_?_NGHl|NCuru
KHOA HOC
Thi cong dai mong khoi lan bang
phiFang
phap do be tong lien tuc
kit hap
phan
chia lap do vai cap phoi va
SLP
toa nhiet
khac nhau
Ngay nhan bai: 10/12/2013
Ngay sita bai: 15/12/2013
Ngay chap nhan dang: 30/12/2013
Ho Ngpc Khoa
TOM
TAT:
Trong thi cong be tong dai mong khoi ldn nha sieu cao tang noi rieng va ket cau be tong
khoi
Icin
noi chung, van de quan trpng nhat la kilm soat
diiac mJt
do hieu
iJng
nhiet
thuy hoa xi mang trong khoi do ma van phai dam bao
dilpc
tinh toan khoi, kha nang thi
cong lien tuc va
tinh
chong tham cao cho cau kien. Bai bao the hien ket qua phan tich ly

be tong dai mong khoi ldn trong dieu kien khi hau Viet Nam.
ABSTRACT
In the cpnstruction of mat foundations of super high-rise buildings as well as other
mass concrete structures, the most crucial issue is to control the cracking caused by
the heat of cement hydration. Moreover, it is desirable for the concrete structure to
achieve the unification property, uninterrupted construction and high water-repellent
capability. This article reports the theoretical analysis, scientific fundamental of
the physical process happened in the mass concrete during the initial stage of the
hardening process, and the research result obtained from the construction of mat
foundations pf the Lptte Center Hanpi. With these research findings, a prpcedure pf
cpntinous construction of mat foundations for high-rise and super high-rise buildings
is proposed. This procedure is established based on the
countinuous
cpncrete ppuring
technique with multiple ppuring layers accprding tp different cpncrete mixtures and
heat hydratipn. The research results can be used as a reference fpr establishing the
cpnstructipn methpd and management of mat fpundatipns in the climate condition pf
Vietnam.
Keywprds: mat fpundatipn, mass cpncrete, heat hydratipn, cracking cpntrpl, super
high-rise buildings.
TS
H6
Ngoc Khoa
Khpa
XSy
dttng Dan dung va Cdng nghiep
Email:
hnkhpagiyahpp.cpm
Trildng Dai hpc Xay dilng
Mddau:

toa nha Lotte Center Hanoi; dang thi cong nhu
VietinbankTower (Ha Noi). SUxuat hien cua cac
toa nha sieu cao tang nhu la mot bleu
tupng
the hien su dang cap cua do thj ve kien
true
va xay dung,
phein
anh phan nao
sU
phat trien
kinh te cua Viet Nam.
Dai mong nha sieu cao tang la ket cau be
tong cot thep co kich thudc theo ci 3 phuong
va khoi tich rat ldn, den hang nghin m3, do do
qua trinh thi cong gap rat nhieu khd khan ve
mat to
chiJc
va ky thuat de
dJm
bao tinh toan
khoi,
khS
nang thi cong lien tuc va kiem scat
niJt
cua be tong. Van de nay lien quan den
lUa
chon cap phoi be tong, phuong an do be tong
va phuong an
bJo dUSng

Nam nhUng da cho
thay dupc nhijfng Uu diem vuot troi trong viec
kiem soat nut do
ilng
suat nhiet de dam bao
chat lupng
cOa
be tdng dai mong khdi
Idn.
Tuy
nhien,
viec tinh
toan,
thiet ke bien phap cdng
nghe - td chdc thi cong duoc thUc hien bdi cac
chuyen gia nUdc ngoai, ddi vdi cac chuyen gia
trong nudc thi ly thuyet va kinh nghiem thuc
tien ve van de nay con han che. Do dd, viec
nghien cufu cd sd ly khoa hpc va sd lieu thuc te,
tCf
dd phan
tich,
tdng hpp de de xuat qui trinh
cdng nghe thi cdng co ban lam cP sd ap dung
chp thi cpng cac ket cau tuong
tU
la het
siIc
can
thiet va

gid,
bufc xa mat trdi anh hudng rat Idn den qua
trinh ddng ran
cCia
be tdng, cung nhu den cdng
nghe
thi cdng
dedam baochat
lupng va
duy
tri
cac cdng nang thiet ke cua cau
kien.
Mot mat,
khf hau ndng am thuc day qua trinh ninh ket va
dong ran
cCia vCfa
be tdng, tang nhanh tdc dp
phat trien cudng dp, rut ngan thdi gian thao van
khudn.
Mat khac, nhiet dp mdi trudng cao, dp
am thap, tdc dp gid cao se lam tang nhanh qua
trinh bdc hPi nudc, phat trien bien dang mem,
hinh
thanh trudng nhiet dp va dng suat khong
ddng deu trong be tdng d giai doan dau dong
ran,
anh hudng xau den cau
true
va

