9. You didn't
think
I was being serious, did you,
Brian!
It was a joke! I was
pulling
your
that's
all.
A.
thumb B. hair C. toe D. leg
10.
Those second-hand Walkmans are selUng
like
. If you want
one, you'd better buy one before they're all gone.
A.
shootings
stars
B. fresh bread
C.
hot
cakes
D.
will
oats
PART
THREE:
GRAMMAR
& STRUCTURES
A.

boss
was really hot the collar when you
told
him you lost
the contract.
8. He
lived
in a small cottage
which,
because
it was the
beaten
track,
was very
difficult
to
find.
9. My mother never gives anyone a tip principle.
10.
luck,
we should be in London by 3 o'clock.
B.
Put the verbs into the correct forms.
1.
Where do you
think
Peter
is today? - I
have
no idea, he (sleep) late.

know
why you always
(talk)
in class, boys.
9. He pretended
(forget)
the man's name.
PART FOUR:
WRITING
A.
Finish
each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the
printed
one.
1.
It's more than a
fortnight
since anyone saw Julian.
Julian
was .
2. Oil
was
slowly
coating the
edge
of the shore.
The
ed^e
of
the

The company
presents
a
gold
watch to each of
its
retiring
employees.
Each
.
8. Experts
think
that all dogs evolved
from
wolves.
All
dofis
.
9. Everyone started
complaining
the moment the announcement was made.
No
sooner
.
10. The
only
way you can become a good athlete is by
training
hard every
day.

coach's
tactics were
directly
responsible for the
team's
defeat.
(CONSEQUENCE)
6. There's no point in your phoning Caroline -
she's
away.
(TIME)
7. The
final
version of the plan was quite different
from
the
initial
draft.
(RESEMBLANCE)
8. Who
will
inherit
the
estate?
(HEIR)
9. The bottle must not be
laid
on its side.
(UPRIGHT)
lO.He

was the idea of Chris Brasher, a former
Olympic
athlete. In 1979,
his
friends
told
him about the New
York
Marathon, during (4) the
runners are encouraged to carry (5) to the end of the course by the
enthusiastic shouts of the spectators. He
flew
to the USA to run in the
race
(6)
was so impressed by (7) that he decided to organize a
similar
event in
Britain.
Many problems (8) to be overcome before the
first
London Marathon took place in 1981. Chris Brasher
still
takes
a keen
interest in the event, even though he is no longer the organizer.
A
total
of around
3(X),000

million
has
been
raised for charity by the runners.
B.
Reading comprehension
THE
SCHOOL
GIRL
MODEL
When
]5-year-old
Kira
hanger is not flying off
to
the wonderful locations and
appearing
on the covers of magazines, you'll probably find her
revising
for her
school
exams.
Jane
Laidlaw finds out more.
"I'm
afraid
Kira
will
be a
little

to me?
If
she was late, she
would
be rushing. She could be in an
awful
mood and
refuse
to
answer
my questions.
But
when the winner of the
Looks
magazine supermodel competition walked in,
she was
smiUng,
relaxed and apologetic - and
with
her mother.
Kira
was not
dressed
in
expensive-looking designed clothes but in a simple black
dress
and trainers.
There was no sign of a selfish attitude, she was just a very
friendly,
very

sent
some
photos in
anyway.
"^When
the
call
came
to
tell
her that she was a finaUst, she was at school.
The achievement of being selected for the
final
gave
Kira
the confidence to go
through
with
it and she performed perfectly. She won easily and the Select model
agency
in London immediately offered her
work.
Kira
now finds that one of the
hardest
things she has to do is to
manage
her two
separate
Uves. But her friends and

that
because
I've suddenly become a model, I can't stay the
same.
But the
only
thing
that's
changed is I've become more confident - not in a horrible way, but
I'm
able to stand up for
myself
more."
As
a busy model though, her social
life
is obviously affected. The Select
agency can
ring
at any time and
tell
her that she is wanted for a job the next day.
"If
my friends are going out together, I can't say
I'll
come,
because
I don't
know
what I'm doing the next day. I can't really make plans, and if I do they

have
the outstanding beauty
that
seems
certain to take her to the top of the profession. She
pauses
and
rephes,
"I'd
like
to do what you're doing."
1.
Before she went to the interview
with
Kira,
the
writer
A.
was unsure what question to ask her.
B.
was aware that
Kira
might be late.
C.
did not expect to
like
her.
D.
was afraid that
Kira

