Active-Passive Profiled by Minh Huệ
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Câu chủ động và Câu bị động
tenses (các thì) active (chủ động) passive (bị động)
1. The simple present
Thì hiện tại đơn giản
S+ V(s, es) +O S + am/ is / are + P
2
+
by O
2. The present
continuous
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
S +am / is / are + V +ing
+ O
S +am / is / are +
being + P
2
+ by O
3. The present perfect
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
S + have / has + P
2
+ O S + have / has + been
+ P
2
+ by O
4. The simple past
Thì quá khứ đơn giản
S + V + ed + O S + were / was + P
2

(infinitive) + O
S + will/ shall + be +
P
2
+ by O
một số quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
1. Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân
ngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động. Trong đó tân ngữ phải
chịu tác động của hành động.
Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động.
"She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động
2. Cách chuyển đổi
Active (chủ động) Passive (bị động)
chủ ngữ (S)
tân ngữ (O)
động từ (V)
P
2
tân ngữ (O)
chủ ngữ (S)
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động
giống nhau
4. Dùng câu bị động khi:
- Không biết ngời thực hiện hành động
- Không quan tâm đến ngời thực hiện hành động
- Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động
5. Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các trờng hợp sau:
- Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body
- People, You, Them
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

- Someone ………………………………………………………….
14. The house was broken into.
- Somebody………………………………………………………
15. He was not taken care of by his mother.
- His mother……………………………………………………….
16. They will inform you the result of the exam by letter.( to inform: th«ng b¸o)
- You …………………………………………………………….
- The result …………………………………………………….
17. When will the shop be opened?
- ………………they………………………………………?
18. They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now.
- Fish ………………………………………………….
19. A textbook will be published by that company next year.( to publish: xuÊt
b¶n)
- That company……………………………………………….
20. I was told to change the way by my friends.
- My friends ………………………………………………………….
21. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
- Many famous plays ……………………………………….
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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22. Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann …………………………………………………………
23. Is the course taught by professor Jackson?
- Does ?
24. Doctor Ikeda developed that theory.( to develop: ph¸t triÓn)
- That theory …………………………………………………………
25. A storm destroyed the small fishing village.( to destroy: ph¸ huû)
- The small …………………………………………….
26. The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.

41. They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.( to print: in)
- The words …………………………………………
42. They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week.(to repeat: nh¾c l¹i)
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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- This documentary ………………………………………
43. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird ………………………………………………………
44. This kind of bird is protected by laws.( to protect: b¶o vÖ)
- Laws…………………………………………………….
45. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He ………………………………………………………
46. He will be given some money by the company when he retires
- The company ………………………………………………………
- Some money ………………………………………
47. Rossi produced “ War in Space “.
- “War in Space” ………………………………………………
48. She bought some tulips yesterday.
- Some tulips …………………………………………
49. He usually washes his car every Sunday morning.
- His car ……………………………………………
50. His experiment was carried out ten years ago.( to carry: thùc hiÖn)
- He ……………………………………………
51. They grow rice in the north.
- Rice …………………………………………………………
52. The postman was bitten by our dog.( to bite- bit- bitten: c¾n, ®èt)
- Our dog ……………………………………………………
53. What did he write with it?
- What was ………………………………………………?
54. They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.(to hold-

- Spanish……………………………………………
5. The children often read stories in the evening.
- Stories…………………………………………….
1. Alice didn't make that cake.
- That cake…………………………………….
2. They buy newspapers everywhere in the city.
- Newspapers …………………………………
3.That company will publish a textbook next year.
- A textbook ………………………………………….
4. She delivers milk at about six o’clock .
- Milk …………………………………………………
5. Somebody cleans the room everyday.
- The room ………………………………………….
1. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ……………………………………………………
2. They will probably send him back to Britain.
- He …………………………………………………
3. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird ……………………………………
4. They grow rice in the north.
- Rice ………………………………………………
5. We don't raise cows on our farm.
- Cows ………………………………………………
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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1. People used oil-lamps years ago.
- Oil-lamps ……………………………………………….
2. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He ………………………………………………………
3. The old woman feeds fowls twice a day.