ddi the tich (bien dang) va thay ddi nhiet dp. Cac
qua tnnh nay xay ra ddng
thdi,
lien quan lan nhau,
chju tac ddng cua cac yeu td ben trong be tdng va
cac yeu td td mdi trudng ben
ngoai.
Qua trtnh mat
nudc dan den cau
true
rong va bien dang mem
be tdng, bien dang mem gay nuft mat be
tdng;
su
thay doi nhiet dp trong Idng khdi be tong dan den
sU
ch#nh
lech nhiet dp gida cac Idp be tdng vdi
nhau va vdi mdi trudng ben ngoai dan den nuft
eau true be tdng; ket
quJ
ed the anh hudng den
eudng dp va eac tinh chat cd - ly
cCia
be tong vi
sau.
Nhieu tai lieu da nghien
cilu
va khang djnh
van de nay

CjA,
C^S,
C,AF,
CjS,
tUPng dng la
590,405,176,
va 63 J/g.
Nhu vay, ro rang
lUpng
nhiet tda ra phu thupc
chu yeu vao thanh phan cae khoang clinke, de
han che
lugng
nhiet thuy hda cua xi mang phai
hudng den giam thanh phan
CjA
va
C^S
trong
clinke.
Trong be tdng khdi Idn, lupng nhiet tich
tu du gay hieu ufng nhiet lam nuft khdi be tdng.
Do do trong be tdng khdi Idn thudng dung xi
mang it tda nhiet, vdi
lUpng nhift
thuy hda sau
3 va 7 ngay
tUOng
dng khdng qua
168

=>
giSm
nhiet => dn djnh nhiet (hinh 1),
nhi|t
dd
eao nhat trong Idng khdi be tdng cd the xac djnh
theo cdng thdc:
T™,
=
T,
+
T,
(1)
Trong
dd:T^
- nhiet dp be tdng khi dd;
T^j
- nhiet dp phat nhiet Idn nhat cua chat
ket
dinh.
Td nhiet dp
J^
den
T^^^
la giai dpan tang
nhiet, sau khi dat den Tmax thi nhiet dd trpng
be tdng giam dan gpi la giai doan giam nhiet,
va cudi cung la giai doan dn djnh nhiet khi nhiet
dp trong khdi be tdng dat gia tri dn
djnh.

gia trj nhiet dp tdi da eua be tdng khoi Idn.
Khi dung
1
Okg/m'
xl
Id cao hay tro bay thay the
xi mang pooclang thudng, thi nhidt dp
giSin
tuong dng la
0,5°C
-^
1°C.
Ngoai ra, viec sddung
phu gia hda hpc nhu phu gia
giSm
nude, phu
gia cudn khi, phu gia sieu
d4o
ngpai tac dung
lam giam ham lugng xi mang, cdn cd tac dung
lam giam nhiet dp trong bi tdng khdi Idn, dac
biet la trong giai doan tang nhiet.
Trong qua trinh tang nhiet,
sutda
nhiet
chij
yeu dien ra d cac Idp bi tdng be mat, do bj lam
ngudi bdi mdi trudng khdng khi. Tdc dp tda
nhiet cua khdi be tdng
t)

nhiet cang de dang hon. Gia trj khuech tan phu
thudc vao
loai
edt lieu Idn sd dung trong
thJnh
phan be tdng. Su mat nhiet
ciJa
cac Idp be tdng
phfa ngoai cd
thi
tao nen chenh lech nhiet do
vdi cae Idp phfa trong
gay
ufng suat keo
dCi
ldn
lam
ndt
be tdng.
Giai doan ha nhiet cd the bat
dSu
sau 4 -
10
ngay hoac lau hon, phu thudc vao khdi tfch
cua
kit
ciu. Ddi vdi cac
kit
eau dai mdng Idn,
qua trinh ha nhiet ed the keo dai hang thang.

