CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP
THPT
VÀ LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG
2009
Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Chuyên đ ề : CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
I. MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ
- Không phải ngẫu nhiên mà người ta coi đại từ quan hệ là một trong “tứ trụ” trong cấu
trúc tiếng Anh. Đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng rất rộng rãi cả trong văn nói và trong văn
viết. Do đó các em cần tập trung vào học cấu trúc này.
II. KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN
1. Who – that (chủ ngữ chỉ người)
The man is my teacher. The man is at the door.
Æ The man who/ that is at the door is my teacher.
(phần gạch chân là mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ bổ nghĩa cho “the man”).
The girl is from Vietnam. The girl is wearing red.
Æ The girl who is wearing red is from Vietnam.
2. Which – that (chủ ngữ chỉ vật)
The book is interesting. The book is on the table.
Æ The book which is on the table is interesting.
The pencil is Nam’s. The pencil is red and blue.
Æ The pencil which is red and blue is Nam’s.
3. Whom, which, that (tân ngữ)
3.1. Whom (dùng cho người), that (dùng cho cả người và vật), which (dùng cho vật):
là tân ngữ trực tiếp, không đi kèm giới từ.
I know the man. You met the man yesterday.
Æ I know the man whom/ that you met yesterday.
He loves the children. You teach the children.
Æ He loves the children whom you teach.
I haven’t found the pen. I lost the pen yesterday.
Æ I haven’t found the pen which/ that I lost yesterday.

- Mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ xác định: là thành phần cơ bản trong câu, không thể thiếu,
không thể bỏ đi được.
The book is interesting. The book is on the table
Æ the book which is on the table is interesting.
- Mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ không xác định: là m ệ n h đề cung cấp thêm thông tin, là
thành phần không cơ bản, có thể bỏ đi được.
Nam’s book is interesting. It is on the table.
Æ Nam’s book, which is on the table, is interesting.
Chú ý:
o Mệnh đề này đứng giữa hai dấu phẩy
o Mệnh đề tính ngữ không xác định khi thành phần trong câu đ ã được xác định
bằng tính t ừ s ở hữu, tính t ừ ch ỉ định hoặc yếu tố duy nhất.
9. Từ chỉ lượng với đại từ quan hệ
some of/most of/a lot of/both of/neither of/a pair of…+ whom/ which
I go to school with some friends. Most of them are boys.
2
Æ I go to school with some friends, most of whom are boys.
We sent him two pictures. Both of them were new.
Æ We sent him two pictures, both of which were new.
10. Các trường hợp không dùng “that”
- Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ
I know the man with whom you live
- Mệnh đề có chứa từ chỉ lượng
They met many children, most of whom were girls.
- Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó
He often sailed across the lake, which nobody had done before.
11. Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn
11.1. Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với phân từ
The Royal College, which was founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this
country.

3. My brother has just sold his town house. His dream is to live in a farm house.
4. We pay a visit to the house. We lived in the house 10 years ago.
5. They’ll never forget the day. Their wedding took place on that day.
6. What was the name of the year? Your son was born on that year.
7. Hai phong is a nice city. Its streets are green.
8. I like the dog. Its fur is white.
9. Felipe bought a camera. The camera has three lenses.
10. Frank is the man. We are going to nominate Frank for the office of treasurer.
11. Janet wants a typewriter. The typewriter can self-correct.
Bài tập 2: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau:
1. She gives her children everything……….they want.
a.that b. who c. whom d.what
2. Tell me……….you want and I will try to help you.
a.that b.what c.who d .which
3. The place………….we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
a.what b.who c.where d.which
4. What was the name of the girl………..passport was stolen?
a.whose b.who c.which d.when
5. The bed………….I slept in was too soft.
a.whose b.which c.what d.who
6. Nora is the only person………...understands me.
a.which b who c. what d . whose
7. Why do you always disagree with everything………....I say?
a.who b. which c.when d.what
8. This is an awful film. It is the worst………..I have never seen.
a.who b. that c. what d. whom
9. The hotel ………...we stayed was not clean.
a.who b. that c. where d. when
10. The last time ………..I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
a.who b.that c. where d. when

a.which b.who c.whose d.where
26. The factory………....John works in is the biggest in town.
a.when b.where c.which d.how
27. Have you ever seen the photographs………....Ann took?
a.that b.where c.when d.who
28. Everybody………….went to the party enjoyed it very much.
a. that b. whose c.which d.who
29. 1945 was the year………...the second world war ended.
a.which b.why c.when d.where
30. Is there a shop near hear…………..I can buy a postcard?
a.when b.which c.where d.who
Đ áp án:
Bài 1:
1. Peter, who hated eating on his own, wanted to have dinner with us
5