DOI N€T V€ HOnr DONG OUV HORCH VR SU DUNG DAT CONG
CUfl NGUdl PHflP TRONG KHU VUC PHO CO HR NOI
CUOI THCKV XIX DRU THCKV XX

NGUYEN THI BINH

S

au chi du ngay 1-10-1888, Ha Npi 1. Loai h i n h d a t cong t r o n g k h u pho co
trd thanh nhUdng dia cua Phap. Tfl Ha Noi niia d a u t h e ky XDC
day, ngUdi Phap bat tay vao cong cupc khai
Khu vUc phd' cd (1) Ha Npi hien nay gdm
thac, lam chu Ha Npi vdi nhii'u hoach dinh 76 tuyi'n phd', thupc 10 phUdng: Ccta Ddng,
nhU: thiet lap t h i chi' mdi, sap xep, quy Ddng Xuan, Hang Bac. Hang Bd, Hang
hoach lai dd thi Ha Npi nham bii'n Ha Npi Bdng, Hang Budm, Hang Dao, Hang Gai,
thanh "thu phii eiia xU Ddng DUdng", mpt Hang Ma, L^ Thai Td. Qua nhflng thao tac
"Paris thu nho", "niem tU hao cua mdu so sanh thong tin tfl dia ba, thdng tin dii'u
qud'c Phap". Ni'n tang cd ban cua cong cupc tra dien da cac di tich tren dia ban (xem
quy hoach Ha Npi chinh la chinh sach vi' phu luc 1) ki't hdp vdi phfldng phap ban dd
da't dai. Trong chuyen
Sd dd 1: Ban dd giap cac ddn vi tong dau the ky XIX
luan nay, chung tdi chi
trong pham vi khu vUc pho co Ha Npi
tap trung nghiin cflu cac
boat dpng quy hoach va sii
dung loai hinh da't cong
cua ngUdi Phap trong
pham vi khong gian khu
vUc Phd cd Ha Npi. Du chi
nghiin cflu trong pham vi
nhd vdi mpt loai hinh da't

286.6.11.6.3.7
0.0.00.0.0.0
0%
38.2.03.0.4.0
6%
102.0 05 5 9.0
16,38%
632.6.04.8.0.0
100%
1161.9.10.8.3.0

chung ta xae dinh dUpc dia gidi hanh chinh
ciia khu vUc nay trong niia dau the ky XIX
(xem sd do 1).
Cd the tha'y khu phd' cd Ha Npi nam trpn
ven trong 5 ddn vi tdng dau the ky XIX
gdm: tdng Ddng Thp, tdng Ddng Xuan, tdng
Phuc Lam, tdng Thuan My va tdng Vinh
XUdng thupc huyin Thp Xudng. Trong do,
dien tich ciia 4 tdng: Dong Thp, Dong Xuan,
Phiic Lam, Thuan My nfim trpn ven trong
pham vi phd' cd'. Riing tdng Vinh Xudng,
mpt phan diin tich, chinh xae la hai thdn
Yin Trung Ha va Yen Trung ThUdng nam
trong pham vi khu vUc phd' cd hiin nay,
phan cdn lai thupc khu vUc phia Dong Nam
thanh Ha Npi.
Dua vao nhflng thong tin k i khai trong
dia ba dau thi' ky XIX ciia cac tdng, thdn,
phudng bao gdm toan bp dien tich ciia khu

1722.8.13.9.1.4
100%
3117.8.11.9.3.4

22%
61,6%
0%
41,4%
46,2%
36,7%
37,25%

nay va ehiem 36,7% diin tieh da't cong toan
huyin. Trong do:
- Loai hinh da't tU nhiin gdm: Da't dich
xa, bai cat bdi, bai cat trang chua thanh
da't, phu sa thang dien... chii'm tdi 90%
dien tich da't tu nhiin toan huyin Thp
Xudng. Loai da't nay thupc quyi'n sd hi3u
nha nude nhUng thupc dia phan thon,
phudng nao thi do ddn vi hanh chinh do
quan \f.
• Loai thfl hai do thdn, phudng quan ly
nhu ciia cong va do cpng ddng cU dan sii
dung gdm: Cdng hd, Cdng hd pha. Cong ho
ngoai de, Cdng pha tri, Gii'ng... Loai nay b >
khu vuc Phd' cd chii'm 22% diin tich mat
nudc toan huyen.
- Loai thU ba la cac loai "cong thd" gdm:
Cdng chau thd, Cdng chau thd trdng dSu,

Trong cdng bao ciia Thanh phd' Ha Npi nam
1916 cd de cap vi' cae dU an la'p hd ao nay:


Bdi n& ve hoaf ddng guy hoaeh..
"Du an A: La'p nhflng cai ao b phia Bac
Ha Npi da dupc bat dau tfl nam 1915. Cong
viic nay phai dupc hoan thanh vao nhflng
nam tii'p sau de la'y da't phan ca'p thanh
tflng sua't, dam bao cho sfl Iflu thdng nUdc
ve phia nhflng con pho bao quanh ehung.
Cung di dam bao viic lUu thdng nUdc song
bang cac cong trinh khac bang viic thay
the nhflng ao hd cd trUdc kia lam thanh
nhflng vung dim.
Cudi nam 1915 da la'p hi't 50000m^ da't
va tieu hi't 13000 ddng bac. Viie ca'p 15000
ddng bac vfla dUdc cha'p thuan cho viie tii'p
tuc mpt vai cdng trinh: k i n h dan nfldc, cdu,
den bu chiem dung da't...
Dfl an B: Du an nay bao gdm viic la'p ao
Sdm Cong va xay dung cdng. Dd'i vdi cdng
trinh nay, neh nhac lai, ngudn nUdc cua ta't
ca khu phd' bao gdm gifla phd' Hdng Budm
va Hang Gao (nay la phd Chd Gao - TG),
phd Hang Ngang va phd' Hang Bac, di'u
chay vao Sam Cdng, ao "dong kin" va chi
can nUdc bang each bay hdi. Khdng can
phai he lp ve tud'i tac ciia nhflng cai ao nay,
ta't ca nhflng gi thanh phd quan tam la vi"


Ngoai ra, de lam tang t h i m quy dat cdng
cua thanh phd eung nhu thuan ldi cho viic
trUng dung da't dai trong cac du an quy
hoach, ngfldi Phap da dung mpi "biin phap"
lam chii da't dai eiia dinh, di'n, chda, mie'u.
Day la loai hinh da't thd cung nhu da niu b
tren, thupc quyi'n quan ly cua nha nfldc


Bfli n6t ve hoat dong guy hoach..
nhUng quyi'n sd hflu va sfl dung cua cpng
ddng lang xa thdi phong kii'n. Ngudi Phap
mudn nam quyen lam chu va sut dung loai
hinh da't dai nay da yeu cau nhdm cpng
ddng cfl dan phai trinh gia^y td chflng minh
quyi'n sd hflu. Ni'u khdng cd gigiy td thi se
hi Thanh phd sung cdng vao cac muc dich
xay dung cdng cpng ma khdng dUdc de'n bu.
Ket qua la hdu het cac cong trinh thupc sd
hflu tu nhan hi sung cdng trong thdi k;^ nay
la nhflng dinh vpng, thd cac dng thanh
hoang lang hoac dng td nghe do nhflng
ngUdi tfl cac tinh xa di cU din thu dd lam
5n budn ban. Phan ldn cae cdng trinh tin
ngudng nay nam trong khu vUc phd'co.
Dudi day la mpt bang chflng ve hoat
dpng "trflng dung" da't thdn tfl Phat tu cua
ngUdi Phap:
"Thu ngay 18 thang 6 nam Thanh Thai

nao cd viec cdng, thdi hpi chd a'y, tfl ma'y
nam nay tiiu dung gi din nhflng bae ddng,
thdi chd a'y khong cd due bac nfla, lai ich cd
hpi hiip Dinh ay chi giao cho t i n Li Van
Che lam tfl d gifl phung thd.
Nha tdi phuc xet chd ay, thud dau nhflng
ke mua ban vang bac (la nhflng hat ngu tai
phd ay ma mua ban) quyin gdp tii'n bac ma
cat lam ehd ky, vd'n lam eho de ma nhom
nhflng ma'y ngudi thd due bac, nhdm a'y lai
dat lam chd thd ong Tiin sU bdn nghe, may
nam nay tieu xai nhflng bac ddng, l;hdi
nhflng thd due bac nd thay b cho khac, thdi
ehd a'y lai giao cho 1 ngudi lam tfl coi gifl,
hien nay da nhii'u hu nat, nghi Ung lUdng
cho tii'n bac, khii'n chung no dem bai vi
Tiin su hiep vdi mii'u phd khac ma thd, cdn
da't dy cung 3 cai nha ngdi sap vi' thanh
phd'gifl lam" (8).
La thu nay tudng chflng nhfl la mpt
minh chflng cho tinh cdng khai, khach
quan va dan chu cua ngUdi Phap trong viie
trUng dung da't dai. ThUc cha't, no la mpt
biin phap cfldng ep, chii'm doat da't cdng
cua dan lang bie'n thanh dat cdng ciia
Thanh phd', sau dd ban lai eho tfl nhan, mpt
hinh thflc "bie'n cdng vi tU" ma ldi nhuan
rdi vao tui cua nhflng ngUdi cam quyen.
Co rat nhieu la ddn khieu nai trUdc
hanh dpng xam thuc da't dai b nhflng chd'n