va cuong do be tdng.
Theo
[11]
nhiet dp trang giai doan
gijm
nhiet
tai
mpt vj tri bat ky
each
be
i.^at
mdt
92
BWniEifSIl 01.2014
khocing
x
dupc xac
djnh theo cdng thdc sau:
I n
^^e Vh^T
(3)
Ro
Trong do:
R,^
- nhiet dp tai vj tri each be mat
mpt
khoJng
x (m);
Rj
- nhiet dp be mat (x = Om);

trong khdi
be
tdng
duy
tri dn
djnh,
sil
thay ddi ve nhiet dp
chCi
yeu dien ra trpng
pham vi Idp be mat be tdng dp
sU
thay ddi
cCia
nhiet
dp
mdi trudng.
Trong thdi gian ddng
rSn,
tuy theo khdi
tich,
lupng nhiet
thCiy
hda va mdc dp
gId
nhiet
cCia
cKu
kidn ma gia trj cung nhu sU phan bd nhiet
dp trpng khdi be tdng se khae nhau d tdng vj trf.

phan tuf hdu han va so sanh vdi
kit
qui do thue
nghiem.
Ket
quJ
nghien cdu cho thay nhiet do
trong khdi bd tdng dat gia trj Idn nhat
d tudi
85
gid sau khi dd, khu vUe xung quanh tam khdi
mdng la noi cd nhiet dp cao nhat, diem cao nhat
cd nhiet dd
1^
90,39°C
(hinh 2a). Thdi gian dau
nhiet dp phan bd kha deu tai cac diem trong
Idng khdi bd tdng, nhUng cang vl sau
vCing
xung quanh tam khdi nhidt dp tang cap ciing
vdi
thi
tfch vung nay
CP
nhd lai. Khf vda be tdng
v3n
d dang
Idng,
khS
nang ddi

Khoing thdi gian
nJy
la giai doan tang nhidt
khdi be tdng,
khi
do phan be tdng phia trong cd
xu hudng nd nhidt ndn dng suat phat sinh
chO
ylu trong khdi la dng suat nen. Trong khi dd d
mat thoang
vi
gdc van khudn bd tdng bi
giSm
nhidt dp nhanh (ra mdi trudng khdng khf va qua
Nhiet do (°C)
^^
1
9
039S8e*001
-
8478718+001
• 7
917B4e-0Ol
7
3S6a7e+«)1
6
79609e*001
4S52eie>D01
- 3
43087e*001

nhiet d6
AT
bJo
k>Rbk
Phat
sinh
tfng sujt kdo S
Sy thay doi the
tich
Hinh
3.
Co
che gay
niJt be tong khoi
ldn
van khudn) se cd xu hudng co, nhUng do bj cac
Idp phia trong cd nhiet dp cao hon
kim
gidva la
nguydn nhan phat sinh ra dng suat keo
ciia
Idp
bd tdng d nhdng vj trf nay.
Kit quei
phan tfch da md ta dugc qui luat
thay doi va xac djnh dugc gia trj
ciia
nhiet do va
dng suat tai eac vj tri va thdi diem ddng ran khac
nhau

be tdng
thi
sd gay ndt trong be
tdng.
Co che ndt dugc md ta tdm tat d
hinh
3.
Theo [8], be tdng khdi Idn bj ndt do hieu
dng nhiet thiiy hda xi mang khi cd
dii
2 ylu td
sau day: dieu kien can - dp chenh lech nhiet dp
AT gida cac diem hoac eac virng trong khdi bd
tdng vUgt qua
20°C (AT>20°C)
va dilu kidn
dii
-
mddun chenh lech nhidt dp MT gida cae diem
trpng khdi bd tdng dat khdng dudi
50°C/m
(MT>50°C/m).
Nhu vay, de kiem soat ndt do nhiet trong
be tdng khdi Idn can phii kiem soat ehdnh lech
nhidt dp gida cac Idp be tdng, gida trung tam
va Idp be mat trong gidi han chp phep. Bi dat
dugc muc tieu dd, ed the ap dung eac bidn phap
thi cdng
dudng sau:
Dua nhiet

kit
hgp
phan chia Idp dd vdi cap phdi va su tda nhiet
khac nhau dugc ap dung lan dau tidn d Viet
Nam khi thi cdng dai mdng cdng trinh Lotte
Center Hanoi. Dai mdng dugc thi cdng d tang
ham thd 5 cd kfeh thudc 92,7m x
44,1m,
chilu
day dai mdng td 3
+
5,7m, khdi
lugng
bd tdng
17.030m3.
Odi vdi mdt
kit
eau dai mdng kfnh
thudc sieu Idn nhu vay, cdng nghd thi cdng
phii dugc xem xet va
lUa
chpn vdi tieu chi quan
trpng hang dau la kiem spat dupc ndt do hieu
ling
nhidt thiiy hda xi mang trong khdi do.
Ngoai ra, phuong an td chdc thi cdng dam bao
chat lupng
kit
cau, tiln dp va thuan Igi cung
can nghien cdu de cd giai phap thfch hgp.

