
Mục lục
 !
"# 
$%&'()*+,-- '
1.1Tổng quan về tán xạ Raman..........................................................................1
' ' '). '
' ' /0123.4567809 '
' ' !:;<3 /
' ' =>8?8@A.8B.;<3 =
' ' CDE@F23.;<3 G
' ' HI. J
' ' GI,363 'K
1.2Đặc tính của tán xạ Raman kích thích........................................................12
' / 'LMNF,363 '/
' / /0O,363 '!
' / !P023EQ38B.;R 'G
' / =P023ST. 'G
1.3Ảnh hưởng của tán xạ Raman kích thích trong thông tin quang.............18
' ! 'P023:,:4U1NV 'W
' ! /P023:,:8BXY /!
1.4Thí nghiệm tán xạ Raman kích thích..........................................................27
' = 'D6B.N@F,363 /G
' = /D6B0O,363 !K
$%&/(ZY[)*+,--\]$]$\^$+
]_>- !/
2.1Sự cần thiết phải khuyếch đại quang..........................................................32
2.2Những khái niệm cơ bản về khuyếch đại quang........................................33
/ / 'LMN@F45`a`bN@F !!
/ / /c8B`bN@F<3 !C
/ / !$deQN@F !G

nq, nq88B8,3i €.f•`
Y$r Y.i8.B$B6i.3r`i8 :;`‚.ƒ
Y,- Y.8`ie,363-6fji8 nbN@F,363S`
Y,: YB`fi,3@fi:3i8 I,3@fiNo
Y:r Y.i8.B:jier`i8 :;e„.ƒ
qYr- q8`6Y8Bier`i8-6fji8 \@F<3.;3q8`6
rX rB8X34iI 8b`.z
Y 8BifB@Y.i8.B .ƒ4lz6
m,- m6ie,363-6fji8 nbN@F,363l8
rY BeirifeY36ii8 09ND8096Bei
r B.ir8i .S6
m:q Bfi38:8Bei8q<3B L018?:8Bei8@F
,… Bw,i8wBw…i8B †,…
:n: :6f3ien8ffB:3i8 In8ffBNDD
:r :fiBeir`i8 :;16Bei
:, :3fwBwB.i,3B €.D8Vc
:L :ifjL3.iBef3B AFTe„3
:,: :6f3ie,363:3i8 I,363NDD
XY X34ifiY4.BffiI oNVS3iB`0U.z
*L $8B..L3.iBef3B AF3oB

Đồ án tốt nghiệp Đại họcMở đầu
MỞ ĐẦU
I,363f5<8?IN75‡I|@83eB.T0123.
4U678094lE8B.;<3 
I,363`3B6I,363T45I,363NDD:,: b
6}I,363S@|0IEF<8?8@AD8B.;<3‡f56
ac8B<306}NI,363ˆz‰
|0DT‡M`lEf5N|aN@FD<3 n4l@‡3@
ŠN6U0;‡I,363†‹8EA.T<3S6‡Vd 

*|613?‡09S45``•†b4V‡‹O8B.9
3<3
5b‡5@/K'Ka6/KKC
:4V
Mai Nguyên Dũng
Mai Nguyên Dũng- D2001VT Học viện Công nghệ Bưu chính Viễn thông

CHƯƠNG 1: TÁN XẠ RAMAN
1.1 Tổng quan về tán xạ Raman
1.1.1 Ánh sáng
).zDf0OD.z DE.z23.0;<3.
E@<30;3BB3‡.ƒ ).z`|E.zŠ $
6Bei809Šf5l623018?.z DE23
.0;Œ<3N|aS6I@V‡0;<3‡eQBB 
).`3B6BB63af0;I„`yj8Bzf5y.
Lf3N‘jf5.23.
1.1.2 Tương tác của ánh sáng và môi trường
b‚6.ŠSN745B67809`„|I6b6}a
 LN‹I45B67809f`„.ƒ‡`„67809EQ45`„I6b
4A6D3
iBmB8iI3Š3l‰|F1`|.3S@(
 LS•236E0;B5ŠB45ifi8B qfi8BzNf0;6
4563D@V
'J
'K H‡'
−
−=
e
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 nV8B4leŽ‡ifi8B@ŒbB5B5TeB $@Œbz0U

