KHOA HQC CONG NGHE
HIEN T R A IMG TAI IXIGUYEIM CAY THUOC TAI
KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN VAN HOA DONG NAI
Dang Viet Hung1, Nguyen Van Tap-’, Nguv^n Thi Ha1
t o m tAt
Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Van hoa D ong Nai voi tai nguyen thirc vat da dang va phong phu. co khoang 1.401
loai thirc vat bac cao voi nhieu loai dac huu, nguy cap, quy, hiem a Viet Nam. Doi voi co ng dong ngu<n dan
dia phuong tai khu bao ton thi m ot trong nhung nguon loi tu rung la thu hai cac cav thuoc ch ua benh de su
dung trong ho gia dinh hoac ban ra thi truong de mang lai gia tri kinh tc*. KtH qua nghien cuu ghi nhan tai
khu bao ton co 319 loai cay thuoc thuoc 258 chi, 110 ho, 4 nganh thuc vat bac cao. Tron g bai viet nay da gi<n
thieu khai quat ve nguon tai nguyen cay thuoc va mot so loai cav thuoc pho bien co gia tn kinh te cao ; tinh
hinh khai thac, su dung cac loai cay thuoc trong cong dong d|a phuong va m ot so giai phap gop phan bao
ton va phat trien nguon tai nguyen cav thuoc.
Tirkh6a: Cay thudc, Dong Nai, khu bao ton, tai nguyen
1. OAT VAN BE
Khu Bao ton Thien nhien (BTTN) Van hoa
Dong Nai ma truoc day la Khu Bao ton Thien nhien
va Di tich Vinh Cuu dugc thanh lap nam 2006 theo
Quyet djnh so 09/2006/QD-UBND cua tinh Dong
Nai ngay 20 thang 2 nam 2006. Toan bo khu bao ton
nam trong 3 xa: Ma Da, Hieu Liem va Phu Ly thuoc
huyen Vinh Cuu - tinh Dong Nai, voi dien tich
68.788,3 ha. Theo Phan vien Dieu tra Quy hoach
Rung Nam bo (2009) da thong ke dugc 1.401 loai
thuoc 623 chi, 156 ho, cua 6 nganh thuc vat khac
nhau. Trong do co mot so loai cay g6 quy, hiem nhu;
Trac (D albergia coch inchin en sis), Cam lai
(D albergia bah en sis), Giang huong (P terocarpus
m acrocarpu s), Ven ven (A nisoptera costata), Dau
song nang (D ipterocarpus dyeri), Lat hoa Dong Nai
(C hukrasia tabularis var dongn ajensis) Tuy nhien,

Khu BTTN Van hoa Dong Nai [4].
Di^u tra, khao sat thuc te theo 9 tuyen dien hinh
dai dien cho cac dang dja hinh cung nhu trang thai
rung cua khu vuc nghien cuu trong thoi gian tir
thang 5 den thang 8/2012, ket hop voi quy trinh va
phuong phap dieu tra cay thuoc cua Vien Duoc li£u
[5]. Viec thu thap va giam dinh miu cay thuoc duoc
tac gia thuc hien ket horp voi tra cuu cac tai li^ii
chuyen mon nhtr Tir dien cay thuoc Vi£t Nam [3],
cay thuoc va dong vat lam thu6c a Vi£t Nam [6].
Dong thdi duoc su giup do cua dic chuyen gia v£
phan loai thuc vat cua Vi£n Sinh hpc Nhgt ddi -
Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Vi£n Dugc - B0 Y Te,
104
N6NG NGHlgP VA PHATTRliN NdNGTHON - KY2 - THANG 5/2014
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
T ru n g lain S am va I)ir<x‘ lieu - T han h pho Ho Chi
M inh.
P h ong van 17 ca n bo k iem lam tai c a c tram quan
ly bao ve ru n g th u o c khu bao ton va 3 0 nguoi dan dia
phuong gom n h ung th ay th u o c, dai dien nguoi dan
c a c dan toe tai c a c x a trong khu b ao ton d e thu thap
c ac th on g tin ve tinh hinh khai th ac, sir dun g cu a cac
loai cay th u oc tai dia p huo ng.
3 . KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3 .1 . V e th an h p han loai ca y lam th u oc
f)a phat hien to ng so 3 1 9 loai c o co n g dung lam
th u oc thuoc 2 58 ch i, 110 h o. 1 n ga nh thuv vat b ac ca o
co m a ch . T inh d a da ng ve than h phan loai ca y th uoc
k h on g ch i th e hien o so lu on g ca c taxo n cu a h e m a

Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta)
- Lop Ngoc Lan (Magnoliopsida) 78 7 0,9
2 00 7 7,5 2 44
7 6,5
- Lop Hanh (Liliopsida) 19 17,3 42 1 6,3
55
17 ,2
Tong cong 110 100
2 5 8
100 319 100
Hinh 1. Su phan bo die taxon cua tung nganh tai Khu
BTTN Van h6a Dong Nai
Nhu vay, thuoc nganh Ngoc lan co so loai Ion
nhat, chiem toi 93,7% so voi tdng so 319 loai cay
thuoc phat hien tai khu bao ton. Mot so ho co nhieu
loai cay thuoc nhu: ho Ca phe (Rubiaceae) 18 loai, ho
Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae) 16 loai, ho Dau
(Fabaceae) 11 loai, ho Cue (Asteraceae) 9 loai, ho
Tiet de (Menispermaceae) 8 loai, ho Vang
(Caesalpiniaceae) va ho Gung (Zingiberaceae) m6i
hp deu co 7 loai va 4 hp d£u co 6 loai la ho True dao
(Apocynaceae), hp DSu tam (Moraceae), hp Cam
(Rutaceae) va hp Tr&m (Sterculiaceae). So con lai,
m6i hp chi co tu 1 d£n 5 loAi. MOt s6 chi co tu 1 den 3
loii d£u la nhung loAi c4y thuoc co gia tri su dung
cao nhu; chi C6t to£i b6 (Drynaria) 2 loai, chi Thien
nien kien (H om alom ena) 2 loai, chi Dia lien
(K aem pferia) 2 loai, chi Hoang dang (F ibraurea) 2
loai, chi Bach bo (Stem ona) 3 loai, chi Bong b6ng
{D racaena) 2 loai

nhung ca the truong thanh hay la cay tai sinh tren
dien tich kho xac dinh, vi du: Cot toai bo la to
(Drynaria quersifolia), Hoang dang (Fihrauzea recisa
va F. tinctoria), Day khai (C optosapelta tom entosa),
Ba benh (Furycom a lon gifolia), Day sam (Cyclea
barhata)
3.2.2. Hien trang
Dieu tra va ghi nhan cho thay phan Ion nhung
cay thuoc tai khu bao ton deu dugc su dung theo
kinh nghiem cua nhan dan tai Dong Nai va cr cac dia
phuong khac. Doi chieu voi danh muc 216 loai cay
thuoc dang dugc khai thac thuong mai (cr cac muc do
khac nhau) cr Viet Nam, thi cr day chi co khoang duoi
50 loai va nhom loai. Cac loai va nhom loai dien hinh
dang dugc khai thac va su dung tai khu bao ton:
+ Sam bong bong gom 2 loai (D racaena gra cilis
va D. angustifolia) : cay phan bo rai rac duoi tan rung
cr khu bao ton co rk dung lam thuoc bo, kich thich
tieu hoa. Day la loai ma nguoi dan dja phuong
thuong khai thac de sir dung voi ten goi Sam cau, co
ban tai cac diem tham quan du lich cr Can cu Trung
ucrng Cue mien Nam va Khu Di tich lich sir Chi£n
khuD.
Hinh 2. Sam bong bong
+ Thien nien kien gom 2 loai (H om alom ena
occu lta va H. cochin ch in ensis): cay thuong ua am, ua
bong va moc thanh dam nho duoi tan rimg, ba khe
suoi. Than r i Thien nien kien dimg trong cac bai
thuoc chua dau lung, dau nhirc xuong khop. Loai da
va hien vin dang bi khai thac do vay can co su huong

thu sinh. Hoat chat chilt xuk tit r i d c loft Ch6c
mau (chi Salacia) dugc dung l&m thu6c th fa yjftna
gan. Day la cay thudc c 6 tri&n vQog, dft phit hi£n
thay rai ric d vimg rung tfauOc ti6 i kfan 10R.
106
NdNG NGHlfP vA PHAT IR |6 | NON6 m O « -« V 2 -W /U tt S/2014
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Ngoai mot so cay thuoc ke tren, tai khu bao ton
co the khai thac mot cach han che cac loai khac nhir
Cot toai bo la to (Drynan a qu ercifolia), Nhan tran
Tay Ninh (A denosm a bracteosa) a vung Da Dung va
Khu vuc Di tich Trung uong Cue mien Nam; Ha thu
o trang (S treptocaulon ju ventas)
3.3. Nhung loai cay thuoc nguy dip, quy, hi£m
thuoc dien can dupe bao ton tai khu bao ton
De gop phan vao cong tac bao ton. van de phat
hien cac loai thuoc dien nguy cap, quy, hiem hoac da
bj giam sut nghiem trong la mot viec lam can thiet.
Ket qua doi chieu voi cac van ban da ghi nhan duoi'
15 loai can bao ton a Viet Nam da ghi tai khu bao ton
(bang 2).
Bang 2. Nhung loai cay thuoc can bao ton cr K i u BTTN Van hoa Dong Nai
TT
T£n khoa hpc
T6n Vi^t Nam
Tinh trang nguy cap
Danh luc do
cay thuoc 2006
ND
32/2006