Phia
tren
T^le
N/(X+Tro
bay)
42%
39%
long li/tfng
XM-i-Trobay
(kg)
385
415
Vat lieu cho Im'be
tong
Cat
(kg)
880
840
fia
(kg)
951
964
Xi mang
(kg)
289
311
Tro
bay
(kg)
96

khoi
70,4
77,4
67,1
74,3
63,2
71,2
ighiem
Nhiet
do Idp be
mat
56,1
57,0
54,3
55,2
52,5
53,2
Chdnh
lech
14,3
20,4
12,8
19,1
10,7
18,0
Thi cOng \&p
d^ng
vAn
khuOn.
bjimg

dim tid tdng del
1,
bd tdng It
tda nhidt
Od.
ddm bd tdng
det
2,
bd tdng
tda nhidt blnh
thi/dng
Hodn thidn bd m$t bd tdng bdng
mdy xoa
Bdo
di/d'ng
giC^
nhidt bd tdng,
che mdt thodng bdng vdt lidu
giO
nhidt ttieo
phmmg
dn
Didu chlnh nhidt dd bdo
dirtng
(tdng,
bdi
ldp
giO
nhi$t)
Kdt

chdng tham va mdt lugng thep kha Idn nham
be tong lien tuc ket hop phan chia ldp do vdi cap phoi va sir
toa nhiet
chju cic
lilc
gay tach trugt tai vj trf dl mach
ngdng,
tir dd lam tang chi phf vat lieu Idn rat
nhilu,
ehua tfnh
din
vide thi cdng khd khan vi
mat dp cdt thep day dac. Ngoai ra phuong phip
nay cung klo dai dang ke thdi gian thi cdng dai
mdng do cic giin doan ky thuat va thdi gian xd
ly mach ngdng thi cdng.
6 cdng trinh Lotte Center Hanoi, sau khi
phan
tfch,
so sanh va tfnh
toin,
phuong an do
be tdng lien tue
kit
hgp phin chia Idp dd vdi
Hinh
4.
Phan bo cac Idp
do
vdi be tong cd tfnh

nhiet thap, phu gia keo dai thdi gian ninh
kit
vdi
Iggng
xi mang
-i-
tro bay ft hon
(hinh
4).
Bin chat cua phuong phap nay la tao ra
mdt
Idp
"can bang
nhiet"
d phfa tren dai mdng
bang chfnh vat lieu la bd tdng. Be tdng -
Idp
"can
bang nhidt" nay cd cap phdi dim bio khi nang
tda nhidt Idn hon so vdi phan be tdng edn lai
ben
dudi,
nham can bang nhidt dp gida Idp be
mat vi cac Idp d trung tim dai
mdng.Trpng
qui
trinh bio dudng, nhiet dp gida trung tam khdi
va Idp bl mat, nhidt dp gida be mat be tdng va
cic Idp gid nhiet (nhidt dp bip dudng be tdng)
dupc kilm spat va dilu chlnh bdi vat lieu va so

cua dai mdng
thi
hidn d bing 1
Be kiem chdng va hidu chinh cic thdng sd
cong nghe trudc khf thi cdng, mdt thi nghidm
hien
truong dupc thuc hien trdn khdi mau be
4SDiiniBIX
01.2014
Bing 2. Chi dan bidn phap, ky thuat thi edng dai mdng khdi Idn do bd tdng lien tuc
kit
hgp phan chia Idp do vdi cap phdi va
sU
tda nhiet khic nhau
Cong tac
Lap PA CN-TC
thi cong
Thi cdng lap
di/ngvan
khudn dai
mdng.
Lap dat
tam
giO
nhiet
cdng vdi
VK
thanh mdng
Thi cdng
lap

be
tdng
fid,
dam
be
tdng
Biodirdngbe
tdng
dai
mdng
lliaod
d van
khuon
Noi dung
1.
Thf
nghiem,
tfnh
toan
2.
Lap, phe duyet
PA
cdng nghe-td chdc thi cdng.
1.
Gia
cdng,
to hop tam khuon.
2.
Lap
dimg

cdt thep.
3. Lap dat cac chi tiet dat
san,
chdn ngam trong dai
mdng.
4.
K.tra
va nghiem thu.
1.
Lcip
dat thiet bi do nhiet
do
trong
be
tdng va nhiet do
baodirdngbetdng.
2.
LSp
dat cac dung cu bao
ve
thiet bi do nhiet dp.
3.
Kiem tra va
nghiem thu.
1.Chuan
bjvatlieu
2.
Thiet ke cap
phdi
3. Cap lieu (cdt