57. Somebody cleans the room everyday.
- The room ……………………………………………….
58. They cancelled all the flights because of fog.
- All the flights ………………………………………………
59. People do not use this road very often.
- This road ……………………………
60. How do people learn languages?
- How …………………………………….
61. People advised us not to go out alone.
- We ………………………………………………
62. They are going to build a supermarket next year.
- A supermarket ………………………………………….
63. She is using the computer at the moment.
- The computer ………………………………………………
64. They are opening a new ring road round the city.
- A new ring road ………………………………………………
65. They have built a big hospital which costs much money.
- A big hospital …………………………………………………
66. The girl did not give me the money.
- I ………………………………………………………………
- The money ………………………………………………….
67. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ………………………………………………………
68. Nobody told me the story.
- I …………………………………………….
- The story ………………………………………….
69. About 30 million people are watching this program.
- This program …………………………………………………
70. They are building some new houses down the street.
- Some new houses ……………………………………………….

- A textbook ……………………………………………….
85. My friends told me to change the way.
- I ………………………………………………………….
86. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
- Many famous plays ……………………………………….
87. Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann …………………………………………………………
88. Alex is preparing that report.
- That report ……………………………………………………
89. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
- The lesson ……………………………………………………….
90. Kathy had returned the book to the library.
- The book ……………………………………………………….
91. Does professor Jackson teach that course?
- Is the course ………………………………………………………?
92. Is Mrs. Brown painting your house?
- Is your house ……………………………………………………….?
93. Doctor Ikeda developed that theory.
- That theory …………………………………………………………
94. A storm destroyed the small fishing village.
- The small …………………………………………….
95. Hundreds of people visit the Washington Monument each day.
- The Washington Monument …………………………………………
96. The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today.
- Paper, ………………………………………………………………
97. Jim’s daughter drew that picture.
- That picture …………………………………………………………
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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98. They put on a new roof last year.

- All the songs …………………………………………
114. They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.
- The words …………………………………………
115. They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week
- This documentary ………………………………………
116. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in
Scotland.
- This kind of bird ………………………………………………………
117. Law protects this kind of bird.
-This kind of bird …………………………………………………….
118. She has not changed the flowers.
- The flowers ……………………………………………………
119. They have prepared tables for lunch.
-Tables ………………………………………………………
120. Somebody is listening to my phone calls.
-My phone calls ………………………………………………………
121. Someone had stolen his car.
- His car ………………………………………………………
122. Someone had broken the windows.
- The windows ………………………………………………
123. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He ………………………………………………………
124. The company will give him some money when he retires
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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- He ………………………………………………………
- Some money ………………………………………
125. Rossi produced “ War in Space “.
- “War in Space” ………………………………………………
126. They are showing the film at Leicester Square.

141. The postman was bitten by our dog.
- Our dog ……………………………………………………
142. What did he write with it?
- What was ………………………………………………?
143. Man is cutting down forests.
- Forests ……………………………………………………
144. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house.
- Plans ………………………………………………….
145. They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.
- An international ……………………………………………
146. That factory is producing more and more pollution.
- More and more pollution …………………………………………
147. The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago.
- Windmills ……………………………………………………………
148. I’ll meet her at the airport.
- She ………………………………………………………………
149. Has anyone told you about it yet?
- Have you ………………………………………………….?
- Has it …………………………………………………….?
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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150. No one has asked me that question before
- I ……………………………………………………
95. This place was designed by a French architect.
- A French …………………………………………………………………………
96. Huge pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians.
- The ancient …………………………………………………………………………
97. My car has been repaired by this mechanic.
- This mechanic ……………………………………………………………………
98. This milk is brought to my door by Tom.

b. At lunchtime the contract were signed by them.
c. The contract at lunchtime was signed by them.
d. The contract was signed at lunchtime.
283. The police are questioning him at their headquarter.
a. The police are being questioned at their headquarter.
b. He was questioned at their headquarter.
c. He's being questioned by the police at their headquarter.
d. He was being questioned by the police at their headquarter.
I.
DEFINITION
(Định nghĩa)
1. Active sentences
(Câu chủ động)
: Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ
là người hay vật thực hiện hành động.
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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Ex : They built the house in this village in 1486.
2. Passive sentences
(Câu bị động)
: Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là
người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động.
Ex : The house was built in this village in 1486.
II.
PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION
(Cách đổi sang câu bị động)
Muốn chuyển một câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, ta thực hiện những
bước sau
Active : S V
A

