English 11 Unit 2 – Review
Language focus
A. Pronunciation: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ the nasal consonant
/m/ lips sound /n/ / /ŋ
Lips: Together in a “humming” position
Airstreams: Continuous through the nose
Vocal cords: Vibrating
Tongue: Firmly pressed against gum ridge
behind upper front teeth
Airstreams: Continuous through the nose
Vocal cords: Vibrating
Back of tongue: Raised toward the soft
palate.
Airstreams: Continuous through the nose
Vocal cords: Vibrating
- At the beginning of the word
me
may
more
milk
month
matter
- In the middle of the word
army
among
lemon
animal
summer
something
- At the end of the word
am

finger
hungry
- At the end of the word
doing
going
running
singing
belong
- /n/ doesn’t occur at the beginning of the
word.
- When n followed m in the same syllable,
it is usually NOT pronounced; it is silent.
column
damn
Solemn autumn
- When an unstressed syllable begin with /t/
or /d/ and ends with /n/ is frequently
pronounced as “syllabic” /n/.
written
kitten
curtain sadden
- The letter ng or ngue at the end of the
words are always pronounced /ŋ/
wrong sing tongue
- The letter n before g or k is usually
pronounced /ŋ/
hungry single thank
drink
Sound identification ː /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ might substitute more familiar at the end of the words.
If you say /n/ instead of /m/: some will sound like sun

Form
Positive Negative Question
I / he / she / it I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking?
you / we / they You were speaking. You were not speaking. Were you speaking?
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English 11 Unit 2 – Review
Use of Past Progressive
• Puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.
• Two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
• Action going on at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
Adverb of time
• when, while, as long as, by the time + simple past
3. Past Perfect
Form
Positive Negative Question
I had spoken. I had not spoken. Had I spoken?
Use of Past Perfect
• Action taking place before a certain time in the past: used with after, before, when, by the time, as soon as
(putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration)
Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
By the time I got to the station, the train had left
When I got home yesterday I realized that I had lost my key.
• Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past)
Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.
Adverb of time
• already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
Example: Until last week he had never painted the room