tdng.
2.
Trai cac Idp vat lieu che be mat be tdng theo phflong
an bao dudng.
3.
Theo ddi (do) nhiet do be tdng.
4.
Thay ddi bien phap bao dudng neu can thiet
5.
XiJIy so
lieu do nhiet
dp,
xac ffinh
AT,
quyet djnh ket
thuc
bao dudng.
I.Tliaoddvatlieugiflnhietvavankhuonthanhmdng.
2.
Thao dd mai
che.
Chi dan bien phap, ky thuat thi
cong,
tieu chuan ap dung
Viec thi
nghiem,
thilc nghiem xac djnh
cac
thdng sd ky thuat phuc
vu

cac
tieu chuan khac phu hgp.
Van khudn bang
BTCT
thi cdng theo cac quy dinh trang [6].
Chung loai tam gifl nhiet theo phflflng an cdng nghe thi cdng (thfldng dung tam xdp polystyrene hoac polyurethane
day
4-5cm,cd
khdi lflpng
the
tich
>20kg/m',dpam <
12%).
Xac nhan ban
ve va
phflong an thi cdng.
Jam vat lieu gidnhiet phai dflpc boc
ap
sat mat ngoai van khudn thanh
trflde
ldc
do be
tdng.
Can cd bien phap che chan
mat ngoai de chdng am vat lieu
each
nhiet
Xac nhan ban ve ket
cau,
nghiem thu vat lieu va phe duyet phfldng an thi cdng.

ddng
vdi dau do chfnh xac
±0,1"C.
Thiet bj phai dflpc kiem tra hieu chuan.
fiiem
do,
sd
Ifldng dau
do,
lien ket
dau
do vdi cdt thep tuan thu phflong an cdng nghe thi cdng.
fiau do phii cd dinh chac
chan,
dflpc
bao
ve,
va
each nhiet tuyet ddi vdi
edt
thep.
Cac
dau do nhiet dp be mat va d day khdi
be
tdng dflpc lap
each
mep ngoai eua khdi
100mm.
Kiem tra de dam bao thdng mach va khdng
cd

be
tdng
tnrde
khi do vao ket
cau
khdng dfloc vflpt qua
30"C,
tdt nhat trong khoang
20-f25"C.
Kiem tra tfnh thi cdng eua vfla
va
cfldng dp
be
tdng.
Chap nhan ke hoach van
chuyen:
thdi
gian,
cfldng
dp van
chuyen,
so Iflpng xe van chuyen, phan ludng giao thdng
Kiem tra
sfl phu
hpp ke hoach van chuyen va nang suat dd
be
tdng tfnh den
eac yeu
td edng nghe: chieu cao Idp do,
edng suat do be

loai,
sd
Ifldng,
cdng suat, vi tri
bom.
Cd
the ket hpp may bPm
tinh
va may
bdm
dtd.
Lap dat
he
thdng dfldng dng bdm (lien ket, neo gifl
chac
chan,
neu di tren cdt thep can
I3p
dat cac dung cu giim chan
ddng nhfl
eac ban
ke bang
cao
su).
Kiem
tra,
nghiem thu.
Bdm
be
tdng lien tue, khdng dflng qua

vi tri cdt
thep,
cae dau
do nhiet
dp
va
tinh
trang van khudn trong sudt qua
trinh
do be
tdng.
Xac
nhan phflong an bao dfldng
be
tdng.
Xac
nhan chung
loai,
chat Iflpng vat lieu
gidnhiet,
che phu.
Hoan thien be mat
be
tong ngay sau khi ket thuc
cdng
tac do
be
tdng bang may
xoa
mat

-1-
Trang thai phat trien va can bang nhiet (1-10 ngay
dau):
kiem tra nhiet do Idn nhat
va
kiem soat
AT
gifla tam va be
mat khdi ludn thap hPn
25°C.
fiieu chinh tang nhiet dp bio dfldng bang mpt Idp nilon bd sung.
-1-
Kiem tra nhiet dp d bien va gdc
khdi,
neu nhiet
dp
giam manh
(<50"C)
bpc bo sung mdt Idp nilon.
+Trang
thai can bang va suy giam nhiet (7-9 ngay tiep theo): tiep tuc kiem tra chat che nhiet dp
va
tinh toan chi
so
ndt
de dieu chinh che dp bao dfldng.
+Trang
thai suy giam nhiet: (1-2 ngay tiep
theo):
kiem soat

