7-'»'"
1
NGUYfeN
Htru
THAC
- TRAN NGOC THANG
-
NGUYfeN
HOAl NAM
ON
KIEN
THUrc
LUYEN
Kl
NANG
LAM BAI
•
HO A HOC 9
THEO
CHUAN
Klf N
THtfC
Ili'J
VIEM
Ti
f-'H aiNH
IHUA'*
teVL M5
3/|(y
-14
,

4
phSn:
PHANI - ON TAP THEO CHUAN KJEN TfflJC
Phan nay trlnh bay tom tat nhung tdng hop toan bo kien thiic Hoa hoc cua
sach giao khoa Idp 9 theo chuong trinh cai each ciia Bo Giao due va Dao tao,
nham giiip em hoc sinh on tap nhanh va nam kien thiic sau hon.
PHAN II - LUYEN KI NANG THEO CHUAN KIEN THirC
A.
Cau hoi va bai tap
G6m nhi^u bai tap trac nghiem va bai tap tu luan, giiip hoc sinh nang cao
ki nang van dung
kie'n
thiic
di,
giai bai
tap,
nhat la giai bai tap trac nghiem (each
chon dap an diing va nhanh nhat).
B.
Huong
dan
tra
161
cau lioi va giai bai tap
Cac em hoc sinh chi sir dung phan nay sau khi da tra loi cac cau hoi va
giai cac bai tap b phSn A de' ki^m tra
kie'n
thiic va ki nang cua minh, tii do b6
sung nhung
kid'n

PHANI^.
ON
TAP THEO
CHUAN
KIEN
THUTC
Chirong
1
\ryr'.r-^-^Ki
CAC
LOAI
HOP
CHAT
V6
CO
I-OXIT
,.,
,„,,,^,.,
Ojf/f
/a /icT?
chat
cm
oxi vdi mot
ngiiyen
tokhdc.
1.
Phanloqi
a)
Theo tinh chdt
hod hoc cua

tac dung vdi nude, axit va
baza.
Thi
du: CO, NO
b)
Theo thanh phdn
nguyen
to tao oxit:
Chia
thanh
hai
loai
oxit:
Oxit
kim
loai:
Nguyen
to tao oxit la kim loai.
' '
Oxit
phi
kim:
Nguyfin to' tao oxit la phi kim.
I
2. Ten goi
Cdch
1:
Ten oxit = Ten
nguyen
td tao oxit (kem hoa tri vdi

cua mdi
nguyen
td trong phan
tiJ
oxit.
Thi du: NjO,: Dinita pentaoxit (penta la
nam).
Cdch
3:
Ddi vdi oxit axit con cd ten goi la anhidrit ciia axit tu<mg iJng.
Thi
du:
SO,: Anhidrit sunfuric (axit tircfng ling
la
HjSO^).
3.
Tinh
chdt hoa hoc cua
oxit
bazo
-
Tdc
dung
vdi
oxit
axit:
Tao thanh mudi.
Thi
du:
•

dungvdi
oxit
bazcf:laoXhmhmu6i.Thi du:
CO^+CaO-^CaCOj
- Tdc
dung
vdi
nuac:
Da s6' oxit axit tac dung
dugc
vdi nude, tao thanh axit.
Thi
du:
P^O,
+
SH^O
->
2H3PO,
- Tdc
dung
vdi
baza:
Tao
thanh mu6'i
va
niidrc.
Thi du:
SO2 + Ba(OH)2
BaSOj
+ H^O

Thi du:
Aip,
+ 2NaOH2NaA102 + H^O
II. MOT SO
OXIT
QUAN
TRONG
1.
Conxi
oxit
(CaO)
- La cha't ran, mau trang,
nong
chay
b nhiet d6 rat cao. CaO hut
nude
ra't
manh, nen dung lam kho m6t s6' cha't khi.
- La oxit
bazo:
Tac dung vdi
nudc,
vdi axit va oxit axit.
- San xua't CaO: Nung da vdi
(CaCOO
trong 16 vdi:
CaCOj
—^ Cao + CO^ t
2.
Lau

2H2S04d.n
->
CuSO,
+ SO^ t +
2H2O
Trong
cdng nghiep:
Tijr
luu huynh va
tijf
quang
pirit:
. S
S + O2—^SOj
^.^5
4FeS2
+ 1IO2 —^
8SO2
t +
2Fe203
> .
(Quang
pirit)
>
III.
AXIT
Axit Id hap chdt md phdn ti( c6 mot hay nhieu nguyen
tie
hidro lien kit
vdi

Thi du: HCl: Axit clohidrie.
-
Axit
CO
nhieu
nguyen
/«" oxi:
T^n axit
=
Axit
+
ten phi kim
+ ic.
Thi du:
H2SO4:
Axit sunfuric.
-
Axit
CO
it
nguyen
tic oxi:
T6n axit
=
Axit
+
t6n phi kim
+ cf.
r/z/JM;
H2SO3:

phan thanh 2 loai:
Axit mgnh nhu HCl,HN03,H2S04loang
Axit
ye'u
nhu
H2S,H2C03,H2S03
IV. MpT SO
AXIT
QUAN
TRONG
1.
Axit
clohidrie
(HCl)
- Khi hidro clorua HCl tan trong
nudc
tao thanh dung dich axit clohidrie.
- Axit clohidrie ed nhimg
tinh
cha't chung ciia axit: Lam ddi mau quy tim
thanh
do. Tac dung vdi: kim loai,
baza,
oxit
baza
va mudi, tao thanh mudi
clorua.
2.
Axitsunfuric
(HjSOJ

+ San xua't khi
SO2:
Ddt
S
hoac quang pirit: S + '°
>
SO^.
Hoac 4FeS2 +1 lOj ^ 2Fe203 +
SSO^
t
+ San xua't
SO3: 2SO2 + O2
y
>
2SO3
+ San xua't axit sunfuric: SO3
+ H2O H2SO4
4. Nhqn biet axit
sunfuric
va muoi
sunfat
-
Dung thudc thu la mudi bari (BaCl2 hay
Ba(N03)2),
nhan bie't axit
H2SO4
va mudi sunfat bang ke't tua BaS04 mau trdng.
Na2S0,
+ BaCl2 -> BaSO, i + 2NaCl
-

cua
bazo
-
BazP
lam quy tim chuyen thanh xanh, phenolphtalein khdng mau
chuy^n thanh mau do.
-
Tac dung vdi axit - Phan ling trung hoa: ,^
Cu(OH)2
+ H2SO,
^
CUSO4
+
2H2O
-
Dung dich bazo tac dung vdi oxit axit, tao thanh mudi va nude.
-
Dung dich bazo tac dung
vdi
dung dich mudi, tao thanh mudi mdi va
bazP
mdi.
Thi du:
Ba(0H)2
+ NajSO^ -> BaSO, i
+
2NaOH .
-
BazP
khdng tan bi nhiet phan tao oxit bazo va nude. Thi du:

FeCl3->
Fe(0H)3 ^ +
3NaCl
-
San xuat NaOH: Dien phan dung dich NaCl bao hoa cd mang ngan:
2NaCl +
2H20^!=_>2NaOH
+
CI2
t +
H2
t
2.
Canxi
hidroxit
(Ca(OH)2)
-
La chat ran mau trang, it tan trong nude. Dung dich bdo hod
Ca(0H)2
trong nude goi Id nicdc voi trong.
-
Canxi hidroxit cd day du nhung tinh cha't ehung cua mdt baza.
3.
Thang pH
Di bidu thi dd axit hoac dp baza ciia dung dich ngudi ta dung thang pH.
-
Nude ca't (nude tinh khiet)
va
cac dung djch trung tinh cd pH = 7.
-

CaCHCOj)^
2. Ten gpi cua
muoi
Ten mu6'i = ten kim loai (hoa tri) + ten g6'c axit.
r/H
JM Fe^CSOJj:
Sat(III)
sunfat.
CaCHCOj)^:
Canxi hidrocacbonat.
3.
Tinh
chdt
hoa hoc
- Tac dung vdi kim loai: Tao thanh mu6'i m6\a kim loai m6\. Thi du:
Zn +
2AgN03
Zn(NO,
\ 2Ag
4^
- Tac dung vdi axit: Tao thanh mu6'i mdi va axit mdi. Thi du:
AgNO,
+ HCl
AgCl
i +
HNO3
- Tac dung vdi
baza:
Tao thanh mu6'i mdi va
bazo

PbGl2
- Trong s6 cac mu6'i
cacbonat,
chi c6 mu6'i
cacbonat
cua kim loai kiem
tan
trong nu6c. Cac mu6'i
cacbonat
axit
(hidrocacbonat)
d^u de tan.
VIII.
PHAN
QNG
TRAO
061
1.
Ojnh
nghla
Phan ung trao ddi la phan ling hoa hoc, trong do hai cha't tham gia phan
iJng
trao ddi thanh phan vdi nhau d^ tao ra nhung hop chat mdri. Thi du:
Ba(N03
\
Na^CO,
-»
BaCO,
i +
2NaN03

bon don
Phan bon dan chi chira 1 trong 3 nguyen to dinh duang chi'nh la: dam (N),
lan
(P),
hoac
kali
(K).
-v-Vi
n ' r^t
- Phdn dam (chiia nita): Ure
(CO(NH2)2),
amoni
nitrat
(NH^NO,),
amoni sunfat
((NHJ^SO^)
- Phdn Idn (chiia photpho): Photphat tu nhien
(Ca3(P04)2),
supephotphat
don
iCa(H^PO^\
CaSO,),
supephotphat kep
(CaiU^PO,)^).
-Phdn kali: KC1,K2S04
2.
Phan
bon kep 0'
Phan bon kep chiia hai
hoac

tot (Ag dan dien t6t
nha't
roi den Cu, Al,
Fe ),
c6 anh kim.
- 6 dieu kien thudng, kim loai t6n tai d trang thai ran (tinh the), trCr Hg cf
trang thai long.
- Nhiet do nong
chay
rat
khac
nhau: t'^^(Hg) =
-30"C,
t",(W) =
3410"C
.
D6 cung cua kim loai cung rat
khac
nhau.
- Ngu6i ta con phan bi6t: kim
loai
den (Fe, Mn, Cr) va kim
loai
mdu (g6m
cac kim loai con lai).
II.
TINH
CHAT
HOA HOC
1. Tac dung v6l phi kim

nhiet
do
thudng:
Kim loai ki^m va ki^m th6 phan ung vdi HjO. ,
Thi du: Ca +
2Y{f>
Ca(0H)2 +0^1
- U
nhiet
do cao: Nhung kim loai dung trudrc hidro trong day
hoat
dong
hoa hoc phan ung vdi . Thi du:
Fe +
HjO—^FeO
+ Hj t
4. Tac dung v6i axit
- Tac
dung
vai
axit
thudng:
Nhung kim loai dung
tru6c
hidro phan ung
voi
axit, tao ra mu6'i va
gidi
phong
H2^.

hoat
d6ng va
hidroxit
cua
chung
c6 tinh
ludng
tinh, c6 th^ tac dung
vdri
dung dich ki^m. Thi du:
2A1 + 2KOH + 2H2O ^ 2KAIO2 +
3H2t
^ ;
6. Kim
loqi
mqnh day kim
logi
yeu ra khoi hop chdt
- Day ra
khoi
dung
dich
muoi.
Thi du:
Zn
+
CuSO^
ZnSO^
+ Cu 4^ -
- Day ra

hoat
d6ng hoa hoc ciia m6t so kim loai giam dan
Trong
day nay:
- Tijr trai
sang
phai, d6
hoat
d6ng cua kim loai giam dSn. '
- Chi nhung kim loai dung trudc H moi day dugfc Hj ra khoi dung dich axit.
- M6t s(5 kim loai dung dSu day nhu K, Na tac dung
duoc
vdfi
HjO, giai
phong H2.
- Kim loai dung trudc
(trir
K va Na) day dugfc kim loai dung sau ra khoi
dung dich mu6'i.
III.
NHOM
1.
Tinh
chdt vqt li
- Nhom la kim loai nhe, trdng nhu bac, t", =
660°
C.
- Nh6m rat deo, din dien, dSn nhiet tot. De tao thanh hop kim v6i cac kim
loai
khac.

2AI +
3CI2-^2A1C13
- Tdc
dung
vcfi
H^O: loai bo lop
AljO,
bao vS, Al tac dung vdi H2O:
2A1
+ 6H2O ^ 2Al(OH)3 + t
- Tdc
dung
vdi
axit:
Vdi axit thucmg va
HNO3
loang, nhdm phan
ting
manh.
Thidu:
2A1
+ 3H2SO, ^ A1,(S0,)3 + 1
8A1
+
3OHNO3
(loang) -> SAICNO,), + 3N2O +1 SH^O
- Tdc
dnng
vcd
dung

(SO, \ 3Cu
8
Al
+
3Fe30,
4
Al^O,
+ 9Fe
3.
San
xudt
nhdm
Dien
phan h6n hop nong
chay
cua
AljOj
va criolit:
2A1,03
"P"" >4Al + 30, T
IV. SAT
1.
TTnh
chdtvgt li
- sat m kim loai mau trang bac, = 1539°C. Sat c6
tinh
deo, dan
difin,
dan nhiet t6't.
- Sat CO

- Tdc
dung
vai phi kim: Sat tac dung
vdi
hSu he't cac phi
kim,
tao thanh mu6i.
Thidu:
2Fe
+
3Cl,—^2Fea3
- Tdc
dung
vai
nude:
CJ nhiet d6
thudmg:
Xay ra cham, tao thanh Fe(OH)2 r6i chuye'n thanh FeO.
6 nhiet dd cao (sat ndng do):
Fe + H,0
>FeO
+ H, t
3Fe + 4H,Q
)Fe30,
+
AE.^
t
- Tdc
dung
vcfi

Fe, +
CuSO,
->
FeSO,
+C\ii
V. HOP KIM CUA SAT
1.
Gang
Gang
la hap kim cua sat va
cacbon
(2-5%)
va mot so
nguyen
to
khdc
nhu Si, Mn,S Gang cung va gion hon sat.
Gang CO hai loai: Gang trdng
dting
d^ luyen thep. Gang xam dung 6i due
be may.
2.
Thep
Thep
la hap kim cua sat va
cacbon
(<
2%)
va mdt
sd'nguyen

logi.
1.
NhQng yeu to anh hudng den sa an mon kim
loqi
- Anh hucmg cua cac
chat
cd trong m6i tnrcfng.
- Anh hucmg ciia thanh phSn kim loai.
- Anh hucmg cua nhiet
dd.
'
2.
Bao v$ kim
loqi
khong
bj an mon
- Ngan khdng cho kim loai tie'p xuc vdi mdi trudng: son, trang men, bdi
dSuma, ma dien
! - Che' tao hop kim ft bi an mon: thep khdng gi (inox), thep crom Them
chftiJcche'anmon.