nhflng ndi khd thd'ng ciia dan Viet Nam
trong vdng dd hp ciia mpt nude manh hdn,
ehi true ldi, chi uy hie'p ma thdi, Sau vi thi'
cd, ngan cd khong keu dUdc, nen dan lang
ehung con gat li, ma bo so' tie'n ra de chupc
lai ngdi dinh de la'y chd ma thd kinh nhUng
ac nghiep thay, tan bao thay, hp khdng cho
mua, hp cfl ban cho t i n L i Thuan Khoat vi
ten nay hdi dd lam Nghi Viin, quyi'n hanh
va than mat vdi ngudi Phap lam..." (9).
Mdt la ddn trinh bay dudng nhu da lam
sang to nhflng "gdc khua't" trong chinh sach
quy hoach va sfl dung dat cdng cua ngUdi
Phap.
3. Ket l u a n
Toan bd cac hoat ddng quy hoach ciia
ngUdi Phap trong khu vUe phd'co Ha Npi co
the dii'm qua nhU: pha thanh Ha Npi, la'p
hd ao, trung dung da't thd tu... di'u nham
muc dich dau tien la tang ngudn vd'n da't
cdng. Nhflng hoat dpng quy hoach ciia
ngUdi Phap da phan anh ro net mpt ehinh
sach dat dai mang nang tu tudng thflc dan.
Ngudi Phap dung mpi hoat dpng di' tang
quy da't cong da cd s i n tfl trfldc trong khu
phd'cd nghia la tang quy tai san'thupc dia,
song ehi sfl dung ehung vao cac muc dich
quy hoach t r i n binh dien diem b nhflng vi
tri quan trpng va ich ldi dd'i vdi ho. Day
chinh la cd sd, ni'n tang cua ta't ca mpi hoat

Hiina NaanE
HiinE Bac. Ma Mflv, Ta Hifin

DflfiE Yen (ihfln)

Nauv^n Huu Huan

GiiiNEif{ih6n)

Gia Ngu. Dinh L i 6 i

Ha Kh^u(phu'ctnK)
HuiTng M m h (ihfin)

M J May. Ta H i i n . Dflng Thai. Nguyen Van Sifiu. HiiiiE Bu6m
Dinh L i c l . Htnmg M i n h
Hang Be

NamHoadhOn)
NhiSm Thuong (ih6n)
Ngir Vong (Lh6n)
LTuNEhiadhon)

Hang Diiu. CAu C f l
Luong NKOC Ouye'n
H^nE Chinh, Luang Ngoc Ouvfin. N g u y i n Hihi HuSn

11. T u n g D o n g X u d n
Cd Litona (ihfin)


Hang Lutfc. Giim Cau

VTnh Hanh (phufma)

Hiing Ducma. Hiing M a , Hang Ruoi

V i n h TrO (th6n)

Hang Khoai, HiinE Luoc

Yfln Phd (thdn)

Hiing Ma, Hana Ruoi


Hghien curu Lieh 5i3r. s6 7.2014

40

m . Tong Phuc Lam
Huong Nghta (ihfln)
Nguyen Khie'f Ha (ihOn)
Nguyen Khie! Thuang (ihfln)
Phuc Lam (thon)
Trang U u (thfln)
Trilna TTianh (Ihfln)
TriJng Thanh Trung Siii Dong (ihon)
IV. Tong Thuan MJ
Dai l_ai (phudng)
Dflng Ha(phudng)

Thudc Bac, Bai Dan, Hang Bo
Hang Vai. Himg Chai, L.d Ren, Hiing Col, Himg Gii. Ci!ra D6ng
Hang Oual
Hang Hdm
TdTich. Hang Quat, Luang Van C ^
Hang Can. Luang Van Clan, Hang Bo
Hang Da. Hang Dieu. Hang Thiec. Nha Hoa
Hang Non
Yen Thai. Hang Miinh
Ha Trung. Ngo Tram. Nguyen Van Td
Nguyen CJuang Bich, Hang Bong

CHU THICH
* Nghien CLIU nay duoc tai trcf bSi Quy Phat
trien Khoa hpc vk Cong nghe Qud'c gia
(NAFOSTED), trong De tai ma so IV 3.2-2011.11.
(1). Khai nifim khu pho co, khu pho buon ban,
khu 36 pho phuong duoc diing deu n h i m muc dich
chi khu vUc phia Dong t h a n h Ha Npi, giap vdi song
Hong, ngay nay la bp phan quan trong nhat cua
qulln Hoan Kiem cung nhu ciia Thii d6 Ha Npi.
Khu vuc pho' cd, theo Quyet dinh so 70 BXD/KT
ng&y 30-03-1995 ciia Bp xay ddng duoc gidi han
nhu sau: Phia Bic: pho Hang Dau; Phia Tay: pho
Phung HUng; Phia Nam: pho' Hang Bong, Hang
Gai, Ciu Go, Hang Thiing; Phia Dong: pho Tran
Quang Khai, Tran Nhat Duat.
(2). Bang tho'ng ke sii dung so lieu trong cuo'n
Dia ba cd Hd Ngi, tap 2, Nxb. Ha Npi, Ha Npi,
2010 do GS. Phan Huy Le chu bien.