tdng
kfeh
thudc 5700 x 5700 x 5700 mm bdi
cdng ty Lptte E&C.
Sir
phan chia 2 Idp cap phdi
be tdng khac nhau nhu d hinh 4 va bing 1.
Nhidt dp be tdng dupe xac dinh d 3 vj tri: trung
tam khdi do, d canh bien va d gdc (cie mep khdi
100
mm).
Tai
mdi vi tri cac dau do duge bd trf d
6 diem theo chieu cao
ciia
khdi:
2 vj tri d hai Idp
day va Idp bl mat, 4 vj trf 6 eac Idp phia trong
eiia
khdi.
Ddng thdi xac djnh nhiet dp giufa be
mat be tdng va Idp vat lieu bio dUdng va nhiet
dp khdng khu Do be tdng khdi mau dupc chia
ra lam hai lan theo chieu cao: 2200 mm va 3500
mm.
Kit
qui do nhidt dp d tam va Idp phfa tren
be mat be tdng
thi
hidn d bing 2.

tda nhiet khac nhau
Suae
tdng hpp va de
xuat d dang so do khoi d
hinh
5. Npi dung ehi
dan bidn phap, ky thuat thi edng eo ban the
hien d bing 3.
4. Ket luan
Cdng nghe thi edng dai mdng khoi Idn
do do bd tdng lidn tuc ket hpp phan chia Idp
do la edng nghd mdi, phu hpp vdi nhufng dai
mdng eo chilu cao va khdi tieh rat Idn. Lfu diem
ndi trdi
ciia
nd
thi
hidn d khi nang kilm soat
trudng nhiet dp va dng suat trong Idng khdi
bd tdng d mdc pham vi eho phep, dim bio bd
tdng khdng bj ndt do dng suat nhiet trong qua
trinh ddng ran. Trong qua trinh bio dudng ed
the chii ddng dieu chinh nhiet dp bip
duflng
be
tdng de giim ehdnh lech AT gida eac Idp trung
tam va Idp be mat khdi thdng qua viec thay ddi
chi't lupng va sd lugng cic Idp
phii
gid nhidt.

De cd the lam chil va dng dung
hieu
qua
cong nghd trong thi cdng cae ket cau be tdng
khdi Idn va sieu ldn trong dilu kien Vidt Nam,
eac
vien,
trudng, cP sd nghidn cdu can ehu trpng
dau tu (ed the hgp tic vdi eac chuyen gia, don
vj nude ngoai ed kinh nghidm) de nghien cdu
d mdc dp qui md hon, dac biet la eac phuong
phap,
md hinh thf nghiem va tinh toan sd
lieu,
tddd
thie't ke bien phip cdng nghe - td chdc thi
cdng phil hpp va hieu qui.
TAILIEU
THAM
KHAO
1.
Nguyen Tien flieh (2010), Cdng tac be tdng trong dieu
kien khf
hau
ndng
am
Viet
Nam, NXB
Xay
dflng,

4.
TCVN
3106:1993, Hon hop be tdng nang - Phfldng phap
thddp
sut,
NXB
Xay
dung,
Hil
Npi.
5. TCVN
3105:1993,
Hon hpp be tdng nang va be tdng
nang-
Lay mau, che tao va bao dfldng mau
thil,
NXB Xay
dung.
Ha
Npi.
6. TCVN 4453:1995, Ket cau be tdng va be tdng cdt thep
toan khdi - Quy pham thi cdng va nghiem thu, NXB Xay
dflng.
Ha
Npi.
7.
TCVN
8163:2009, Thep cdt be tdng - Mdi ndi bang dng
ren,
NXB

khdi Idn - phien ban
2008,
VCA,
Ha Ndi.
11.
ACI
207.1R-96,
Mass
concrete.
12.
Kim Kwang Ki, Hwang
In
Gwan, Kim
Myoung Gug
(2012), "Adiabatic temperature rise and reaction rate of mass
structure in Lotte Center Hanoi project",
Tap
chf
KHCN
xay dflng,
Vien KHCN
Xay
dflng,
sol.
13.
BaxeHOB
K).M.
(2003),
TexHonorMn
deiona.