Chirong
3
PHI KIM - SO LJOC VE
BANG
TUAN
HOAN
CAC
NGUYEN
TO HOA HOC

dan
dien,
dSn
nhiet
ra't
kem. Nhiet
d6
nong
chay
tha'p.
2.
Tinh
chdt
hoa hoc
-
Tdc dung vcfi kim
loai:
Tao
thanh mu6'i.
Thi du:
Fe +
S—5%FeS
-
Tdc dung vai kim oxi: Tao
thanh oxit axit.
Thi du:
S + O2—^^SOj
-
Tdc dung vai hidro: Tao
thanh

Tinhchdtvqtli
-
Clo la cha't
khi
mau
vang
luc,
nang
hon
khdng khi.
-
Clo
It
tan
trong nude. Dung dich
clo tan
trong
nu6c goi la nude clo.
-
Qo la chat
khi
rat d6c,
khi
thd
nhi^u
clo se bi
ngat
va c6
thd
dan

H6n
hop gom
CI2, HCl, HCIO
tan
trong
nu6c goi la nitdc clo.
Nu6c
clo c6
tinh
tdy
mau la do
HCIO khong
ben,
khi
bi
ehieu
sang no
phan
huy:
HClO^^HCl
+ 0
Oxi
nguyen tu
c6
tinh
oxi hoa ra't
manh,
no t^y mau,
diet trung.
-

+
6K0H
—5%.
KCIO3
+
5KC1
+ mp
-
Day
brom,
iot ra
khoi
muoi:
Cl2+2KBr^2KCl
+
Br2
3.
Oleucheclo
a) Dieu che'clo trong phong thi
nghiem
Diing
chat
oxi
hoa
manh nhu Mn02, KMn04 d^
oxi hoa
dung dich
HQ dac.
Thidu:
4HC1

CACBON
1. Cac
dqng
thu
hinh
cua
cacbon
Hien
tucfng
m6t
nguyen
t6' hoa hoe ton tai cf m6t s6'
dang
don chat khae
nhau
goi la
hien
tuang thii hinh.
Cdc
dang
dan
chdt
khdc
nhau
cua cung mot nguyen to hod hoc goi Id cdc
dang
thii hinh ciia nguyen to do.
Nguyen
t6 cacbon (C) t6n tai
or

3.
Tinh
chdt
hoa hoc
6 nhiet do thucmg, cacbon kha
tro.
Khi
d6't
nong no phan img vdi nhi^u cha't. •
- Tdc dung vai oxi: C + —^ CO,
- Tdc dung voi
kim
logi. Cacbon tac dung vdi m6t
s6'
kim loai. Thi dii:
Ca + 2C >CaC; (canxi cacbua)
- Tdc dung vai
oxit
kim
logi. Cacbon khii duoc nhi^u oxit kim loai. Thi dii:
2CuO
+
C—^2Cu
+
CO2
T
- Tdc dung voi hidro. Tao thanh metan:
C + 2H, >CH,
IV.
CAC

la oxit axit: Tac dung
vdi
nude, tac dung
vdi
bazo va tac dung
vdri
oxit bazcr.
- Dieu chekhi CO2: Cho da v6i (CaCO,) tac dung vdi axit HCl: f
CaCO, +
2HC1
->
CaCIj
+CO^"[
+
H^O
V.
AXIT
CACBONIC
VA
MUOl
CACBONAT
1.
Axit
cacbonic (H2CO3)
- Axit H2CO3 la axit khong ben, dl bi phan h6y: ' '' .
HjCO,
^HjO + COj t
- La axit yS'u nen nhigu axit day dugc axit HjCO, ra khoi mu6'i cacbonat.
Thidu:
CaCO,

+ CO, T
+
H,0
VI.
SILIC -
CONG
NGHIEP
SILICAT
1.
Trqng
thai ta nhien
cua
silic
Trong tu nhien, silic khdng tdn tai d trang thai tu do, tdn tai d dang hgp
chat, pho bien la: thach anh Si02, dat set trang (cao lanh) Al2O3.2siO2.2H2O.
2.
Tinh
chdt cua
silic
- Silic la cha't rSn, mau xam, khd ndng chay, dSn dien kem. Silic Id chdt
ban dan.
- Silic la phi kim hoat ddng ye'u: Khdng phan ling vdi
H2
va dung dich
axit loang.
- Silic phan ung tuong dd'i manh vdi dung djch kiim:
Si + 2NaOH +
H20^Na2Si03+2H2
tic '
- 6 nhiet dd cao, silic phan ling dugc vdi:

CaSi03
- SiOj tan trong axit flohidric:
SiOj
+
4HF
^
SiF,
t +
2H2O
Phan
ling
nay dugc iJng dung
de
khac
chiJ,
khac
hinh
tren
thuy
tinh.
4.
So
lapc
ve
cong
nghiep
silicat
Cong nghiep silicat
gom: San
xua't

nung cr nhiet
do cao
trong 16 gom.
b) Sdn xudt
xi
mdng
- Nguyen lieu
gom: Da
voi, da't set, cat
(SiOj
iSn tap chat).
-
Cac
cong doan chinh:
+ Nghien nho
da
v6i roi
tron
v6i da't set dang
biin
thanh m6t h6n hgfp.
+ Nung h6n hop trong 16
6
1300
-
1400"C, thu dugc clanhke ran.
+ Nghien clanhke ngu6i
vdri
thach
cao

tinh
thircmg
la
NajSiO,
va
CaSiO,.
De'
c6
thuy
tinh
chiu
nhiet
can
them
bo
oxit
(B2O3),
thiiy
tinh
quang
hgc pha le
th6m
chi
monooxit
(PbO)
hoac
bari
oxit
(BaO).
VII.

