TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI: https://123doc.org/trang-ca-nhan-2356597-tai-lieu-on-thi.htm

Tổng hợp kiến thức ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn tiếng anh
Chương 1: Tenses - Các thì trong tiếng anh
1.Thì hiện tại thường(Present simple)
a.Với động từ Tobe:
- is : He/ She /It /Mai
- are : They / You/ We / Mai and Lan
- am : I
*Eg: I am a student
He is a teacher
They are students
* Form.

(+) S + am/is/are + N/ O.
(-) S + am/is/are + not + N/O.
(?)Am/is/are + S + N/O ?
- Yes, S + am/is/are.
- No, S + am/is/are + not.

* Chó ý : - amnot kh«ng cã d¹ng viÕt t¾t.
- isnot = isn’t / arenot = aren’t.
b. Với động từ thường:
* Form. (+) He/ She/ It /Lan

+ V(s/es) + O.

(+) You/ We/ They / I /Lan and Hoa + V (bare-inf) + O.
(-) He/ She/ It/ Lan + does-not + V(bare-inf) + O.
(-) You/ We / They / I /Lan and Hoa + do-not + V(bare-inf) +
O.

* Cách dùng:
2


- Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti thi im núi
- Diễn tả kế hoạch hay dự định sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai. ( Kế hoạch
hay dự địng đó đã đợc sắp đặt trớc.)
* Adv : now, at the moment, at present, right now, at this time.

3.Thỡ hin ti hon thnh ( Present perfect).
* Form:

(+) S + has / have + PII (ed/cột 3) + O.
(-) S + has /have + not + PII (ed/cột 3) + O.
(?) Has / have + S + PII (ed/cột 3) + O ?
Yes, S + have/has.
No, S + have/has-not.

Chú ý: - Have: I/you/we/they/Lan and Hoa.
Havenot = havent.
- Has: he/she/it/Lan.
Hasnot = hasnt.
Eg: I have just seen my sister in the park.
She has finished her homework recently.
Cỏch dựng:
- Din t mt hnh ng va mi xy ra hay hành động xảy ra trong quá
khứ mà không rõ thời gian .
- Hnh ng xy ra trong quỏ kh v cũn tiếp tục diễn ra ở hin ti.
- Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà kết quả còn lu đến hiện tại.
Adv: just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to

c.Adv
4


- Yesterday, ago, last month/ year/ …
- in 1990/….
d.Cách dùng :
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ
5.Thì quá khứ tiÕp diễn (Past progressive).
* Form: (+) S + Was/ were + V- ing + O.
(-) S + Was/ were + not + V- ing + O.
(?) Was/ were + S + V- ing + O?
Yes, S + were/was.
No, S + were/was-not.
• Eg: I was doing my homework at 6 p.m last Sunday.
I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes.
• Cách dùng :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thời gian xác định cụ
thể
- Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ
Eg:+ Last night, I was reading book while my father was watching
TV.
+ The light went out when the storm came.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra thì một hành động khắc đến.
Eg: + The mailman came while I was sleeping.
+ We were singing when the teacher came.
6.Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) .
* Form :

(+) S + had + PII (ed/cét 3) + O.


• Adv. Tomorrow, next week/ month …, soon
• Cách dùng :
- Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai (Hµnh ®éng ®ã kh«ng
ch¾c ch¾n x¶y ra).

6


- Tiên đoán điều gì đó sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai nhng dựa vào ý kiến
cá nhân.
- Diễn tả một quyết định mà ai đó sẽ làm trong tơng lai tại thời điểm
nói.
8. Thỡ tng lai gần (Be going to).
* Form: (+) She / He / It / Lan + is + going to + V(bare-inf) + O.
They / You / We / Lan and Hoa + are + going to +
V(bare-inf) +O.
I + am + going to + V(bare-inf) + O.
(-) She/ He / It / Lan + isnt + going to + V(bare-inf) + O.
They / You / We / Lan and Hoa + arent + going to +
V(bare-inf) + O.
I + amnot + going to + V(bare-inf) + O.
(?) Is + she / he / it / Lan + going to + V(bare-inf) + O ?
Yes, she/ he / it + is. \ No, S + she / he / it + isnt.
Are + they / you / we / Lan and Hoa + going to + V(bareinf) + O ?
Yes , they / I / we + are. \ No, they / I / we + arent.
*Eg: - My father is going to visit Ha long Bay .
- We arent going to come to Hoas birthday party.