MocKBa.
96|Binnii[i9ii
01.2014
Phan tich cac mo
hinh
quan
li
ap dung cho
doanh nghiep nganh Xay dyng
Ngay nhan bai: 28/11/2013
Ngay
sil^a
bai: 9/12/2013
Ngay
cinap
nlian dang: 18/12/2013
Le Anh Dung,
Dinh Tuan Hai
TOM
TAT:
Bai bao nay
gicji
thieu bon loai mo hinh
quan ly hay ap
diang
trong doanh nghiep
nganh xay
dUng
la To chufc
trde

vide
tip the va su phan chia edng vide thanh nhdng
phan vide eu the de xic djnh xem ai lam nhdng
vide
gl va su ket hgp eac cdng
vide
ridng re vdi
nhau
ehi
rd chp mpi ngudi thay duge hg phii
lam
vide
cirng
vdi
nhau nhu the nap. Cae thanh
phan
CO
bin
eiia
eo cau to chdc doanh nghidp:
- Chuyen mdn hoa: la qua trinh nhan didn
cic cdng vide eu the va phan cdng eae ca nhan,
cic nhdm da duge huan luyen thfch hgp de
dim nhan.
- Tieu chuan hoa: la qua trinh cu the hoa
cic thil tuc cOa doanh nghidp ma theo do cic
nhin vidn cd thd' hoan thanh edng vide
ciia
hg
theo mgt cich thdc thdng nhat la thfch hgp.

te. Them nda
thi
moi loai co cau
td chdc cirng vdi tdng mdi lidn he hpp ddng se
cd tie dung vdi mpt sd
dUan
va dieu kien thuc
te chd chung khdng the ip dung tdt, hidu qui
cho tat ci mpi loai
hinh
trong nganh xiy dung.
Chfnh vl vay vide phin tfch eac co eau to chdc
dang ap dung eho cic doanh nghfdp nganh
xiy dung la can thiet de chi ra dupc khi ning
dng dung cu the
ciia
tdng Ipai trong thUc te xiy
dung
tai
Viet Nam
2.
Tong
quan
2.1.
Quin ly
dUin
ddu
tUxiy
dung
Quin ly ndi chung la su tie ddng cd muc

gian,
nguon
lUc
va giam sat qua trinh phit trien cua
duin td khi bat dau den khi ket thuc nhim dim
bio cho du an hoan thanh dung thdi han, trong
pham vi ngin sach dUge duydt va dat
dUpe
cic
yeu ciu di djnh ve ky thuat va chat lugng sin
pham djch vu, bang nhdng
phUOng
phap va
dieu kien tdt nhat cho phep.
Quin ly duan bao gdm 3 giai doan
chii
yeu:
- Lip ke hoach: Diy la glal doan xay dung
muc
tidu,
xac djnh nhdng cdng viec can dupe
hoan thinh, ngudn
lUc
can thiet de thuc hidn
du in va la qui trtnh phat trien mdt ke hpach
hanh ddng theo trinh tu Idgic ma cd the bieu
dien dugc dudi dang so do he thdng.
- Dieu phdi thuc hien
dU
in: Diy la qui

nhanh
ciia
thj trudng,
sU
thay ddi
eiia
cic yeu td kinh te xa hpi cung nhu
sU phit trien khpa hpc ky thuat, co cau chdc quin ly
thUc
hien du an dau
tu xiy
dung can phii
duge xiy
dung
sao
cho mdi quan he giufa cic hoat
ddng li tdt nhat
de'
dat dugc muc
tieu eiia
du in vi cd khi nang phin dng
nhanh nhat
vdi
nhdng thay doi vd mdi trudng dU in.
Trudc khi quyet djnh
lUa
chgn cP cau tp chdc quin ly doanh nghiep,
can tien hinh phin tfch die
df^m
nganh xiy dung mpt cich ky ludng, tip

trpng qui trinh xay dung co ciu to chdc bao gdm:
-Td chdc cua eg quan dugc giao nhiem vu quin ly dU an da san sing
cho cdng tic quin ly du in dau
tuxay
dung chua?
- Co quan
chii
quan di tdng thuc
hidn
thanh edng dU in dau tU xiy
dung nao chua? Hidn tai cd bao nhidu
dUin?
Loai nao?
- DU in dau tu xay dirng can
thUe
hien cd Idn khdng?
- Mdc dp phdc tap
eiia
dUin diu
tUxiy
dung dugc giao?
-
DUin
diu
tuxay
dung can thirc hien cd quan trgng, cd y nghia nhu
the nao ddi vdi su hung thjnh, tdn tai cua eo quan dupc giao nhiem vu
quin ly?
- Linh dao coquan chu quin mong mudn dieu gl? Mdc dp chap nhin
trong vide thay doi co cau td chdc hien ed

