6a hpc 11 VP co - D5
Xuan
Hiing
Ba(OH)2

—>
+ cr
2H^ + CO^" > CO2T + H2O
0,01 mol 0,01 mol
''''' PV _
1.0,2352
-0,02 mol
(I)
nco2
=•
RT 0.082.(13,5
+
273)
= 0,01 (mol)
Kh6i
hfang
BaCOj :
m^^coj
= 197.0,01 = 1,97 (g)
2,33
mBaS04
= 4,3-1.97 = 2,33(g) =^
03,504
= ^ = 0,01 (mol)
Theo djnh luat Ho
tokn
dien tich : n ^
CO:
2-
+ 2.n

Zn^* + 20H- > Zn(OH)2i (1)
a mol 2a mol a mol
Fe^*
+ 30H-
>
Fe(0H)3i
(2)
b mol 3b mol b mol
Neu do' tiep dung dich NaOH
Zn(OH)2
+ 20H- >
ZnOJ'
+
2H2O
(3)
a mol 2a mol
Theo(l)va(2)tac6: 2a + 3b = 0,7 (I)
So mol NaOH trong 200ml dung dich NaOH 2M
HNaOH
= 2.0,2 = 0,4 (mol) => n_= 0,4 mol
OH
Theo
(3):
2a = 0,4
i=>
a = 0,2 (mol)
The a = 0,2 vao (I) =>b = 0,l(mol)
So'
mol muo'i :
ZnS04 > Zn^^ + S04~

37
Phan
dgng
phuong
phip
gi3i
H6a
hpc 11 VP co- D5
XuSn
Hung
a)
100ml
dung
dich A
Gidi
AP^:X
mol
Fe''+
:
y mol
SOJ z
mol
Br":
t mol
v
I
* Tron
dung
dich A vdi
dung

2Fe(OH)3 -A FejOj +
3H2O
(chat
nln Y la FcjOj)
0,2 mol 0,1 mol
I ,
nFc203
=1^
= 0,1 (mol) => np^3^ =y = 0,2mol
*
Tron
dung
djch A vdi
dung
dich BaCh di/ '
Ba'*
+ SO^-
>
BaS04i
0,4 mol 0,4 mol .
I 93 2
I
"BaS04i
= ^ = 0,4(mol) n^^2- = z = 0,4 mol ,
I
* Djnh luat bao
toan
dien tich :
5.
Ta CO : 3x + 3y = 2z + t

dung
djch A :
Al'^
+
3NH3
+
3H2O
>
Al(OH)3>l'
+ 3NH*
0,2 mol 0,2 mol
Fe^* +
3NH3
+
3H2O
> Fe(OH)3i + 3NH^
0,2 mol 0,2 mol
Dem kct tua
nung
:
2Al(OH)3
AI2O3
+
3H2O
0,2 mol 0,1 mol
2Fe(OH)3 Fe203 +
3H2O
0,2 mol 0,1 mol
Khoi
liTcJng

diTcan
5,64ml dung
djch
NaOH 0,10M. Xac
dinh
kim loai M.
Gidi
PhuTdng
trinh
phan
u^ng :
MCO3
+ 2HC1 >
MCI2
+ CO.t +
H2O
(1)
0,000518
0,001036
(mol)
NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H20 (2)
0,000564 0,000564
(mol)
nHci
=
0,08.0,02
=
0,0016
(mol)
HNaOH =

diTdc
100 ml
dung
dich Z. Tinh pH cua
dung
dich Z (bo
qua sif dicn li cua
H2O).
39
PhSn
djng
va
phuong
ph^p giii H6a hpc
11
VP co
-
D5
XuSn
Hung
Giai
- Ap dung dinh luat bao toan dien tich cho dung dich X ta diTdc:
X
=
0,07
-
0,02.2 = 0,03 mol
- Ap dung dinh luat bao toan dien tich cho dung dich
Y ta
dxXdc:

dung dich
X va
2,688
lit
khi H2 (dktc). Dung dich
Y
gom HCl
va
H2SO4,
ti
le
mol
tu-Ong
ij-ng
la
4:1. Trung
hoa
dung djch
X bdi
dung dich
Y,
tdng
kho'i liTtJng cac muoi di/cfc tao
ra la
A. 13,70 gam.
B.
18,46 gam.
C.
12,78 gam.
D.