6
nguyen
to: M6i
nguydn t6'
hoa hgc
dugc x^'p
vao
m6t
6.
Trong
m6i
6
nguyen
to
ghi:
ki
hieu
hoa
hgc, ten nguyen t6', s6' hieu nguyen tir (thu: tu
cua
6) va
nguyen
tur
kh6'i.
^
Chu
ki nho
j
Chu
kl

3
CO
8 nguye
n
t6'
Chu
ki
4 va
5
CO
18 nguyen t6'
Chu
ki
6 va
7
CO
32 nguyen t6'
(Chu ki
7
chua tim du 32 nguyen t6',
day la
chu ki dang
xay
dung).
* '
c)
Nhom
Nhom
gom cac
nguyen

tudn
tioan
ve
cdu
tqo
va
tinti
ctidt
- Trong
mot chu ki
theo chieu tang dan cua dien
tich
hat nhan:
+ So' electron
Idrp
ngoai ciing tang din ttr 1 de'n
8
(trir
chu ki
1).
+ Tinh kim loai giam din,
tinh
phi kim tang din. ,,
^
- Trong
mot
nhom tix tren xu6'ng dud'v.
+
So'
Idfp

tri ciia nguyen t6' trong bang
tuan
hoan
va
tinh
cUat
cua
nguyen
to.
Chircmg
4
HIDROCACBON
-
NHIEN
LIEU
v4
I.
KHAI
NIEM
VE HOP
CHAT
HUTU
CO
-
H(/p chat km ca la hap chat
ci'ia
cacbon
(triT
CO, COj,
HjCO^

CHAT
HCU
CO
I
1. Hoa trj va
lien
ket
giCra
cac
nguyen
tCf
-
Trong phan tu hop chat huu co, cac nguyen tir diroc sSp
xfi'p
theo trat tu
nhat dinh.
-
Cac nguyen tu trong phan tir
lien
ket vai nhau theo
diing
hoa tri cua
chiing:
Hoa tri
ciia
C la
IV,
cua H la I va cua O la
II.
2.

CH2
- CH3
CH3
CH3
-
Mgch vdng (vong ba canh
hoac
nhieu canh). Thi dii:
CH2-CH2
I I (xiclobutan)
CH2
-
CH2
3.
Cong
thijfc
phan
tu
va
cong
thCfc
cdu
tqo
-
Cong
thi'fc
phan
li((CTPT):
Cong thirc phSn tir cho biet:
+

khd'i.
+
Trat tu
lien
ket
gifla
cac nguyen
tir
trong phan
tijr.
"
Thi
dii:
CTCT
ciia
ruou
etylic:
H-H
• '
H
- C - C - O -
H,
vie't gon:
CH,
-
CH^
- OH ^
H-H
,H-^-••;':>
III.

lijra
mau xanh va toa nhieu nhiet.
CH4
+
2O2
—^COj +
2H2O
+ Q
-
Tdc diing vai clo - Phan i(ng the:
Phan
ling
xay ra khi dugc chieu
sang.
CH,
+
CL
-^CH,C1 +
HCl
Clo CO
the Ian luot the he't 4 nguyen tir
H,
tao thanh
CCI4.
.
3. Qng
dung
cua
metan
-

khac la phan
ling
c6ng (vao
lien
ket ddi).
-
Phan ling cong hap hidro:
Phan
ling
xay ra khi dugfc dun n6ng va c6 Ni
xiic
t5c:
CH2=CH2
+
)CH3-CH3
(etan)
-
Phan
I'fng
cgng brom: Etilen lam mat mau dung dich
nude
brom 6
nhifit
d6 thucmg:
CH2=CHj
+
Bii
>CH,Br-CH,Br
(dibrometan)
-

etilen
-
Dung lam nguyen
lieu
trong tong hop
hiru
co.
-
Dung de
kich
thich hoa qua mau chin.
V.
AXETILEN (C2H2, M = 26)
Axetilen
la
chat
khi khong mau, khong
miii,
it tan trong nirdc, nhe hon
khdng khi.
1. Tinh
chdt
hoa hoc
Axetilen
la hidrocacbon khdng no nSn
tinh
chat
dac trimg la tham gia
phan
ling

xay ra khi c6 mud'i HgS04 xuc tac:
CH
= CH + H,0
"^-""^
>CH3 - CHO
(andehit axetic)
-
Phan
i'mg
chdy:
Phan
ting
chay
cho ngon
lijra
mau xanh va toa nhieu nhiet:
2C2H2+5O2—^4C02+2H20
+ Q
2.
Lfng
dung
cue
oxetllen
-
Dung lam nhien
lieu
cho den xi oxi - axetilen.
-
Diing
lam nguyen

Benzen nhe hon
nude,
khong tan trong
nude,
nhung tan nhieu trong cac
dung m6i hiJu co.
-
Benzen la dung moi hoa tan
dugc
nhieu
chat
nhu cao su,
cha't
beo
-
Benzen kha doc.
2. Tinh
chdt
hoa hoc
Phan
tu
benzen
co 3 lien kit dan xen ke 3 lien ke't doi, lam cho
benzen
vCra
CO
kha
nang
tham gia
phan

cua
benzen
-
Dung lam nguyen
lieu
trong
edng
nghiep de' san xua't phdm nhu6m,
duoc
pham,
chat
deo,
thuoe
trir
sau
,j6
; •
-
Dung lam dung m6i hoa tan nhieu
cha't.
'
"
1
VII.
DAU MO VA KHI
THIEN
NHIEN
1.
Ddu
mo

dot, xdng, ddu tliap (ddu
liCa),
ddu diezen, ddu
mazut.
Phan
con lai sau khi chung ca't la mazut. Tir mazut tach dugc: ddu nhcfn,
vazolin,
parafin. Cudi cung la hdc in dung lam
nhua
rai ducmg.
2.
KhT
thien
nhien
-
Khi thien nhien cd trong cac md khi nam dudi long dat. Thanh phdn chu
yeu cua khi thien nhien la
metan
(90 - 95%).
-
Khf thien nhien
dugc
dung lam nhien
lieu,
nguyen
lieu
cho nhieu
nganh
cdng nghigp va trong ddi
sd'ng.

Nhien lieu ran: Than md, gd
-
Nhien lieu long: Gom cac san pham che' bie'n i\x dau mo (xang, ddu
thap), c6n.
-
Nhien lieu khi: Gdm khi thien nhien, khi dau mo, khi 16 cao, khi than.
2. Cach
su
dung
nhien
lieu
Mudn
sir dung nhien
lieu
hgp If va cd hieu qua cao cdn phai:
-
Cung cap du oxi
hoac
khdng khi de nhien
lieu
chay
hoan
toan.
-
Tang dien
tich
tie'p xuc cHa nhien
lieu
vdi khdng khi
hoac

li a ,
rv
Ul
>£
-
La
cha't
Idng, khdng mau, sdi b
78,3'^C.
-
Rugu etylic nhe hon
nude,
tan v6 hgn trong mcac va la dung mdi hoa tan
dugc
nhi^u hgp
chat
hdu co.
-
Ti le % ve the tich cua
rUffu
etylic trong hSn hop vdi nitdc ggi Id do ricau.
Till
du: Tren chai rugu cd ghi do rugu la 25", cd nghia trong chai rucm cd 25%
th^
tich
la rugu etylic (nguyen cha't) con lai la 75% the
tich
la HjO.
2.
Tinh

luTu
co:
Phan
ung
este
hoa (xem phdn sau). Y
3.
Dieu
Che
rupu
etylic
Co 2 phuong
phap
quan
trong:
-
Plutang phdp len men
rifcni
tit cac chat tinh bot, tiCcdc chat ducng. Thi du:
QH.,0,
) 2C,H,OH + 2CO,t
(dircmg
glucoza)
Phuang phdp hidrat hod etilen (etilen hgp nude):
HjO
+
CHj
=CH,-^^^
CH3
- CHj - OH