Kira
refused to enter the supermodel
competition,
her sister
A.
understood her feelings. B. lost her temper.
C.
paid no attention. D.
tried
to
persuade
her.
4.
What
does
Kira
think
about reactions to her
success
at school?
A.
She feels that
some
criticisms of her behaviour are correct.
B.
She
realises
why
some
people are

of television life, and yet to many of us, they remain a mystery. Watching them
getting excited on game shows, for example, we sit back and ask ourselves
-
just
who are these people?
2 I
Of all the audiences for live entertainment, the studio variety is widely
considered to be the lowest of the low. I have heard it said that even people who
work in television treat studio audiences with scorn - or, as a cameraman put it,
"like cattle".
- 3 I
1 had assumed that studio audiences were made up of silly people desperate
for two seconds of fame. But there's no such thing as a typical studio audience.
They come from all classes, professions, and income groups. Television tries to
attract different types of people for different types of programmes.
4 I
Those of us who prefer lo watch television from home can't see why anyone
would want to watch television from a studio. Why would anyone bother to
apply for tickets, travel long distances, and suffer hours of boredom in the
discomfort of a studio just to watch what they can see at home?
5 I
One theory is that people hope that for a second they might appear on
television. I didn't believe this until I spoke to Angela. Why had she come? "It
was a chance to appear on television." Another theory is that people are curious
to take a look behind the scenes. But the most common explanation I heard was
simply a case of "a friend gave me a ticket".
150
A. Studio audiences consist of all kinds of people.
B.
For some people, being in a studio audience is preferable to watching

thermometer
4.
A. usual
B.
division C. gasoline
D.
confusion
5.
A. dividend
B.
benefactor C. benign
D.
mellow
6. A. guild
B.
fluid C. militant
D.
gild
7.
A. intestine
B.
hindsight C. pint
D.
height
8. A. beloved
B.
governed C.paved
D.
measured
9. A. Levis B.leisure C. lettuce

from
a nearby. _.
A.
tanker B. pond C. reservoir D.
sewer
6. When my
parents
retired they bought a
tiny
in the country.
A.
bungalow B. mansion C.
shack
D. barn
7. The car skidded off the road and
fell
into a
full
of muddy water.
A.
lake B. gutter C. ditch D. puddle
8. The pointed of the church could be
seen
from
miles away.
A.
dome B.
building
C. summit D.
steeple

2.
The minister as
well
as the (congregate) is preparing for the
coming
Xmas (serve) .
3.
After
a few drinks, their behaviours
became
(inhibit)
.
4.
The cat is
(luxury)
in the sunshine.
5. He
will
be (joy) at your news. It's so good.
6. Don't admit (liable) for the accident!
7. Sit in the garden and feel the
(peace)
and (tranquil) .
PART
THREE:
GRAMMAR
AND
STRUCTURES
I.
Complete the

It is at .
8. He gave me a detailed account of the operation.
He ^ave me a blow .
9. The university didn't prepare to consider his application due to his lack of
right qualifications.
Had .
10.
We shall find the solution to the problem soon.
One of .
11,
Rewrite the following sentences using the given words. Do not alter
these words.
1. We agreed that each of us would do the washing up on alternate days.
(TURNS)
2.
He makes sure that he isn't associated with policies he disagrees with.
(DISTANCES)
3.
The new manager blames me for everything that goes wrong. (PICKING)
4.
Don't panic about something so trivial. (MOUNTAIN)
5.
They have narrowed the many applicants down to three. (SHORT)
6. He liked the new job straight away. (DUCK)
7.
Bruce said that the situation at work was like a family argument.
(LIKENED)
8. They arrived at their destination ahve and kicking. (SOUND)
153
9. Trade has deteriorated and

walk
crop
in
up
through
down
on
to
for
1.
I've
been
trying
to phone my sister in Australia for an hour, but I can't
2.
I was
talking
to Jeff on the phone when suddenly he . I've no
idea why.
3. I'm going to the
library.
If you ,
I'll
get the car and drive you there.
4.
I promised
Bill
that I
would
lend him