He hasn’t worn jackets for
ages
S + have / has + been +
p.p
Jackets haven’t been worn for
ages
Past Simple
S + V
2
/ V
ed
My mother wrote this letter.
S + was / were + p.p
This letter was written by my
mother.
Past
Continuous
S + was / were + V-ing
She was doing the homework
at that time yesterday.
S + was / were + being +
p.p
Her homework was being
done at that time yesterday.
Past Perfect
S + had + p.p
They had destroyed all the
documents when they
S + had been + p.p
All the documents had been

finished by Tuesday.
3. Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành tân ngữ của câu bị động và đứng trước nó
là giới từ
by
.
Ex : The President presented the medals.  The medals was presented by
the President.
• Chủ ngữ I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, someone, people,
someone, somebody, nobody, no one thường được bỏ đi trong cây bị
động.
Ex : Somebody left this purse in a classroom  This purse was left in a
classroom.
• Nếu trong câu chủ động có chủ ngữ là
nobody
hay
no one
thì động từ
trong câu bị động chia ở dạng phủ định
Ex : Nobody saw him leaving the room.  He wasn’t seen leaving the room.
 Vị trí của các trạng từ trong câu bị động :
- Trạng từ chỉ cách thức (Adverb of manner) thường đứng giữa be và past
participle. Các trạng từ khác thường đứng sau trợ động từ đầu tiên.
Ex : This problem has been carefully studied by the scientists.
She had never been promoted if she wouldn’t have changed her job.
- Trạng từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + object.
Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning.
- Trạng từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + object.
Ex : He was found in the forest by the police.
III.
SPECIAL CASES :

 Andrew has been awarded the grand prize for his essay by the council.
(more common)
The grand prize has been awarded to Andrew for his essay by the council.
(less common)
- Một số động từ thường dùng với dạng này : award, give, sell, send, show,
lend, pay, promise, write, teach,…
3. Verb of perception : (Động từ chỉ giác quan)
- Các động từ chỉ giác quan thường
được dùng trong cấu trúc này là :
feel, see, watch, hear,…
E.g. : We saw them go out of
the house.
 They were seen to go out of the house.
I heard him run upstairs.  He was heard to run upstairs.
Active : Subject + verb + bare
infinitive / V-ing
Passive : Subject + be + V
3
/ V
ed
+ to –
infinitive / V-ing
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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- Dạng bị động này còn được dùng với động từ help và make (đi với bare-
infinitive)
E.g. : They made him tell the truth.  He was told to tell the truth.
You should help the old carry their heavy bags.  The old should be
helped to carry the heavy bags.
- Let được dùng không có TO. Tuy nhiên let ít được dùng ở dạng bị động,

th
century.
He is known to be an honest man. The castle is said to have
been built in the 19
th
century.
6. Imperative form : (Mệnh lệnh cách)
S + be + V
3
/ V
ed
+ to-
infinitive
Active : S
1
+ V
1
+ (that) S
2
+ V
2
Passive : * It + be + (that) V
3
/ V
ed
+
S2 + V2
* S2 + be + V
3
/ V

Mr. Mai has just had her wallet stolen on the bus.
EXERCISES
A. CAUSATIVE FORM
I. Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Active Form :
1. I asked Jack to polish my shoes.

2. Jack will ask the Mason to build his house.

3. They are going to tell us to play football.

4. She has told the maid to wash her clothes.

5. Tom has told the dentist to pull his decaying tooth.

6. She told the police to catch the thief.

Active : Subject + have sb do sth / get
sb to do sth
Passive : Subject + have / get + sth
done by sb
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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7. We shall ask John to give you this book.

8. He had a mechanic repair his car engine.

9. Mary often asks the postman to mail her letter.

10.I will ask the painter to paint my house soon.