2CH3COOH
+ Zn ^
(CHjCOO)^
Zn +
H2
t
- Tac dung vdi oxit
baza
va
baza,
tao mu6'i va nude:
2CH3COOH
+ CaO ^ (CHjCOO)^ Ca + H^O
CH3COOH
+ NaOH ^ CHjCOONa + HjO
- Tac dung
vori
mu6'i
cacbonat,
tao mu6'i
axetat:
2CH,COOH +
CaCO,
-> (CH^COO)^ Ca + CO^ t + H^O
- Tac dung vdd rugu etylic -
Phan
I'fng
este
hod.
Phan

tac dung \6\t
H2SO4:
2CH3COONa + H^SO, ->
Na^SO^
+
2CH3COOH
- Trong
cong
nghiep:
Til khi butan (C4H,(i):
2C,H,„ + 50, )4CH3COOH + 2Kfi
III. CHAT BEO
Chat beo chinh la chinh la mo ddng vat va dau thuc vat.
1.
Tinh
chdt vqt IT
Chat beo nhe han mdc, khong tan trong nirdrc, tan nhi^u trong cac dung
moi
hCru co nhu
benzen,
xang, rucm etylic
2.
TTnh
chdt hoa hoc
- Chat beo la h6n hop nhieu
este
cua glixerol
C3H,(OH)3
va cac axit beo
nhu

cua axit beo.
(C,7H3,COO)3C3H, + 3NaOH ^ C3H,(OH)3 +
3C„H3,COONa
(muoi
natri
stearat)
Hdn
hap mu6'i ciia cac axit beo la thanh phdn chinh cua xa phong. Vi vay
phan
ting
thuy phan
cha't
beo bang dung dich ki^m goi la
phan
iing xd
phdng
hod.
- De Idu
trong
khong
khi,
chdt
beo hi 6i, co mid hoi. Do la do tac dung
cfia h(ri nude, oxi va vi khu^n trong khong khf.
IV. GLUCOZO
C6ng
thu-c phan
tijr:
C^HiA
(M = 180).

trong cong
nghe
trang gucfng ntn goi la
phan
icng
trdng
gUffng.
Hien nay pham vi ung dung da mb rdng, goi chung la
phan
ling
trdng
bqc.
-
Phan
i(ng len men ritmi: * .tsV
QH^O,
—^ )2C,H,0H + 2C0, t ^ ,
V. SACCAROZO
Cdng thiic phan tCr:
Ci2H220,i
(M = 342).
1.
Trgng
thai ta nhien -
TTnh
chdt vgt IT '
-
Saccarozd
cd nhieu trong thuc vat nhu: mia, cii cai dudng, cay thd't nd't
nfin

thuy
phan:
(saccarozo)
(glucozo)
(fructozd)
Fructozo cd cdng thiic ca'u tao
khac
glucozo.
Fructoza
ngot hdn glucozo.
VI.
TINH
BOT
VA
XENLULOZO
Cong
thiic
phan tu:
-
Tinh
b6t:
(QH,„0,)n
vdi n = 1200 - 6000. ''^'^ ' \
-
Xenlulozo:
(QH,„0,)„
v6i n = 10000 - 14000.
1. Trgng
thai
ta

Phan I'fng thiiy phan:
Tinh
b6t va xenlulozo bi thuy phan trong dung
dieh
H2SO4
loang, tao thanh glucozo:
(QH.„03)„
+ nH,0
)nQH„0,
-
Phan itng dgc tritng cua iot vdi tinh hot: Nho dung dieh iot
(I2)
vao
tinh
bdt thay xua't hien mau xanh dae trung. Dun nong, mau xanh bien ma't, de ngu6i
mau xanh lai xua't
hifn.
VII.
PROTEIN
Protein (con goi la chat dam) la thanh phSn chinh cua te bao ca th^ d6ng
vat va thuc vat.
1.
Thanh
phdn
va
cdu
too
phan
tCf
-

icng
thuy
phdn:
Protein + H^O
"'"•"^'^^
> H6n hop amino axit
-
Su dong tu: Khi dun nong, protein dong tu lai thanh cue. Thi du: Long
trang trung hay rieu cua khi bi dun nong chiing d6ng tu lai.
-
Suphdn huy nhiet: DO't nong protein (thi du d6't chay toe, I6ng ga) no bi
phan
hiiy,
tao ra nhimg cha't khi c6 mui khet.
VIII.
POLIME
-
Polime Id nhiing hap chdt c6 phdn tit khoi rat Idn, do nhieu mdt
xich
lien
kei vdi nhau tao nen.
-
Diia
vao nguon g6'c tao thanh, polime dugc chia lam hai
loai:
Polime
thien
nhien: Co sSn trong thien nhien nhu
tinh
b6t, xenlulozo,

PE, xenlulozo; mach phdn nhdnh nhu
tinh
b6t; mgng khong gian nhu eao su
luu
hoa.
2.
Tinh
chdt
-
Polime thucmg la chat ran, kh6ng bay hoi. Kh6ng c6 nhiet d6 nong
ehay
xac dinh.
-
Win he't cac polime khdng tan trong
nude
hoac
trong cac dung mdi
thdng thudng.
C5
nhiet d6 eao, polime de bi phan
hiiy.
3.
iTng
dung
cua
polime
a) Chdtdeo
Chdt
deo la
loai

Tff hod hgc: San xua't bang cac phuong
phap
hoa hgc. To hoa hgc gdm
2
loai:
to nhan tao va to tdng hgp.
Tc/
nhdn tgo (con ggi la to ban tdng hgp)
duge
san xua't tfr cac pohnie
thien
nhien bang phugng
phap
ehe' bie'n hoa hgc. Thi du mdt s6' to
duge
che bien
hoa hgc
tiit
xenlulozo nhu to visco, tg
axetat
T(/
tSng hap
duge
san xua't tir cac polime tdng hgp nhu to
nilon,
to capron,
lentdnghgp
c) Cao su
Cao su la
polime

duoc
la'y tii mu
(nhua)
cay cao su.
+ Cao su
tong
hop
duoc
san xua't tijr polime t6ng hop nhu cao su
buna
(tdng hop tir ruou etylic).
De tang ti'nh dan hoi va nhung tinh
nSng
quy
khac,
ngucfi ta ch6' hoa cao
su vdi luu huynh de
duoc
cao su htu hod.
Cao su
CO
nhi^u tinh
chat
quy nhu dan h6i, khOng tha'm nude, khdng tha'm
khi,
each,
difin,
chiu mai mon ntn
duoc
diing nhilu trong dofi