10.1'U
you at scvcu this evening.
Will
you be ready by
then?
11.
I'm very
tired.
Joan
invited
me to dinner at her
house,
but I don't
it.
I'll
go to bed early.
12.1 applied for a part-time job at the supermarket. They're going to
mc .
13.
I'm sorry I'm late. Something urgent at the
office,
so I
couldn't
leave early.
14.
It isn't that woman's turn. It's yours. Don't let her !
15.
Simon an
Irish
girl

the street proclaiming
"MARSHLAND
NEW
TOWN
- THE FIRST
HUNDRED
YEARS",
as (7) the
shoppers
needed
to
(8)
reminded.
Nothing
else
had been (9) of in the town
for
weeks. Committees had (10) formed, and every day more and
more money was (11) collected by
local
schoolchildren seHing flags
and buttons.
Posters
printed (12) the words
LONG
LIVE
MARSHLAND
dangled
from
every lamppost. If I hadn't (13) it

since cinema's early days. In the era of silent
films,
viewers looked for the
name of the company before they looked for who the
stars
were and they were
rarely
interested in the director. The logo was used at the start of every
film
by any
film
companies and it was an important part of each studio's
pubUcity.
(1)
and quite detailed accounts service concerning
some
of them.
(2)
since the
original
company was founded. The image was
taken
from
a childhood memory of a mountain in Utah, where its founder grew
up,
while
the
title
was borrowed
from

of
film
company trademarks,
with
Warner
Brothers,
Columbia and Paramount all using it as a background. (4)
they all want to be
greatest
and the largest and to become part of the everyday
landscape.
1SS
(5)
and their logo also feature the sky in another
sense-seeing
in all
from
outer
space.
It has gone through many transformations,
with
the early
orbiting
plane being replaced by the famous
mirrored
globe.
A.
A young executive was given the task of creating a memorable trademark
B.
The version

virtually
unchanged
H.
Occasionally
film
makers have even made inventive use of
these
trademarks
PRACTICE
3
PART
ONE:
PHONOLOGY
Pick
out the
word
whose
bold
part is pronounced
differently
from
those
of
the others.
1.
A. danger
B.
eager
C.
dagger

B.
neigh
C.
beige
D.
reign
7. A. Honour
B.
honest
C.
honey
D.
heir
8. A. germ
B.
gesture
C.
gene
D.
gear
9. A. shortage
B.
collage
C.
carriage
D.
manage
10.
A. soul
B.

discuss
your
work
now or are you to leave.
A.
thinking
B. planned C. around D. about
3. Dinner
will
be ready soon. Can you
please
the table?
A.
lay B. settle C. make D. put
4.
There was no in
waiting
longer than
half
an hour so we
left.
A.
good B. point C.
worth
D. use
5. The question of late payment of
bill
was again at the board
meeting.
A.

A.
taken up B. taken of C. taken over D. taken in
10.
Modern
buildings
should
with
the surrounding
area.
A.
suit B. fit C. blend
D.join
1
l.He lives a(n) throw
from
the station.
A.
stone's
B. stick's C. arrow's D.
apple's
12.She
did six hours' studying a day for her exam.
A.
solid
B. heavy C. strong D. big
13.
Don't
forget to the alarm clock for six o'clock
tomorrow
morning.

A.
boundary B.
edge
C. border D.
limit
157
IV.Who
was the
first
person the South pole?
A.
reaching B. who
reaches
C. to reach D. reached
18.
He
missed the lecture, so I lent him my
notes
.
A.
after B. afterwards C. at last D.
finally
19.
The exam in January prepared pupils for the real
thing
in
June.
A.
false B. unreal C. untrue D. mock
20.

create
volcanic eruptions.
(BELIEVE)
6. He was a adventurous person. There is no question about
it.
(DECIDE)
7. There was a of coffee
because
thousands of coffee
trees
in
Brazil
froze. (SHORT)
8. Barbara is very about birds. She knows a lot about them.
(KNOW)
9. Two hijacked an airplane and made the
pilot
fly to Paris.
(TERRIFY)
1
O.Frank
told
everyone that he worked for a large company, bat the company
is
.
(EXIT)
PART
THREE:
GRAMMAR
AND

You .
6. The car was too expensive for him.
He .
7.
The passengers don't realize how lucky they have been.
Little .
8. She doesn't pass exams. She fails and this depresses her.
Her .
9. The management didn't act soon enough to prevent the strike.
Had .
10.
They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area.
They recommended that .
11.
Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that the meaning isn't
changed, using the words given in parentheses.
1. Could you look after my suitcase for a moment? (EYE)
2.
He's
a
taxi driver, so he is thoroughly familiar with the city. (HAND)
3.
I don't like him because he boasts a lot. (MOUTH)
4.
If she ever learns about this news, she'll be furious. (EARS)
5.
There's a very long list of repairs. (ARM)
PART FOUR: READING COMPREHENSION
I.
Fill in each numbered blank with one appropriate preposition.