Engl.
Thien nien kien
nam
EN Al,c,d B2a,b
9
Homalomena pierreana Engl.
Than phuc
VU Ale,
Bl+2b,c
1 0
Hydnophytum formic arum Jack
0 kien
EN B2,a,b
EN Alb,d,
Bl+2b,e
1 1 Nervillia spp.
Cay mot ia
IIA
1 2
Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don
Thong tre la dai
VUA2c,d
VU A2c,d
13
Stemona cochinchinensis Gagnep.
Bach bo nam
VU Bl+2b,c
14 Stemona pierrei Gagnep.
Bach bo la nho VUB2a,b
VU Bl+2b,c

nhir Tram huong, Vang dang, Hoang dang nen hien
rat hiem gap hoac chi con lai cay tai sinh va cay nho. Cac
loai con lai: Thong tre la dai (Podocarpus neriifolius), Le
duong {Aeginetia indica), O kien (Hydnophytum
form icaruni), Cay mot la (Nervillia spp.), Bach bo
(Stemona cochinchinensis), Tac ke da (Drynaria bonii),
D6 trong nam (Euonymus chinensid), Than phuc
(Homalomena pierreana) va Ngai rom ( Tacca
integrifolia von la nhung loai hiem gap hoac tir truoc toi
nay cung chi thay voi mot dam nho cac ca the. Hien tai
cac loai nay chua bi khai thac hoac cung co the do nguoi
dan chua biet su dung nen chua bi khai thac, thu hai.
Ve co ban cac loai trong dien bao ton ke tren
khong (hoac it) bi sue ep boi su khai thac, su dung
nhung chung co the bi rui ro neu khong co bien phap
quan ly, bao ve chat che, nhat la mot so loai chi moi
thay o 1 - 2 diem phan bo voi so luong it Ca biet doi
voi vai loai trong so nay ngay ca can bo ky thuat cua
khu bao ton cung chua duoc huong din nhan dang
mot cach cu the. Chinh vi vay cac thong tin ve nhan
dang loai, phan bo, tinh trang quan the tren la nhung
din lieu quan trpng trong thuc hien nghien cuu de
bao ton nguyen vi (In - situ) tai khu bao ton trong
tuong lai.
3.4. xuit m0t so giii phap nham tang ctrfrng
cong tac bio tdn di ddi v6i phat tri&i trSng mdt s6
loii ciy thu 6c ti£m nang
3.4.1. Ve co n g tac b ao ton
Khu BTTN Van hoa Dong Nai, tinh Dong Nai
duoc thinh lap voi muc dich bio ton nguyen trang

- Nhim bio ton co hieu qui cac loii cay thuoc
thuoc dien nguy cap, quy, hiem vi da bj suy giim
manh can co kef hoach tap huan, huong din nhan
dang cho can bo kiem lam, cin bo ky thuat cua khu
bio ton de luu y bio ve chung. Cic thong tin v£ vi tri
(toa do phan bo), tinh trang quan the vi cac dac di£m
sinh vit hpc cua 15 loii niy cung can dupe cung cip
cho can bo cua ban quin ly khu bio ton de xay dung
ke hoach bao ton tai cho (In-situ) sat vdi tmh hinh
thuc te d khu bao ton.
- Tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc cho cong
dong dia phuong song trong khu bao ton ve vai tro va
gia tri cua tai nguyen cay thuoc. Boi cong dong dan
cu trong khu bao ton, dac biet la dong bao Cho Ro,
nhung nguoi cuoc song chu yeu phu thuoc vio tai
nguyen thien nhien sin co trong rung. Do vay de
nang cao nhan thuc cua ho ve bio ton da Hang sinh
hpc vi dac biet li tai nguyen cay thuoc thi su tham
gia cua cong dong li het sue quan trpng va nhung
kien thuc bin dia cua hp li nhung y£u 16 quy& dinh
den su phit trien b£n vung tii nguyen rung. C£c n0i
dung can tuyen truyen, giio due hiring tbi:
+ Vai tro, tac dung cua rung d4i vdi ddi s6ng con
nguoi.
108
n 6 ng nghiep v a phat m iu n 6 n g ih 6 n - K Y 2 -th A n g 5/2014
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
+ Tam quan trong cua cong tac quan ly bao ve
rung va bao ton da dang sinh hoc.
+ iAiat Bao ve va Phat trien rung, cac chinh sach