1.2. Ne'u dung dung dich KOH lam
thuO'c
thir thi phan
biet
dugc
2 dung dich
mu6'i nao trong cac cap
sau?
A. KCl va
Ba(N03)2.
B.
CaCl2
va
K2SO4.
C. NaCl va Zn(N03)2. D.
FeCl,
va
Na2S04.
1.3.
Phan
tir kh6'i cua hop
chat
X la 80 va thanh phdn % vl khO'i lucmg cac
nguyen t6' trong hop
chat
X la: 40% S, 60% O (oxi).
C6ng
thiic phan tu cua hop
cha't
X la

che'
dugc
cac
chat
khi:
A.
SO2,
H2S,
O2,
CI2.
B. CO2,
H2,
H2S,
02-
C. CO2, SO2, O2,
CI2.
D. SO2,
H2S,
CO2, H2.
1.7. phan biet hai dung dich
H2SO4
va
NaOH
c6 thi dung thuO'c thu la
A.
giay quy tim. B. dung dich
KCl.
; •
C.
dung

CO2,
CO. B.
SO2,
CO2,
SO3.
C.
NO2,
CO,
SO2,
CO2.
D.
NO2,
H2,
CO2.
1.10. Dan
tur
tir
0,448
lit khi CO2 (d dkic) vao
dung
dich
chiia 150ml
dung
dich
Ca(0H)2 0,1M.
Mu6'i
thu duoc la
A.
CaCOj. B. Ca(HC03)2.
C. CaC03 va Ca(HC03)2. D. Ca A, B, C d6u

H2SO4
loang, tao ra h6n hop hai
muoi
la
A.
AI2O3.
B. FeO.
C. ZnO. D.
Fe304.
1.13.
Oxit
CO
tinh
chat
luomg
ti'nh
la
A.
CuO. B.
AI2O3.
C.
Fe203.
D. CaO.
1.14. Cho
phuofng
trinh
hoa hoc
H2SO4 + X ^ BaS04
i+
+ Y t

1.16. Co ba mu6'i la BaClj,
CUSO4,
BaCOj dung trong ba lo bi mat nhan.
Chi
dung m6t
thuoc
thijr
duy nhat de nhan bie't ba muoi
tr6n
la dung dich
A.
NaOH.
B.NaCl.
C.
K2SO4.
D.
HCl.
-
1.17. Cho chu6i bien hoa sau:
Cu(0H)2
—^ A-> B->
CuSO,
^^Cu(0H)2
Cac
chat
A, B, C Mn lugt la '
A.
CuO, Cu,
NaOH.
B. Cu, CuO, Na2S04.

1.20. Nhung
oxit
eo
th^
di6u
che'
dugc
tCr
phan ling phan huy la
•
j
A.
CuO, FeO,
NajO.
B. CuO,
Fe203,
MgO . ? > '
C.
K2O,
ZnO,
AI2O3.
D.
NajO,
CuO, FeO.
1.21. Day hop
chat
gom cac
chat
tham gia phan ung nhiet phan la
A.

~
?
A.
Cu,
HCl,
NaOH.
B. CuO,
HCl,
NaOH.
;
C. Cu,
H2SO4
(d.n),
KOH.
D. Ca B va C deu dugc.
1.24.
TrSn
dung djch chiia 0,2 mol
CuClj
vdi dung dich chiia 20 gam
NaOH.
Khd'i
lucfng ket tua thu duoc la (biet hieu
suat
phan
ling
la 80%)
A.
19,6 gam. B. 17,20 gam.
C. 15,68 gam. D. 14,84 gam.

trong do
%X
= 52,94%. Cong
thiic
phan tu cua
hidroxit
la
A.
Fe(0H)3.
B.
A1(0H)3.
C.
Cr(OH)3. D.
Mn(0H)3.
1.27. Cap dung dich nao sau day phan ung vdi nhau tao
ra
hop cha't mdi?
A.
NaCl va
H2SO4.
B.
BaCl2
va
HNO3.
C.
CaCl2
va
K2SO4.
D.
KNO3

loai
X la
A.
natri.
B.
canxi.
C. ddng. D. magie.
1.30. Nhiet phan hoan toan 10 gam canxi
cacbonat,
thu duoc chat ran A.
Cho A vao
nude
va khua'y cho tan het, thu duoc 800 ml dung dich X.
Ndng
dd mol cua dung dich X
1&
A.
0,125M. B. 1,25M.
C. 0,10M. D. 1,32M.
1.31. Sue khi
CO2
vao 80 gam dung dich NaOH 25%, tao thknh hdn hop
mudi
axit va mudi trung hoa theo ti 16 sd
mol
la 2 : 3.
Th^
tich
khi
CO2

hoa hoc cua
oxit
sat.
b)
Chat khi sinh ra duoc dSn vao dung djch
nude
vdi trong du. Hay
tinh
khdi
lugng kdt tua sinh ra.
1.33. Hai la kem cd
khdi
luong nhu nhau, mdt la ngam trong dung dich
Cu(N03)2,
mdt la ngam trong dung djch Pb(N03)2. Sau mdt
thdi
gian phan
ling
nhu
nhau, lay hai la kem ra
khdi
dung dich, can la kem
thii
nhat thay
khdi
luong
giam 0,65 gam.
a)
Vidt
cac phuong

lugng mdi kim
loai
trong hdn hop dau.
c)
Bang phuong
phap
hoa hoc nao cd the lay rieng Fe ra
khdi
hdn
hop?
1.35. Mdt dung djch hoa tan 3,25 gam sat clorua tac dung vdi dung dich
bac nitrat du, sinh ra 8,61 gam ket tua.
Hay
tim cdng
thiic
phan tir cua mudi sat da dung.
1.36.
Khir
hoan toan 16 gam
oxit
sat bang khi CO d nhiet dd cao. Sau khi
phan
ling
kdt
thiic,
khdi
lugng cha't ran giam 4,8 gam.
a)
Tim
cdng

AgN03
0,24M.
Sau mdt
thdi
gian phan
ling,
lay la nhdm ra, rCra
sach,
lam kho,
can lai thay
khdi
lugng la nhdm tang them 2,79 gam.
a)
Viet
phuong
trinh
hoa hoc.
b)
Tinh
khdi
lugng nhdm da phan
ling
va lugng bac sinh ra.
c)
Tinh
ndng dd mol cua cac cha't trong dung dich sau phan
ling
(the
tich
dung dich thay ddi khdng dang ki).

nao?
Giai thich va viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc.
1.41.
Khdi lugng ciia 5 lit khi A (dktc) la 7,59 gam. Dot 3,4 gam khi A, thu
dugc 2,24 lit khi luu huynh dioxit (dktc) va 1,8 gam nude.
a) Tim cdng thiic hoa hgc cua A.
b) Vie't cac phuong trinh hoa hgc.
c) Ti'nh the tich oxi (dktc) cSn thiet de dot chay hoan toan 5 lit khi A.
Chirong
2
KIM
LOAI
( /
I TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN
2.1. Day gdm cac kim loai dugc xep theo chilu tinh hoat ddng hoa hgc tang
dAn:
A. Na, Zn, K, Pb, Cu. B. Cu, Pb, K, Na, Zn.
C. Cu, Pb, Zn, Na, K. D. Cu, Na, Pb, Zn, K.
2.2.
Day gdm nhirng kim loai deu khdng phan ling vdi dung dich axit
H2SO4 loang la
A. Fe, Cu, Al. B. Cu, Ag, Au.
C. Ag, Zn, Al. C. Fe, Au, Zn.
2.3.
Cho phuong trinh hoa hgc:
Al
+
X^Cui + Y
X va Y lin lugt la
A. CUSO4 va Al2(S04)3. B. AlCl, va CUSO4.

