S
PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI TOÁN HÓA VÔ CƠ
(GV: Trương Châu Thành-Trường THPT Chuyên TG)

A-GIẢI NHANH BÀI TOÁN TRẮC NGHIỆM VÔ CƠ
1/



→




→

↑
 !→

 !



VD1: "#$%&'()*


+
#,#-./01234562789::;!00<




."/.4H5NI200W#XB00W.YN?8!'&'(;?8N4.5'!
H4;I
8C8

 D:#E !D !

 D:#=D:#$= ;;?8DN!N8;!"B8N!8" !

D%%:#$=+9#+D+K#4;
2/ Axít + Ocid bazơ ( kể cả ocid bazơ không tan)
VD1)*


+
→4;"!
 ZC[00< !
)*
F

R
→L;"!
8C8


D+4LR→



→


"."5'00= 84.(`La4=
 Z`%XB.5';
%
;?8N4=
Z`@1NV!"2"5P0^8;U8XB.Y.5';

;?8N4=
b8P.;

G;
%
D:#T%4;2."&'(5`.c!d;"!8e4)*2)*


+
!%%=;U
8/.<"@45Rf
=#TJ4; b=K#$4; =K#$$4; =9#J4;
%
m
muối
= m
Kim Loại
+ m
gốc axít
m
M
2H
+
+ O


4;)* !

 !

→)* !
+
2a a
;

G;
%
D4=T%D:#T% →4D:#:%→;D=4=+DK#$4;
3/ Axít + Bazơ ( kể cả bazơ không tan)

VD 1  0<



(C[278g'()*HI
+
4;"!#!HI
+
L;"!# HI

;"!



D+4+LD

008
h
=08
h

"
k

=(DT b=(mT =(ET =Tm(m%:
8C8

D:#+=:#:#+=:=%=D:#%;"!


D:#=:#:#=:#=D:#%J;"!


0D:#:→(ET
VD3_.n400<[4:#%;"!42:#%9;"!b4HI

`L4"8]
!V.00<&'([4 !:#%-2



:#:9-f
=%!V. b=!V. =+!V.=!V.
8C8

D:#%:#%9=D:#

200r=V(6400r=
Giải:

L5D:#9:#9=:#9=D:#9


(D:#+T9=D:#T9


0D:#:9;"! →


D:#%→(D%
5/ CO, H
2
khử oxít kim loại sau Al tạo Kim loại + CO
2
, H
2
O


H
+
+ OH
-
→ H
2
O
nH

D4+L

 → 


4+L←4+L→4+L
VD2:-M.&'(W^;)*


+
#)*2-UN?8!'!#."5UU%#
-=>8"W(C[278 0H(C["."I#.45'Q.\2
&'( 2 

=&'(RN8s472X8.""49NP..64=W/5<
N?8!')*


+
#)*."&'(W=
Giải: ;"F8.@\.!#G%#D+#:4;E%J:4TLD+#:
 

DH.""F8.@\.ID 4 
+
D:#:9E+4LD:#:9E4D:#:%tLD:#:
VD3;M.&'()*


+

: 4

 
+

→ 4 
+
↓


 
+

→

 

↑




→

↑
4


+


7/ Định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
;

g'(N8;!"B8;
%
00< !.5';

00<#;
+
NVb2
;

\NX.4=
4U;;
%
D;

;
+
;

⇒;

D;;
%
G;
+
G;




g'()*#-#,(C[00< !0.H;;
%
I4;;?8=
;

g'(.](C[00< !.L4"8]4;;?8f
8C8
=;
;?8!"4
D;
N8;!"B8
;
!

⇒;
!

D;
%
⇒
!

D
9#+9
%
m
;"!
=bC"."58d.V !



DJJD%;"!E
+

E

=

D:#9;"!
%;"!:=9;"!
;"F8.D;N8;!"B8;D;:#9=%JDH;$I4;
Vídụ 4: ".4"."&'(^;:#%;"!)*

24;"! 

2"00<

+
23456#.5'00<Wc[4;?8@A2NV0RQ.=8/.<
4!
8C800^;:#%;"!)*
+
#4;"! 

#H:#4I;"!


=
/(01!L.58d.V+=:#%=4DH:#4I→4D:#:J
VD5: 84&'(N8;!"B8#bU"/.<NX5g8.(`La4=Z`

OH
n
n
D%#⇒@C(y;.B";?8
=O8 ;?84 
+
→4;"!bR].? 4L"4LD%   4D
:#:$;"!
4


+
→L;"!bR].?4.84LD%#⇒LD
:#:;"!
VD
2
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