ω
−=−=
h' Kk
8BzNf5y.“23fT5‡I„.e3Bb8V23
ifi8BiBd(
mk p
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f0OTe3Bb‡`dI.zŠdE m0OTe3BbˆzŒ43
64US•I<3‡8@Aaf0;e3BbB‹ :T`|B
af0;e3Bb4?.z454?43601014UeQ236bfT
†6
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grf
−=
h' Kk
f5323ifi8BNe3Bb‡NF<|f5018?@Œb23
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eErgrmrm
+
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n
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n
k
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3@MF.E23f•.;?.;<30;353fB mB.;zF
.EAf•0;f5.;<3F.E`l mB.;z€.F.E
f•|6eŠS6f•83UfUF‰3f•454{|I0;f5.;z
F.E83eihw83eieeiIk FS3iB6Bei8@AeŽ?zfB
.;<336Bei45.;16Bei :;36BeiBoA6Bei8@AeŽ
8Bz‘.;16Bei€Bo6b6Bei8@AeŽ8Bz
h3k h`k
hk
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h3k:;<3h`k:;F.E`lhk:;F.E|6e
b8B4lf0;.•eQ8b8†ŒFB.;<33@f5.f
eBIei:•
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8‹de0? ' / 8Bz6•@V•.f0;`3B<3``
@V••I@i
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:;<3ˆzŒ0;34UAEN3Œ3@M€.
F.E DeQ
/
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α
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h' Kk
ŒDB..@3B‡14„090;.•eQf5
dB
α
[ ]
kmdB p

L018?@ŒM14„(
[ ]
m
dB
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
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
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FU4ANB|8@AeŽ8B7<3
mB.;<3M`FE8VFU3@f5.;<316BeiV
“hiBN@F„ HC/23wk:rw/W
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λ
λ
λλ
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`4?Fd@FAI|@83D323.; „
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?' =h`k7.E0;Bf5N7M8V6bAe5.;(
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K
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K
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k'h
χ
z438‘8EfU8BL‡‰|0eBzi6
f0;`Œ<3.F.E‡..@3B
α
b|6E3
k/h
χ
f5
@VSS@83d0.B5S6E3 @V4US•z
E8‹Id0
/
SiO
‡
k/h
χ
0`yKVzŒ`{<3 $b|6
k=h








+=+=
h' Kk
8Bz
K
n
f55Qb`0U.z23F.E
n
‡
eff
A
f5eD
eQ23.;<3‡
/
n
0;f5€.F.E@F €.
eff
An p
/
0;
f5.@F 36.5@zŒB0;65N7`FeD
eQ23.;<3
B583NVdd@F8B.;<36b36.‰3
ˆ0;0383f5

f5eDeQ23.;
$€.F.E@F
/
n
h
/K
/
'K= !/ /
−
×÷=n

Wm p
/
kfV<34U
k!h
χ
0
.3(
( )
k!h
/
,i
W
!
χ
⋅=
n
n
h' Kk
U

8?I0;f5I:BNi 0;f‡F.Iz.fU1
.U?.I0;f5.|:BNi45<8?I
0;f5I|:BNi UIN75‡14„Bbe„23
.If5h83ep.kB}f56
'−
4U
c
v
π
/
Ω
=
−

h
−
v
f5e„@Œ.iB6
'−
‡
Ω

f5e„@Œ.iB83ep.45f54l23.8BSN7iB
6p.k
$dI.’f56U7.E<3fUEzŒ8@A8B
.; 8BXYIf5@VSS@c‰3NV @V
I,363ˆ0;deQ8B`bN@F<3,363‰
`0U.z65`bN@F<3qYr-N7‚; dIn8ffBf5
@Vfg8B`b|6dBb67809‰165`b|6d
N7‚;

/
ω
≈
'
ω
w
Ω

0;fF8zaf0;E1?<8?IB83
.|:BNiz.
Ω+≈
'/
ωω
‡Vf‰36daf0;8N
458Df5af0;236bBB TF‡I|:BNi
09@F1I:BNi
.23BBI0;I„`y.e3Bb23@V• 
UR‡<3M23.I,3636A5.N
3f5eB@V•8BRe3Bb8B6bNB|.8E8b
dI,363T0;deQŒI„E8‹23S•‡
5EB45fBfVNF8BS•z
\3ae7.E`1645B?7.E23.z:BNiˆae 
0F07.E.z`1640;<6b8„I„?7.E.z
:BNi.’afV8E3iB566ˆ @VSS@830;5@f5<
8?I,363NDD
1.2 Đặc tính của tán xạ Raman kích thích
1.2.1 Phổ khuếch đại Raman
?' WLMN@F,36323.;:f`0U.z`16
m
p

Qb45B5f•.;<345zŒ3@M8EfU
F3V6E45Bf•.; ?' W`Œec
R
23.;.fiBbe„
`0U.z`16
p
λ
š'
m
µ
F`0U.z`16N'
m
µ
‡zŒD0;
R
`y
fE@„|B.TQb23
R
45B
p
λ