Thudc thijr
de'
phan biet ba chat trdn tren la ^ ^
A. kim loai Cu. B. dung djch NaOH du.
C. dung dich HCl. D. dung djch H2SO4 dac.
2.9.
Cap chat nib sau day khong t6n tai trong dung dich?
A.
NaOH va
K2CO3.
B.
KOH
va
CUSO4.
C.
CaCO,
va
HCl.
D.
Ca
B
va C. /
2.10.
Co cac
kirn
loai:
Ba, Cu, Fe,
Al
va Na. Nhung
kirn

Zn tac dung vdi nude.
2.12.
Hop chat
oxit
cua kim
loai
X hoa tri
III,
trong do kim
loai
X chie'm
52,94%
\6
khO'i
lugng.
Oxit
nay c6 kha nang phan ung vdi cap cha't nao sau
day?
A.
Dung dich
HCI
va dung dich
KOH.
B.
Nudrc
va dung dich
NaOH.
C. Dung dich
H2SO4
loang va dung dich

het vdi dung dich axit
H2SO4
du, thu dugc 2,24 lit khi H2 (d dktc). Biet hieu
sua't
phan ling bang
100%.
Kim
loai
M la
A.
crom. B. sat.
C. nhdm. D. mangan.
2.15.
Cho mdt thanh kem cd
khdi
lugng 50 gam vao dung djch dong sunfat.
Sau mdt
thdi
gian phan
ling
ket
thiic,
khdi
lugng la kem la
49,82
gam.
Khd'i
lugng kem da phan
ting
la

trong do ndng do
ciia
muoi
tao thanh la 11,96% (theo
j^hd'i
lucmg).
Kim
loai
X la
A.
nhdm. B. canxi.
C. mangan. D. dong.
2.18.
Hoa tan mdt lugng du bdt nhdm vao 200 ml dung dich
H2SO4
IM.
Sau
khi
phan ung xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc 3,36
lit
khi
H2
(d dktc).
Hieu
sua't
cua phan ung la
A.
80,12%. C. 75,0%.
C.
70,64%.

2.21.
Dien phan hoan toan 2,55 gam bdt nhdm
oxit
ndng chay. Khi thu
dugc du dot chay he't lugng cacbon la >•{ .
A.
0,35 gam.
B.
0,45 gam. >ii)^ '
C. 0,56 gam. D. 0,46 gam.
2.22.
Cho 200 ml dung dich axit sunfuhidric
H2S
IM phan ung hoan toan
vdi
300 ml dung dich NaOH
IM.
Dung dich thu dugc cd cac chat ,^ , ,
A.
NaHS va
NaOH.
B. NajS va
NaOH.
,}
A}Ll
C. NaHS va Na2S. D. NaHS, Na2S va NaOH.
2.23.
Cho X gam
MgCO,
phan ung vdi dung dich HCI du. Cho toan bd khi

nong chay.
D.
hoa tan
AljO,
bang dung dich
HCl,
r6i di6n phan dung dich
AICI3.
2.25. Co the dieu che canxi bang phuong phap
A.
dung Na day
Ca
ra khoi
CaCl2
nong chay.
B.
dung khi
CO
hoac khi
H2
kbit
CaO
d nhiet
dd
cao.
C.
nhiet phan CaO 6 nhiet do cao. ^
D.
dien phan
CaCl2

khd'i
lugng bgt sat con lai
la
8,6 gam.
Gia
tri cua x la
A.
0,15. B.0,10.
C.
0,25. D. 0,28.
2.29. Hoa tan 3,2 gam oxit
X2O,
bang mot lugng
vijra
du dung dich
H2SO4
10%,
thu dugc dung dich mu6'i sunfat c6 nong d6 12,9%.
Cong
thiic phan
tCr
cua oxit la
A.
AI2O3.
B.
Cr203.
C.
Mn203. D. Fe203.
2.30. De dilu che
natri

0,5M can de trung hoa
axit
du la
A.
180
ml.
B. 200
ml.
'.r
C.
360
ml.
D. 320 ml.
2.32. X la dung
dich
chiia
0,1 mol
AICI3
va Y la dung
dich
chiia
0,32 mol
NaOH.
D6 tir tit Y vao X.
Khoi
lugng ke't
tiia
thu dugc khi d6 he't Y vao X la
A.
7,8 gam. B. 6,24 gam. ,

dung
dich
thay doi khong dang ke.
2.34. Dot chay hoan toan 7,2 gam than d nhiet d6
thich
hgp, thu dugc h6n
hgp
khi
A gom CO2 va CO.
Dan
h6n hgp khi A vao 6'ng dung CuO (du) nung nong. Khi phan
ling
xong,
cho toan bg lugng khi thu dugc vao
nu6c
v6i trong (lay du), thu dugc a
gam ke't tua.
a)
Vie't
cac phuong
trinh
hoa hgc.
b)
Tinh
a.
2.35. Nung 3,1 gam
tinh
the
natri
cacbonat ngam nudrc den

Viet
phuong
trlnh
hoa hgc.
b)
Tinh
thanh phSn % theo
khoi
lugng cua
m6i
oxit
kim
loai
trong h6n hgp.
2.37. Hgp chat huu co A c6 thanh phSn theo
khoi
lugng cac nguyen t6' nhu
sau: 53,33%C, 15,55%H va 31,12%N.
a) Xac
dinh
cong
thiic
phan tir cua A.
Biet
rang hgp chat nay c6 phan tir
khg'i
bang 45 dvC.
b)
Cho bie't
nito

0,75M,
tha'y xua't hien m gam ket tua
trSng.
Tinh m.
2.39. Ci di^u kien
chuin
3,36 h't h6n hop khi g6m
metan
va etilen c6 kh6i
luang 3 gam.
a) Ti'nh thanh ph^n
phSn
tram cua cac
cha't
c6 trong hdn hop
theo
the
tich
va
theo
khd'i
luong.
b) Khi dan 1,68 lit h6n hop khi nay di qua dung dich nudfc brom, nhan
thay dung dich bi
nhat
mau va
khdi
lucmg binh
chiJa
dung dich nay tang them

Biet
rang cac the' tich deu do d dktc.
2.41. Hdn hgp khi A gdm CO va mot
hidrocacbon.
De ddt
chay
hoan
toan
6,72 lit khi A dung het 39,2 lit khdng khi.
Phan
ung tao thanh 8,96 lit CO2 va
1,8 gam H2O.
Xac dinh cdng thirc phan tii cua
hidrocacbon
va thanh phan tram
theo
the tich cac khi cd trong hdn hgp A.
Biet
rang oxi
chiem
20% the tich khdng
khf, cac the ti'ch khi do d dktc.
2.42. Ddt
chay
3 gam mdt
chat
huu cof A, thu
dugc
6,6 gam CO2 va 3,6
gam H2O.