* Cỏch dựng :

10. The earth (move) around the sun.
11.Sometime ( smell) good in the kitchen now.
8


12.His uncle ( teach) English in our school five years ago.
13. The old man( fall) as he (get) into the bus.
14. When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair.
15. There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday.
16. It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year.
17.They ( not speak) to each other since they quarelled
18. I (try) to learn English for years, but I ( not succeed) yet
19.I (not see) her since last week.
20. Jonh( do) his homework already.
21.The train (start) before we arrived at the station.
22. There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
23. The film already (begin) when we got to the cinema.
24. You (stay) at home tonight?
25.I( be) twenty years old next June.
26.Where are you?- I’m upstairs. I (have) a bath.
27.All of them (sing) when I( came).
28.What you( do) at 7 p.m yesterday?
29. Where you ( spend) your holiday last year?
30. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you?
B. Supply the verbs in the brackets into the correct tenses(Chia động từ
trong ngoặc)
1.A: I …………( not see) Andrew for weeks.
B: Nor me, It’s weeks since I last …….( see) him.
2.A: What……( you/do) last night?
B: Well, I ……..( be) very tired, so I …..( go) to bed very early.


10. moves

11. smells

12. taught

13. fell / got

14. was sitting

15. was

16. took

17. have n’t spoken

18. have tries

19.have not seen

20.has done

21.had started

22. will be

23.had already begun

24. will you


If c lause

,

{ Present simple }
(+)

main clause.
{ Future simple }

Main - clause

+

{ Future simple }

If clause.
{ Present simple }

- Đối với main clause :
+ Chúng ta có thể thay thế will bằng các modal verbs nh
can/may/might/ must/should.
+ Thay thế Future simple bằng Present simple.
* Eg:

If I have time, I will visit you.
John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
If she eats much, she will be over weight.



, { would/ could/ might + have + PII (ed/cét 3)}

* Eg: If he had driven more carefully, he could have had fewer accidents.
4.Note: Unless = if…not ( nếu không )
Eg: Unless it rains, we will go to the movie.
( If it does not rain , we will go to the movies)
5.Bảng tóm tắt câu điều kiện:
Loại
1 Will
Can

Main – clause
+ V (bare-inf)

If – clause
V(Present simple)

May
2

Shall
Could
Would

+ V (bare-inf)

Should
3


12. You (be) ill if you drink that water.
13. If Tom (go) to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.
14. Had we known your address, we( write) you a letter.
15. If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) for a donkey ride.
16. If he (try) hard, he’ll pass the axamination.
17. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly.
18.If she (not be) busy, she would have come to the party.
19. If I (finish) the work in time, I ( go) to the football game.
20. If you( see) Mary today, please ( ask) her to call me.
B.Rewrite these sentences, using correct conditional sentences (Viết
lại những câu sau, sö dông c©u ®iÒu kiÖn ®óng nhÊt).
13


1. That man doesn’t work hard.He can’t earn more money.
2.I don’t tell him the answer because he is from home.
3. My friend and I don’t have enough money , so we will not buy a house
of our own.
4. The weather isn’t better now, so we can’t go for a walk.
5. I don’t know his adress, and I don’t give it to you.
6.He does not work slowly enough, so he makes many mistakes.
7. I am not sent to prison. She doesn’t visit me
8. I don’t win a big prize in a lottery, so I don’t give up my job.
9. The doctor can’t see many patiens because he is so late.
10. We don’t visit them in Hanoi because tickets are expensive.
*Keys
A
1. go

2. had been


B
1.If the man worked hard , he could earn more money.
14


2. If he weren’t away from home, I would tell him the answer.
3.If my friend and ai had enough money, we would buy a house of our own.
4. If the weather were better now, we could go for a walk.
5. If I knew his address,I would give it to you .
6. If he worked slowly enough, he would not make many mistakes.
7. If I were sent to prison, I would visit me.
8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I would give up my job.
9. If the doctor weren’t so late, he could see many patients.
10. If ticket weren’t expensive, we would visit them in Hanoi.

Chương 3. MÖnh ®Ò gi¶ ®Þnh “ Wish”
I.Lý thuyÕt.
- Động từ Wish= If only ( ao ước) thường dùng để diễn tả những ước
muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực hiện.
- có 3 loại câu ước.
1. Future wish:( ước muốn ở tương lai)
* Form: (+) S + wish + S + would/ could + V(bare-inf) + O.
(+) If only + S + would/ could + V(bare-inf) + O.
* Eg:- I wish I would be an astronaut in the future.
- Tom wishes he could visit Paris next summer.
15


- If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday.