=
0,04 mol
=>
nH2S04
=
0,04 mol;
UHCI =
4.0,04
=
0,16 mol
Ta c6:
Kho'i-lu'dng
muoi = kho'i
liTdng
kim loai
+
kho'i
liTpng
go'c axit
-> Kho'i liTcJng muoi
=
8,94
+
0,04.96
+
0,16.35,5
=
18,46g Dap an
B.
Bai 3: Cho dung dich chtira 0,1 mol

mi =
197.0,1
=
19,7 (gam)
40
»
Bai 4: Nho tCr
tCr
0,25 lit dung dich NaOH 1,04M
\ko
dung dich gom 0,024 mol
FeCls; 0,016 mol
Al2(S04)3
vk 0,04 mol H2SO4 thu dUOc
m
gam ket tua. Tinh
m.
Gidi
Taoo:
UNaOH
=
0,26 mol
=> n . =
0,26 mol
OH
"FeCis
=
0'024mol
^ Up
3^.

->
Fe(OH)3
0,024 0,072 0,024
Al^^
+ 30H- ->
Al(OH)3
0,032 0,096 0,032
I
n .
= 0,08 + 0,072 + 0,096 = 0,248 mol
OH
=>
n
.j„ = 0,26-0,248 = 0,012 mol
OH
Do OH" du nen tiep tuc xay ra phan ung hoa tan ket tua
A1(0H)3.
A1{0H)3
+
OH"
->
AIO2"
+
2H2O
0,012
0,012
=> so mol Al(OH)3c6ni,i
=
0,032
-

can 60ml HCl IM. Tinh nong do
mol ciia dung dich KOH.
Gidi
Gpi x M
la
nong do mol cua dung dich KOH:
Taco: nNaOH
= 0,24 mol
"KOH
=
^'•^^
"^o'
nHN03
= 0,4 mo
"HCI
0,2 mol
=>
Yn =
(0,3x
+
0,24)
mol
^
OH"
nHN03
= 0.4 mol
Tn
+ = 0,6
H+
mol

Ta c6:
UHCI
= 0,06 mol => n^. = 0,06 mol
H
Phiin
xing trung hoa giffa HCl vii
dung
djch C:
H^
+ OH" -> H2O
0,06 (0,3x - 0,36)
=>
0,3x - 0,36 = 0,06 => x = l,4M
Bai
6: Cho
dung
djch Ba(0H)2 den dU vao 50ml
dung
dich X c6
chiJa
cac ion
NH4'';
SO4'"
; NO," thl c6 11,65 gam kcl lua dmc tao ra va dun
nong
c6 4,48
lit
khi bay ra (dktc). Tinh
nong
do mol moi muo'i trong

chiJa
HCl IM va
H2SO4
0,6M. Cho 100ml
dung
djch B gom
KOH
IM va NaOH 0,8M vao 100ml
dung
djch A, c6
ciin
dung
djch sau
phan
u'ng thu diWc m(g) chift
r^Cn.
Tinh m.
Gidi
Dung dich A c6: n^^^o^ = 0,06 mol •
"Hci^O.lmol
Dung dich B c6:
n^^oH
= 0,08 mol
n^,
= 0,22 mol
H
"KOH
= 0,1 mol
n^^.
= 0,18 mol

+
m,„i.,n
=
0,1.39
+
0,08.23
+
0,06.35,5
+
0,06.96
= 13,63 (g)
Dana
5. Bai t^p ap
dung
djnh
lugt bao
loan
di^n tich.
BAI
TAP
MAU
VA
BAI
TAP AP
Dl^NG
Bai
1. Mot
dung
djch
chuTa

-
(0,02.64
+
0,03.39)
=
2,985
(2)
Tir(l)va(2)=>^
= °'''
[y
= 0,02
Bai
2. Mot
dung
dich c6 chtfa cac ion: x mol 0,2 mol Mg^\3 mol Cu^^
0,6 mol
S04^",
0,4 mol NOf. Co can
dung
dich nay thu
du'rtc
116,8 gam hon
hcJp
cac muo'i khan. Tim M.
Gidi
Ap
dung
dinh luat bao loan dien tich, ta c6:
3x + 0,2.2 + 0,3.2 = 0,6.2 + 0,4 x = 0,2 mol
Ta c6:

giSi
H63
hoc 11 V6
cd
- D5
XuSn
Hung
Gidi
PhifcJng trinh ion rut gon:
Mg'*
+ CO^- > MgCOjl
Ba^*+
CO3-
>
BaCOji
Ca^*
+
CO3"
>
CaCOjJ-
Khi phan i?ng ke't thilc, cac ke't tua tach khoi dung dich, phan dung dich chiJa
Na"",
cr
va
NO3".
De trung hoa dien
thi: n^^^^
=
n^^.
=