A. CI2 va NaOH. B.
Fe203
va CO.
C. CI2 va O2. D. CO2 va
CaCOH),.
3.2. Hgp
cha't
X la oxit cua
cacbon,
trong phan
tijf
chiia
57,14%
oxi ve
khdi
lugng. Khd'i lugng mol ciia X la 28 gam.
Cdng thiic phan tit oxit X la:
A.CO2. B.CO.
C. C2O. D.
C2O3.
3.3. Hay
chgn
cau cd ndi dung sai trong cac cau sau:
A. Phi kim cd the phan ung vdi
nhieu
kim loai.
B. Phi kim cd the phan ung vdi phi kim
khac.
C. Nude
Gia-ven

CO2, CO va hai nude. De thu khi nita nguyen
chat
cin diing phuang phap
hoa hoc:
A. Ddt
chay
hdn hgp.
B. Cho hdn hgp qua nude vdi trong.
C. Ddt
chay
hdn hgp rdi cho san ph^m iSn lugt qua nude vdi trong va
axit H2SO4 dac.'
D.
Cho hdn horp qua CaO mdi san xua't. \
3.7.
Nhan
dinh nao sau day la dung
nhat?
, |
A.
Cacbon
la
cha't
khir.
B.
Cacbon
la
cha't
oxi hoa.
C.

B.
SiOj
+ 4HC1 ^ SiCl^ T + 2Ufi
C. CI2
+H20^HC1
+ HC10
D. 3CO + Fe^ 0, ^ 2Fe + SCO^ T
3.10. Cho phuong
trinh
phan iJng:
4C + Fe30,—^? + ?
Hoan thanh phuong
trinh
phan ung va cho bie't
cacbon
trong phuong
trinh
dong vai tro gi?
A. Nhien lieu dot chay la'y nhiet. B. Chat oxi hoa.
C.
Cha't
khii
va
chat
oxi hoa. D.
Cha't
khir.
3.11.
Hay chon nhan dinh sai trong nhung nhan dinh sau:
A. C6ng nghiep silicat gom san xuat dd gdm sii, thuy

3.13. Cac nguyen td
dugc
sap xdp trong bang tuSn hoan cd nhung dac
Aiim:
A. Dien
tich
hat nhan nguyen t^ tang dSn.
B. Sd Idp electron trong nguyen t^ bang sd
thiJ
tu cua chu ki.
C. Sd electron Idp ngoai cung ciia nguyen tii bang sd
thii
tu ciia nhdm A.
D. Ca A, B, C d^u diing.
3.14. Cho 12,8 gam
kirn
loai
hoa tri II tac dung vdi khi clo du, thu dugc
27 gam mudi.
Kim loai dd la " ,^ J .
A. ddng. B.
magie.
.
C. kem. . D. canxi.
3.15. Dung dich chiJa 980 gam
H2SO4
tac dung he't vdi
NaHCO,
du, thu
dugc

C. 5,87. D. 8,14.
3.18. Cho ludng khi clo qua dng sii dung 1,12 gam bdt kim loai M d nhiet
dg cao. Sau khi phan ting ke't thiic, thu
dugc
3,25 gam mudi.
1.
Kim loai Mia
A. sat. B. nhdm. O
C. mangan. D. canxi.
2. De' cd dii lugng khi clo tham gia phan ung tren cAn bao nhieu lit dung
djch
HCl 6M tham gia phan ung vdi bdt
MnOs
du?
A. 0,2 lit. B. 0,02
lit.

C. 0,12
lit.
D. 0,03 lit.
3.19. Hoa tan 4,48 lit khi hidro clorua (d dktc) vao 42,7 ml nude, thu
dugc
dung dich axit clohidric. Ndng dd % va ndng dd mol cua dung dich thu
dugc
la:
A. 1,46% va4,7M. B. 1,46% va 0,47M.
C. 14,6% va 4,7M. D. 14,6% va 0,47M.
3.20. Dan 11,2 lit hdn hgp khi CO va CO2 (d dktc) vao 100 ml dung dich
Ca(0H)2,
thu

thu
duoc
14,2 gam
diphotpho
pentaoxit.
Kh6'i
lugng
photpho
tham
gia
phan
ung la
A.
8,1 gam. B. 6,8 gam.
C.
7,4 gam. D. 6,2 gam.
3.22. Khi
nhiet
phan
14,2 gam h6n hop gom
canxi
cacbonat
va
magie
cacbonat,
thu
diroc
3,36 lit khi CO2 (or
dktc).
Thanh

bang
khi CO
nong,
du, thu
duoc
8,4 gam sat.
C6ng
thiic
phan
tir cua
oxit
sat la
A.
FeO. B.
Fe203.
C.
Fe304.
D.
Kh6ng
xac djnh
duoc.
3.24. Cho
268,8
lit h6n hop khi CO va H2 or
dktc
khir
sat(III)
oxit
6 nhiet do
cao. Kh6l

va
44,21%.
B.
44,21%
va
55,79%.
C.
60,80%
va
39,20%.
D.
52,70%
va
47,30%.
2.
N6ng
d6 mol cua
dung
djch sau
phan
ling la
A.
1,0M. B. 1,2M.
C.
2,1M. D. 2,0M.
3.26. D6't h6n hop g6m 5,6 gam b6t sat va 1,6 gam b6t luu huynh trong m6i
trUcffig
khfing c6 khdng khi, thu
duoc
h6n hop

sdn
xua't
la 90%.
b) Neu
each
lam d^ pha che' dung dich H2SO4 c6 ndng d6
3,75M
tit
lucmg axit da san xua't
duoc.
3.28.
Bie't
A la oxit cua sat kim loai. Khuf
hoan
toan 1,6 gam A can 627 ml
hidro
(dktc).
Neu la'y toan b6 lugng kim loai vtta thu
duoc
6
trdn
cho tac dung vdi
dung dich HCl du thi thu
duoc
0,448
lit hidro (dktc).
Xac dinh
c6ng
thiic phan tir cua A. . ' ^ •
3.29. TrOn iSn 50 ml dung djch NaOH 0,1M v6i 30 ml dung dich NaOH

b) Hay cho
biet
cac
cha't
tan c6 the' c6 trong dung dich D.
c) Cho 50 gam dung dich
HNO3
12,6% phan
ihig
het v6i 100 gam dung
dich NaOH.
Tinh
ndng dS % dung dich thu
dugc
sau phan
ling.
3.31. Hoa tan 7,8 gam h6n hgp 2 kim loai A (hoa tri II) va B (hoa tri III)
bang
dung dich H2SO4 loang viTa du, thu
dugc
8,96 lit khi H2 (dktc).
a) Tinh kh6'i lugng mu6'i khan thu
dugc
khi c6 can dung dich sau phan
ling.
b) Xac dinh ten va kh6'i lugng m6i kim loai trong h6n hgp,
biet
rang s6'
niol
kim loai hoa tri III