ch6. Doi voi quy trinh trong cay thuoc can xay dung
dam bao GAP. Timg quy trinh (doi voi moi loai) can
duoc tom tat thanh to roi, bien soan ngdn gon de pho
bien den tan nguoi dan.
To chuc tap huan cho nhan dan, nhung nguoi
tham gia trong cay thuoc ve ky thuat trong, che bien.
Dong thoi, to chuc cho nguoi dan di tham quan cac
m6 hinh trong cay thuoc da co o cac dia phuong
khac.
* Giai phap vS dau tu va lien doanh - lien k et
X&y dung chifen luoc toan dien vi bao ton di doi voi
phat trien ben vung tai nguyen cay thuoc 6 khu bao
t6n. Trong do, cic nhiim vy bao t6n va quan ly duoc
coi la trpng tam, di d6i v6i n6 li ki hoach phat trien
tr6ng them tai chd die lo&i thu6c tai dia phuong va co
gii tri kinh ti cao, nhim t^o them thu nhap cho
nguoi dan, giam thieu sire ep xam pham va khai thac
tu do cay thuoc o khu bao ton. Toan bo chien lir<rc
nay can duoc cu the hoa thanh cac dir an voi cac
bucrc di cu the.
Vi nguon dau tu. truoc het phai b;im sat vao cac
chuong tnnh nghien cuu, chuong tnnh bao ton va
phat trien cong dong cua quoc gia va cac to chuc
quoc te. Tren co so do tranh thu su dau tu, ho tro cua
Nha nuoc, quoc te va cap tinh.
Xu the chung trong viec trien khai cac chuong
tnnh, du an vi cay thuoc cung nhu vi mot so linh
vuc khac hien nay la su mo rong hop tac va lien
doanh, lien kit. Doi voi viec phat triin cac loai cay
thuoc can thiit phai co su phoi hop lien ket giua 4

2000. Ten cay rimg Viet Nam. 2000. NXB Nong
nghiep, Ha Noi.
3. Vo Van Chi, 1999. Tir dien cay thudc Viet
Nam. NXB Y hpc, Ha Noi.
N6NG NGHlfP VAPHAt HmI n NdNG THON-KY2-THANG 5/2014
109
KHOA HQC CONG NOHfe
4. Phan vien Dieu tra Quy hoach Rung Nam bo,
2009. B ao cao D u an dieu tra xay dung danh lu c va
tieu ban dong, thuc vat rung & Khu B ao ton Thien
nhien va Di tich Vinh Ciru.
5. Nguyen Tap, 2006. Phut m g ph ap dieu tra cay
th uoc va nghien cuu bao ton. NXB Khoa hoc & Ky
thuat, Ha Noi, tr. 33 - 110.
6. Vien Duoc lieu, 2004. Cay thu(k' va d ong vat
lam thu oc & Viet Nam. Tap 1-2. NXB Khoa hoc & Ky
thuat, Ha Noi.
STATUS OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES IN DONG NAI CULTUTAL AND NATURE RESERVE
Dang Viet Hung, Nguyen Van Tap, Nguyen Thi Ha
Summary
Dong Nai cultural and nature reserve itself has various and abundant plant resources with more than 1,401
species including many endemic and rare species in Vietnam. For local communities living on reserve, the
benefit coming from the forest is collecting medicinal plants for home using or sale at market As a result,
the species composition of medicinal herbs is fairly diverse. They belong to 319 species, 258 genera, 110
families, 4 division were initially recorded. In this article, the author has introduced generally about
medicinal plant resources, and some popular and high economic valued medicinal plants; the status of using
of medicinal plants in local communities was also mentioned and some suggestion were pointed out for
better management these medicinal plants.
Keywords: M edicinal plant, Dong Nai, nature reserve, resources.
Ngudi phan bi£n: PGS.TS. Nguyin Thi Ngoc Hu£