way. They
grind
the graphite, make it (8) the
shape
(9)
a stick, and
bake
it. Then they put it (10) a piece of wood.
One pencil can
write
50,000 English words or make a
line
55 kilometers
long.
People wrote (11) feather
pens
and then used
pens
(12)
metal
points. They had to dip the point (13) ink (14)
every few letters. Next
someone
invented a fountain pen that could
hold
ink (15) it. A fountain pen can
write
several
pages
before you

to name. (9)
politicians,
soldiers, doctors, factory -
hands,
university professors, farmers,
company directors, lawyers, bus - conductors, scientists (10)
presidents of countries they
have
often put men to
shame.
And we must
remember that they frequently
succeed
brilliantly
in all
these
fields in addition
to
(11) and rearing children. Yet men go (12) maintaining the
fiction
that there are many jobs women can't (13) . They say women
are unreliable and
irrational.
They depend too
little
on cool reasoning and too
much
on
intuition
and instinct to (14) at decisions. They are not even

in
cages
that were made of concrete
with
iron
bars,
cages
that were
easy
to keep clean. Unfortunately for the animals, the
cages
were small and
impossible
to hide in. The zoo environment was anything but natural.
Although
the
zoo
keepers
took good
care
of the animals and fed them
well,
many of the animals
did
not
thrive;
they behaved in strange ways, and they often
became
ill.
In

with
water,
which
is
called
a moat. The moat surrounds an
area
where several
species
of animals
live
together as they
would
naturally.
For example, in the San Diego Zoo, the
visitor
can
walk
through a huge special
cage
that is
filled
with
trees,
some
small animals and
many
birds.
This particular
kind

Arizona-
Sonora Desert Museum, people can see animals that Uve in special environments
like
the
desert.
Some other zoos have special
places
for
visitors
to watch animals that Uve
under water
like
fish.
Still
other zoos have special
places
for animals that hve in
cold
polar
surroundings
like
the great
white
bear
from
the
Arctic
region.
Modem
zoos

animals.
After
you
read
each
of
the
statements
in
this
exercise,
decide
whether
each one is
true or false according to the
text.
1.
Animals
in modem zoos have more freedom than animals did
fifty
years
ago.
2.
Fifty
years
ago, the zoo
keepers
did not feed the animals
well.
3. The American bald

example, wild rice grows along the edges of
rivers.
It is easy to gather the crop.
Someone might have planned another crop so that it would be easy to harvest.
We can never know how farming started. In the days before history was written,
there were unUmited ways to improve. Human beings also had many reasons to
look for better ways of getting food. There were many children to feed, and
agriculture was an easier way to stay alive.
Question
1. Which is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. Women do not run as well as men can.
B.
Children had to gather food near their homes.
C.
People learned to control food sources before history was written.
D.
People had to search for food before they could learn to write.
2.
Which does paragraph 2 focus on?
A. the dog as a useful animal B. taming animals
B.
which birds produce eggs D. goat milk
3.
The main idea of paragraph
3
is that agriculture probably started because
A. grass seeds grow into wheat.
162
B.
someone made a good guess.

compile
2.
A. advent
B.
invent C. decent
D.
percent
3.
A. purpose
B.
superpose C. poster
D.
depot
4.
A. pursue
B.
hesitate C. comparison
D.
translate
5.
A. choir
B.
chore C. chemist D.chorus
6. A. dogged
B.
legged C.naked
D.
moped
7.
A. storage

the gap.
Lichens are a unique group of complex, (1) FLOWER
plant growing on rock and
trees.
There are
thousands
of
kinds of lichen, which
come
in a wide variety of colours.
They are composed of
algae
and
fungi
which (2)
to satisfy the
needs
of the lichens. The autotrophic green
algae
(3) all their own food through a
process
called
photosynthesis and provide the lichen
with
(4)
elements.
On the other hand, the heterotrophic fungus
which
(5) on other
elements

places
such as the polar
LIKE
ice
caps
as
well
as in tropical
zones,
in dry
areas
as much
as wet
ones,
on mountain
peaks
and along coastal
areas.
B.
Choose the
best
answers.
1.
The manifesto is a for the town's future.
A.
white
paper
B. green belt C. blue
D.
green