[Ba^^]
= IM;
[OH"]
=
2M.
De thu
di/cJc liTdng
ket tua Idn
nhat, can 0,1 mol OH"
de
tac dung
het
vdi HCO3".
HCO3'
+0H"
->C03^"+
H2O
Mat khac, can 0,3 mol OH' de trung hoa Na"".
Vay tdng
so
mol OH' can
la
0,1
+
0,3
=
0,4 mol
=>
ny^joH,^
= 0,2

d
(dktc)
va
1,07 gam ket tua.
- Phan hai tac dung vdi liTdng du'dung dich BaCl2, thu du'dc 4,66 gam ke't tua.
Co can dung djch X thu diTdc m gam muo'i khan (qua trinh c6 can chi cd nU'dc
bay hdi). Tinh m.
Gidi
- Phdnl:
n,H,
= ^-0,03 mol;
np,,o„,,
=
1^
= 0,01 mol
Fe^^
+ 30H- ->
Fe(0H)3
0,01
0,01
NH4*
+ OH" -> NH3 + H2O
0,03
0,03
KWAWfi VIET
Phan 2:
nB„so4
= 4^ =
0,02 mol
Ba

100 ml dung dich
X
c^n dting 700 ml dung dich chtfa ion Ag* cd nong d6 1^
IM.
Co can
dung dich
X
thu diTdc 35,55 gam muoi. Tinh nong
dp
mol
cac
cation tiTdng tfng trong dung dich X.
Gidi
Gpi a, b
lin
li/dt
Ih
s6 mol ciia
Ca^*
va Al^*.
Ta cd:
n =n
. =0,7mol
CI
Ag J
Ap
dung djnh lu|t bSo to^n di^ tich, ta cd:
2a
+
3b = 0,7

thu
diTdc
2
gam
ket
tiia. Cho
1/2
dung dich
X c6n lai
phan iJng
vdi
dung dich
Ca(0H)2
(dir), thu di/dc 3 gam ket tua. M^t khac, neu dun soi den can dung
dich X thi thu dtfdc m gam cha't r^n khan. Tim m.
Gidi
* 1/2 dung dich X
tic
dung vdi dung dich NaOH
diT:
Ptf: HCOj
+
OH"
^
C03^'
+
H2O
Ca
2+
C03^-

0,03 0,03
Ca^^ + COj^"
CaC03
i
0,03 0,03
3
Ta c6: nr.rn = = 0,03 mol
CaCO,
'
Ca(0H)2 dir => COj^" hct
theo
pu" ta c6: n^^^,^^ = 0,03 mol
Ap
dung
djnh luat bao
toan
dicn tich cho
dung
djch X ta c6:
n
, = n
_
+ n
_
- 2n = 0,1 +
0,03.2
-
2.0,02.2
= 0,08 mol
Na CI HCO^ Ca*"

chiJa
cac ion Ca^*: O.lmol; NO^: 0,05mol; Br":
0,15mol;
HCO3
: 0,1 mol mot ion cua kim loai M. Co can
dung
djch thu
difdc 29,Ig muoi khan. Tim ion kim loai M va tinh
nong
do cua no trong
dung
dich.
Gidi
Goi
n la dien tich cua ion kim loai M; x la so mol cua
M"*
Ap
dung
DLBTDT, ta c6: 0,1.2 + xn
=0,05
+ 0,15 + 0,1 xn = 0.1
Matkhac: m.„,i =m^^,. +m_^„. +m^^_ +m^^_ +m^^.^_^
^0,1.40
+
1
M —
n
^
M
+

ilng
vdi Ba^* va Pb^*
theo
ti le mol
1:1. Dien tich cac ion iren
bhng
nhau
ve
giii
tri tuyct do'i. Ncn ta c6:
^
n(SO^"
+
CO3")
= ^ n(Ba'* + Pb'*)
=:>0,1(0,1+0,2) = 0,l(x +0,05)
=>x = C
J,
=0,25(M)
Ba
Khoi
lUdng
chung
cua cac ket
tiia
(BaS04
+
PbS04
+
BaCOs