- She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house.
( she didn’t have enough money to buy it )
- If only I had met her yesterday.( I didn’t meet her )
- She wishes she could have been there.( she couldn’t be there)
* Bài tập :
A. Supply these verbs in correct tenses. (Chia động từ trong ngoặc) .
1. She wishes her father ( be) here now to help her
2. I wish they ( visit) us when they were in town.
3. I wish someone ( give) me a job next month.
4. If only I ( can take) the trip to Hanoi with her next summer.
5. I wish they ( know) the truth yesterday.
16


6. I wish I (see) that film on TV again.
7. We wish she (be) our teacher of English.
8. My brother wishes he (not waste) time when he was young.
9. They wish they (come) to class on time yesterday morning.
10. I wish I ( spend) my last summer vacation in the mountains.
11.I wish she (come) to see me yesterday.
12.If only I ( have) more time to do this job.
13.He missed an exceiting football match on TV last night. He wishes he
( watch ) it.
14.I wish you ( not give ) them my phone number yesterday.
15.We wish we ( understand) all the teacher’s explanation yesterday.
B. Rewrite these sentences in order to stay the same meaning with
“wish”. ( Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay
đổi víi “wish”.)
1. What a pity the weather isn’t nice.
2. Your cousin doesn’t tell you the truth.


10. had spent

11. had come

13. had watched

14. had not given

12. had
15. had understood

B.
1.I wish the weather were nice.
2. I wish your cousin told you the truth.
3.I wish you studied hard.
4. I wish I could lend you some money.
5. I wish he invited us to the party.
6. I wish I could easily give the answer.
7. I wish Tom were here now.
8. I wish we bought that house.
9. I wish they visited us.
10. I wish she weren’t often late for school.

Chương 4: Câu bị động ( The pasive voice)
A. Lý thuyết.
• Quan sát:
- Câu chủ động: Mr Smith teaches English.
- Câu bị động:



Present
progressive

S + am/is/ are + being + PII ( ed/ cét 3 ) + ( by +
O ).

Past
progressive

S + was/ were + being + PII ( ed/cét 3 ) + ( by +
O ).

Present
perfect
Past perfect

S + have/ has + been + PII ( ed/cét 3 ) + ( by + O ).

S + was, were + PII ( ed/cét 3 ) + ( by + O ).

S + had + been + PII ( ed/cét 3 ) + ( by + O ).

Future simple S + will + be + PII ( ed/cét ) + ( by + O ).
Be going to

MODEL
VERBS

S + am/is/are + going to + be + PII ( ed/cét 3 ) +

David is believed to have left New Zealand last week.
* Chú ý : - Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là các đại từ nhân xng nh
I/you/we/they/she/he/it/ hoặc các phiếm từ nh
people/someone/somebody..
chuyển sang câu bị động chúng ta không cần dùng by + O.
20


- Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là các danh từ tên riêng hay
các danh từ chỉ giống và danh từ cụ thể chuyển sang câu bị động
chúng ta phải sử dụng by + O.
*Eg:
1.I learn English everyday.
=> English is learnt by me everyday.
2.My mother wrote that letter.
=> That letter was writen by my mother.
3.He is asking me a lot of questions.
=> I am being asked a lot of questions.
4.She was doing her homework at that time.
=> Her homework was being done at that time.
5.My mother has made that cake.
=> That cake has been made by my mother.
6. They had prepared a dinner before we came.
=> A dinner had been prepared before we came.
7. My friend can answer this question.
=> This question can be answered by my friend.
B.

Bi tp.


26. Nick will bring the pizzas to our house.
27. They used to dring beer for breakfast in England years ago.
28. They were cleaning the floor when I arrived.
29. Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion ?
30. Where will your company send you next year ?
*Keys.
22


1.Tea can’t be made with cold water.
2. All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chief.
3. Some of my books have been taken away.
4. The meeting will be held before May Day.
5. The engine of the car has to be repaired.
6. The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the
boy.
7. A lot of money is spent on advertising everyday.
8. This room may be used for the classroom.
9. A story is going to be told by the teacher.
10. The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary.
11. The woman with a red hat was looked at by the children.
12. The victims have been provided with food and clothing.
13. The lesson is explained by the teacher.
14.The food is being cooked in the kitchen by Mrs Green.
15.The patients were examined by the doctor.
16.That noise was made by these boys.
17. English is spoken all over the world.
18. He was given the money back last Sunday.
19. These exercises can’t be done quickly.
20.The report had been finished by noon.

Past progressive
Past perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect progressive
Would + V (bare-inf )
Were/was + going to

2.Thay ®æi cña c¸c ®«ng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu.
Directed speech
Can
Shall
Must
Have to / Has to

Reported speech
Could
Should
Had to
Had to
24


Should
Ought to
May

Should
Ought to
Might


-> Jane said that she lived in the suburbs.
- Ngôi thứ hai ( You, your, yours ) được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong
mệnh đề tường thuật.
*Eg: - He said to me,” You can take my book”
-> He said me that I could take his book.
- Ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, him, his, her ,them ,their) giữ nguyên
(Kh«ng ®æi)
*Eg: - Mary says,” They come to help the pupils.”
-> Mary said that they came to help the pupils.
4.Trạng từ chỉ thời gian .
Directed speech (Trực tiếp)
now
ago
today
tonight

Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
then
before
that day
that night
25