Œ6‹gE8BMN@F,36323.;.ff5
R
NoBe58B
6b64.8E8bhU=K•k4U€N@Fbe„
'!• A5@I|@83f5eBDŒTV23R.f 8B4l
f47„?0.f.e3BbS•8|8b5Ae|oB
fV345856be|fVQ \F<|f5N›4U018@A
eŽ80US@hzMN@F,363y68B6be|.žk‡MN@F

k F07.E`1640;<6b8„0O‡5
.5@0;N@Fze<@fl566ˆ $D4?4l@5
.:BNi0;.83eB:,:Qb8„€8BMN@F,363 
be„‰3.z`1645.z:BNi8B809;5@0;f5e„@Œ
,3633@e„@Œ:BNi
1.2.2 Ngưỡng Raman
Œ?60;0O,363‡3<3S6F.T01‰3.z:BNi45.z
`16 8B809;.zf5fVQ‡.T015@0;NF`}
018?.3(

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ppspR
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8?0M.BBf5N7MeBz(
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}e‚|DF|.T.@BIN67|<8?:,:03zŒ
`{<3Œy66QD0Uf0;0O,363 m‹5@018?h' /'kz
Œ|0;`y`{<35V4F|hf55S@83.@
BIk30;(
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kk KhiIhk Khkh LLIgILI
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h' Kk
U(
eff
L
š
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kiIh'
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kh
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4‚ž€NF Šh' /Wk3D830;(
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LLoIgPLP
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eff
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ˆQb45B
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$7d8Vf5AN0O,363l‡AN0O,3630;
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`|BB58B<8?f38@A F.TSTN70;`|BB5‡0O
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IB8bB5B5?0O,363.’afV/f
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4UTf@8@A
eŽmš'K6 \7.E45B`y4U8„0O‡7.E`16@Œ5
7.E:BNi8E3z 8BTF‡.z:BNi.’Bb06b.z
`1645.83.z:BNiE/F07.E23z2fUŒB|6†01
8?h' !Ck \F<|f5F7.E`16fU‡`V8B.;.838EA.z
:BNi45.f0;.z:BNiQb45B7.E45B
1.2.3 Ảnh hưởng của các chất phụ gia trong sợi thuỷ tinh
:;R0;BŠ•;BIeiz|@ $BIei5@B836b4l
f6UzE8‹6S•fVNF•; 709.;R
0;3;EN34DeQ0
‡
C/
OP
/
GeO
Œ3@M6b.DE
23R0€.F.E‡..ƒ $EQ35@ˆf563@
M<3MI,36323.;R
?' Jw>3MI,36323fBRBIei0;






−= L
KA
P
LgdBG
s
eff
effR
α
K
!= =kh
h' Kk
8Bz\f5.ST .STl8„v'xN.`1645
.DST45l8„v/xN3.5@8T3B
?' 'KP02301<3ST
‰3.D45.`16
1.3 Ảnh hưởng của tán xạ Raman kích thích trong thông tin quang
1.3.1 Ảnh hưởng của SRS đối với hệ thống đơn kênh
>8?8@A6bI8B.;<3zŒ0;67|`y018?
:8Bei8@Fhm:wBfi38:8Bei8i<3Bk–'—(
AAiA
t
Ai
t
A
z

β
/
β
f5.8BN38Œ3@fB8
23
β

L018?m:†`3B6.@3B7<3
α
‡.ƒ657<3
/'
‡
ββ
45
.@F
γ

..ƒY<34Uy.f38@A
/'
‡
ββ
iB018?(
/
/
/
/
'
/
λ
λ

23zzŒ.B.4U.63
K
ω
V‰
oD‹ŒIS@eT018?h' !Gkˆ|Ii6Iof
Bb23:,:8B.;<3.’1|8EAF|.•8y
d2367809f5d9 8Š809;Izb8bO'Kj.‡f‹5@
d2367809l68D‘l61|dI
\zŠ018?h' !GkD||023:,:‡.T01‰3I
`1645I:BNi0;NF`}018?(
[ ]
ps
p
psppp
pp
p
p
gp
p
AA
g
AAAiA
t
A
i
t
A
vz
A
///

AA
g
AAAiA
t
A
i
t
A
vz
A
///
/
/
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ŸŸ
/
ŸŸ/ŸŸ
//
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−+=+
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
γ
α

ω
ω
=
h' Kk
F`{<3.@3B4503018?h' !Jk45h' =Kk4A6A93“
B30;(
z
A
p
∂
∂
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A
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p
p
∂
∂
β
š
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ps
p
pspp
AA
g

[ ]
sp
s
spss
AA
g
AAAi
///
ŸŸ
/
ŸŸ/ŸŸ −+
γ
h' Kk
8Bz(
šw•p4
gp
‡
'' −−
−=
gsgp
vvd
h' Kk
Uf593“BQb45B4lz64
gp
‡36.e0;f5
36.vX3fNwBjjx‡S@f536.}80BbVf4l‰3.z`16
45.z:BNi‡709z8„/
H
÷
.p6 $36.Y

λ
γ
=
/
‡
p
s
p
s
gg
λ
λ
=
h' Kk
4UIzb8b
K
T
3„˜3be5vX3fNw•jjx
W
L
‡45be5.ƒ
D
L
(