hdi hp phii hieu biet siu rpng ve cic mat chuydn mdn khac nhau. Ddng
thdi khi quy md doanh nghidp ting Idn vdi sd lugng eic bd phan true
thudc nhieu
thi
ngUdi quin ly cap cao se rat khd kiem soat dugc toan bd
cdng vide.
- Cfng dung: ip dung phu hgp vdi cic doanh nghidp cd quy md hoat
ddng don giin vi cd it sin pham. Vi mdt ngudi quin ly cap tren cd the
hieu rd rang nhdng hoat dgng
ciia
cap dudi mi khdng can phai thdng
qua cic co quan chdc nang hoac cic bd phan giup viec nao.
Tdng giim
d6c
l
X
&D
So Jo
CO
cau td chiic
true
tuyen cua mpt tong cong
ty
3.2. Ca cau
tochUc
theo kieu
chUc
ning
- Nguyen tic: tdng giam ddc la ngUdi quin ly chung cdn ve mat
chuydn mdn thi giao cho cac phdng ban chuydn mdn phu trich cie ITnh

thuan nhau, gay khd khan cho cap thda hanh va gap
nhi^u
khd khin khi
can cd sU phdi hgp gida eic phdng ban chdc
ning.
Cic phdng ban chufc
nang cd the
diin
day trach nhiem cho nhau neu cd sai lam,
sUvu
xay ra.
- Ung dung: ap dung cho cic doanh nghiep cd
die thii
cao, khi hoat
ddng gida cac bd phin tuong ddi dpc lap (nhu ngan hang, bip
hiem,
du
Ijch va chdng khoin)
So do CO cau to
chiic
theo chile nang cua
mpt
tong cong
ty
3.3. Ca cdu to
chUc
theo kieu
true
tuyen
chute

thUe hidn
cac quy djnh thudc pham vl chuydn mdn nginh.
Trong mdt sd trudng hgp neu khi nhan dupc su
u;/
quyen
ciia ngirdi
linh dao cap cao thi cic bd phin chdc nang nay cd the
true tiep dUa
ra
cic quyet djnh cu the.
- Liu diem: dat dugc tinh thdng nhat trpng menh
lenh.
Ning cap cic
quy djnh quin ly, giim bdt ginh nang cho ngudi quin ly cap cao cung
nhu quy
djnh trich nhiem
rdrang.
- Nhugc diem: mudn
cOcau
phit huy dugc tic dung tdt
thi
phil chii y
nhieu trong giai doan
xiy
dung
cocau.
Khi thiet ke nhidm vu cho moi bd
phan chdc ning thi ngirdl quin ly cap cao phii chi ra nhidm vu
eiia
mo'i

Marketing
P.
nhftns^
'
CAngtyA
P.
tki
chfnii,
KT
Ph6ng
k;
tliull
COngtyB
C5nglyC
So do CO
cau
to
ehijc
theo true tuyen
diiie
nang ciia mot
tdng
cong ty
3.4.
cacau tochUc theo
kilu
dudn
-
Nguyen
tac: Ddi

kieu true
tuyen
vi
true
tuyen chdc
ning.
Can
luu
y trong moi
dU
in co
cau
to chdc quin
ly ch! tdn
tai ciing thdi gian
dU in, khi
xong
dU
in thi
co cau
td chdc
dU
in
cung ket
thuc.Tlieo
co cau nay
thi
mdt
ngUdl
cd the ddng thdi tham gia

van
phdng chfnh eda cdng ty.
Tttng glim dtic
r
1
DainC
So do CO
eau
to
chile
theo dp an
cOa
mpt tong cong ty
4. Ket luan kien nghj
Co cau td chdc la mdt he thdng ehfnh thdc, giup cac bd phan, cic
phdng ban trong doanh nghiep cd ket, lidn he vdi
nhau.
Vdi co cau td
chdc
tdt
se
giup
cho
doanh nghidp boat
ddng
hidu qui
hon
vdi cic thdng
tin dugc
truydn

ning ip dung vio cic doanh nghiep cu the, cic dieu kien thUe te rieng.
Trong trudng hgp thue
te,
cac nhi quin ly doanh nghidp can hieu ky ve
cic
CO
ciu td chdc nay nhim muc dich ip dung chung cho
phii
hgp vdi
dieu kidn
eiia
doanh nghidp de mang lai hieu qui quin
I)?
tdt nhit.
TAlLlfUTHAMKHAO
1.
Le
Anh Dung
(2009),
Glao
trinh Lap ke hoach va
Qujn
ly dpan dau
tiTxay dimg,TrUcing dai
hpc Kien true Ha
Npi.
2.
Sinh
Tuan
Hii

Loi,
Ha Npi.
4.
Binh
Tuan
Hii
(2012),
Bai
giing "Quan ly doanh
nghiep"
cho dio tao dai hpc chuyen nganh
puin ly
do
'"'a
cong
trinh,
TnlSng
dai hoc
Kien
tnic Hi Npi.
01.2014 nnniipBi 99