B.
Do dien li khong
thay
doi.
C.
Do dien
H
giam.
D.
Dp dien li va
hang
so' dien li deu
tang.
C&u
2. Chpn
phat
bieu sai:
Trong ciic tieu
phan
NH4*,
C03^-, S^', HS", Na*, FeCHjO)'*,
H2O
theo
li
thuye't
Bronsted.
A.
Axit
la cac tieu
phan

,
C. Cdc
dung
djch
KHSO4,
CHjCOONa
c6 pH = 7.
D.
Dung djch
NaN02
co pH > 7.
Cdu
4. cap
chat
nko sau day khi cho vao niTdc khong lam lhay doi dp pH ciia
dung
djch?
A.HCI,H2S04 B. KCLNaNOj
C.
NH4CI,
AICI3
D.
NaHS04,
Na2C03.
Cfiu
5. Cho ba
dung
dich c6 cOng
nong
d6 mol//:

Xua't
hi$n ket tiia mau
vSng
B.
Xua't
hien ket tua keo tr^ng tang dan den
cifc
dai, sau d6 tan dung dich
trd
nen trong
suo't
C. Ket tiia xuat hi^n roi tan
ngay
D.
Khong hi^n ti/dng.
Cfiu
7. Nh6
tilf tilf
dung dich
AICI3
v^o ong nghi^m duTng dung dich NaOH cho
den
duT.
Hipn
tufdng quan sdt difdc la:
A.
Xuaft
hi0n
ket tua m^u keo tr^ng
B.

suo't
C. Ke't Ilia xua't hidn r6i tan
ngay
D.
Khong hi^n tiTdng.
Cfiu
9. Mot dung djch
nvtdc
cua natri
cacbonat
c6 pH > 7 1^ do:
A.
Natri
cacbonat
phan li
hokn
tohn
B. S6' mol ion Na* nhieu hdn ion COa^"
C. So mol COi^' nhieu hdn so mol niTdc
D.
Ion COi^~ tham gia ph^n
iJng
thiiy
phan vdi niTdc.
Cfiu
10. Cho cic dung djch
NH4CI
(1); CHjCOONa (2),
NazCOj
(3),

NaHS04
deu c6 pH < 7.
48
CSu 12. De nhan
bie't
drfdc dung dich dufng trong 4 Ip
khac
nhau la: KOH,
NH4CI,
Na2S04,
(NH4)2S04 ta chi can dOng mot trong 4
cha't:
A.
Dung dich AgN03 B. Dung dich
BaCb
C. Dung dich NaOH D. Dung dich Ba(OH)2.
Cfiu
13. Co 4 muoi
FeClj,
CuCb,
AICI3,
va ZnCh. Neu them tit tir dung djch
NaOH cho den dir vao 4 muoi tren. Sau do them tiep
NH3
dir thi so ket tiia
thu
du'dc la:
A.
1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4.
Cfiu

7 B. 12,69 C. 13 D. 2.
Cfiu
17. De thu diTdc dung dich c6 pH = 7 thi ti le the tich dung dich NaOH 0,1M
vaHC10,01Mcanla'ym:
A.
1:10 B. 1:1
C.10:l
D. 2 : 5.
Cfiu
18. Dung dich X ^ dung dich HCl, dung dich Y la dung dich NaOH. Lay 10
ml
dung dich X pha loang bkng nirdc thanh 1000 ml dung dich thi thu dirdc
dung dich HCl c6 pH = 2. De trung hoa 100 g dung dich Y can 150 ml dung
dich X. Vay C% cua dung dich Y Ih:
A.
2% B. 3% C.5% D. 6%
Cfiu
19.
Phai
pha loang dung dich KOH 0,00
IM
vcti
niTctc
bao nhieu Ian de diTdc
dung dich c6 pH = 9.
A.
100 Ian B. 110 Ian C. 99 Ian D. 80 Ian
Cfiu
20. De thu diTdc 1 lit dung dich HCl c6 pH = 5 tir dung dich HCl c6 pH = 3
thi