III.Use the correct verb form :
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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1. He has his shoes ………………… every day. (shine)
2. He gets his hair ………………… once a month. (cut)
3. We shall have those books ……………………… to you. (bring)
4. Maria had her landlord …………………… the broken windows before winter.
(fix)
5. I’ll get a specialist ……………………… my health. (check up)
6. They are going to have their wedding card ………………… there. (print)
7. She got the post office ……………………… a telephone in his flat. (install)
8. Before we leave, let’s have Sally ……………… a map so we wouldn’t get lost.
(draw)
9. She can’t always get her mother …………………… aloud to her. (read)
10.She can make any dogs …………………… her. (obey)
11.I called the company to have my telephone …………………… (change)
12.They are going to have a new school ……………………. (build)
13.She had a street artist …………………… her portrait. (paint)
14.She got the dentist …………………… her decaying tooth. (pull out)
15.To please my son, I had his old bicycle …………………… (repair)
16.Minh is getting his document ……………………… (type)
B. THE PASSIVE VOICE
I. Use the correct passive form of these verbs :
1. An island ………………………. by water. (cover)
2. I ……………………… to the party last night but I didn’t come. (invite)
3. Many accidents …………………… by reckless driving. (cause)
4. A new dormitory …………………… in the university campus now. (build)
5. Thank goodness ! My jewelry …………………… in the robbery last night.
(steal / not)

5. It is said that she works 16 hours a day.
She
6. Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.
The company
7. Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year.
It
8. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour.
The man
9. Someone believed that the President had suffered a heart attack.
The president
10.They think that the prisoners escaped by climbing over the wall.
The prisoners
11.It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire.
The buildings
12.It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people
13.We all expected that Marta will pass the exam.
It
14.We knew that you are in town on the night of the crime.
You
Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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15.People believe that he was killed by terrorists.
He
III. Change these sentences to the passive voice :
1. Our neighbor ought to paint the garage.

2. I have to return these books to the library.

3. Someone will pay you in ten days.

Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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24.Vietnamese people celebrate their Lunar New Year Festival around January
and February.

25.Our teacher always advises us to study harder on the second term.

26.The Library of Congress in the USA employs over 5000 employees.

27.My mother is making “Special Chinese Fried Rice” in the kitchen now.

28.Mr. Tam is painting his pictures with his patience.

29.They are planning to see a new film called “Ghost of Georgia”.

30.They are broadcasting the World Cup soccer games all over the world.

31. Mary is cutting the cupcake with a sharp knife.

32. Bad weather has delayed flight 202 from Miami.

33. They have celebrated the Teacher’s Day largely since 1982.

34. Science and Technology have completely changed human’s life.

35. People have built this building of bricks, stones and cement.

36. Nga has typed the report about polluted environment for 2 hours.

37.Brothers Lazlo and George Biro invented the ballpoint pen.


51. The postman will deliver newspaper to him next week.

52. They can’t make tea in cold water. They have to make tea in hold water.

53. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.

54. You must clean the floor before you paint it.

55. The girl has to decide to study law or pharmacy.

56. People can’t learn a foreign language in this week.

57.They make artificial flower of silk.

58.Nick will bring the pizzas to our house.

59.You can’t make tea in cold water.

60.They are digging some holes in the garden.

61.Did you receive your visa yesterday.

Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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62.Where will the company send you next year.

63.He has spelt the word wrongly.

64.She was doing the homework at 4 yesterday.

77.This is the first time they have written to us about this.

78.How many lessons are you going to learn next month?

Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ
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79.Someone had invented electric lights before I was born.

80.People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars.

81.Before they took exams they had revised their lessons.

82.When he came home his father was reading a newspaper.

83.My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week.

84.When I was 18 years old, my parents allowed me to go out in the evening.

85.You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday.

86.He is preparing everything for the presidential election.

87.Last Friday, when I came to Jane’s house, she had finished all exercises.

88.Countries are finding a way to solve the problem.

89.He put the letter in the drawer, and then he locked it up.

90.By the end of this year, we will have learnt 2,000 English words.