C. at
loggerheads
D.
in the thick E. in
arrears
4.
The landlord them
because
they hadn't paid their rent for six
months.
A.
threw out B. evicted C. discarded
D.
demoUshed E. dismissed
164
5. Do you know,
she's
bought curtain material exactly the
same
as ours.
She's
a dreadful .
A.
parrot B. dog-in-the-manger
C. mocking
bird
D. copycat E. ape
6. Although she was dying to rip open the
present,
she exercised

cake
and cat it C. my
hands
full
D.
the
best
of both worlds E. a
busman's
holiday
10.
The Minister'sanswer led to an outcry
from
the opposition.
A.
evasive B. inalienable C. unbridled
D.
persuasive
E. over
riding
PART
THREE:
GRAMMAR
AND
STRUCTURES
A.
Supply the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses.
Four hundred Hebridean lobsters facing certain death were given a
brief
reprieve when the plane

Common
or
Battersea
Park in South London.
165
B. Fill
in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1.
Tall
players are _____ an
advantage
football
matches.
2.
I can recite the whole poem memory.
3. Has this
glass
been
drunk ?
4.
The kitchen
floor
looks clean enough to eat .
5. There should be
some
news the hour.
6. Manufacturers must conform and abide certain
standards
laid
by the government.

(5)
great mathematician John von Newmann was, (6)
his many other accomplishments, one of the originators of
game
theory. In
particular,
he showed that all
games
(7) into one of (8)
classes:
there are what he (9)
"games
of perfect
information",
games
like
chess
which
are meant to
involve
(10) element of concealment,
bluff
or
luck
-
games
where the players (11) , in principle, discover
the
best
move by the (12) of pure logic to the available data. (13)

years
ago. Over the
past
20
years
computers
have
completely
revolutionized
our Uves. Yet we can expect the
rate
of
change
to
accelerate
rather
than slow
within
our lifetimes. The next 25 year
will
see as many
changes
as
have
been
witnessed in the
past
150.
These
developments in technology are bound to

computer judge who would, in all probability, judge your case more fairly than a
human counterpart. Doctors, too, will fine that an electronic competitor will be
able to carry out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recommend
more efficient courses of treatment.
In education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more
knowledgeable than any human being. What's more, most learning will take place
in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school though, until
another place is created where they can make friends and develop social skills
through play.
What, you may ask, can we do to avoid the threat of the dole queue? Is there
any job that will be safe? First of all, we shouldn't hide our heads in the sand.
Unions will try to stop change but they will be fighting a losing battle. People should
get computer literate as this just might save them from professional extinction. After
all,
there will be a few jobs left in law, education and medicine for those few
individuals who are capable of writing and programming the software of the future.
Strangely enough, there will still be jobs Uke rubbish collection and cleaning as it is
tough to program tasks which are largely unpredictable.
If we accept that people have the need to work, then an option might well be
to introduce compulsory job sharing and to hmit the length of the working week.
Otherwise, we could find ourselves in an explosive situation where a
technocratic elite is both supporting, and threatened by, vast numbers of the
unemployed. Whether the future is one of mass unemployment or greater
freedom and leisure will depend on how change is managed over this difficuU
period and how the relationship between work and reward is viewed.
167
1.
Changes
A.
occur

messages.
3.
Which
is not one of the writer's predictions?
A.
Professional won't
escape
change.
B.
Doctors won't be as
efficient
as computers.
C.
Professionals
will
know
less
than today.
D.
Computers
could
make fairer judgements.
4.
Children
A.
won't be taught in schools.
B.
won't have contact
with
teachers.

work
up
fairly.
C.
Choose from the paragraphs
(A-H)
the one which fits each gap (1 - 6).
There
is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
There
is an
example at the beginning (0).
ICE-CREAM
THAT
KEEPS THE
FAMILY
TOGETHER
It
is a bitter November evening and the westerly winds are
howling
across
south-west England
from
the
Atlantic
Ocean. In the warmth of their old
stone
farmhouse the
Roskilly
family's

is his main
activity.
There are 90 prime
milkers,
and 60 calves complete the herd.
2
I
Soon after, in 1960, Joe married Rachel. He has added 45
hectares
to the
farm
but has not gone far
from
his home. "This year I have not been out of
Cornwall."
he said. "Rachel and I last had a holiday when our son Toby was
four.
There has just been too much to do."
3 I
"Although
we had been making clotted cream since we married and doing
holiday
lets in the
outbuilding
for 32 years, we
reahsed
that if the
farm
was ever
supported by three grown-up children plus their possible famihes wc had to make

restaurant serving coffee, cream
teas,
salads
and other
light
lunches, as
well
as
all
the ice-cream and Rachel's home made bread,
scones,
cakes
and jams.
6 I
"Although
the cows are the key to everything we do, I have always
felt
that
being
ready to
change
and expand when
necessary
makes
farming
more
interesting
and more fun than it used to be. The younger generation can get
bored
by the routine of