BO GIAO DVC VA DAO TAO
TRlioNG 141 HQC THANG LONG
—o0o-

CHUYEN DE TOT NGHIEP

NGHIEN CiJ'U S1 ANH HUtING CUA
CHUAN HANG VA GIAO THit DiNH TUYEN
TRONG MANET

Gilo vien htrang din
Sinh vien thvc hien
Ma sinh vien
Chuyen nganh

: ThS. Hosing Thong Minh
: Trio Van Tuin
: A14325
: Tin vien thong

HA NOI — 2013


BANG THUAT Naos WET TAT

•

Chit tieng Viet

Chit dAy di


Base station

Trim g6c

CBR

Constant Bit Rate

T6c dO bit c6 dinh

DEST

Destination

Dich

DHCP

Dynamic host configuration protocol

Giao thtic ciu hinh host gong

DSDV

Destination sequenced distance vector

Djnh tuyen vector khoang ach
tan tu den dich

DSR


IP

Internet protocol

LAN

Local area network

Ming cyc be

MAC

Media access control

Dieu khien truy c$p dtemg
tuyen

MANET

Mobile MANET network

Ming di dOng khong dAy dry

Trion Van Tuan A14325
-

Trung gian



NgutIon

TCP

Transmission power control

Dieu khiin ding suit truyen

TTL

Time to Live

Thai gian sting

VANET

Vehicular MANET Network

Mang xe cer MANET

WLAN

Wireless local area network

Mang khong day cyc 130

Tr/dn Van Tuan-A14325

.


Hof nghi

6

1.4.3

Home Networking

7

1.4.4

Mang ca nhan (PAN)

7

1.4.5

He Mang nhang (embeded system)

8

1.4.6

Mpg xe ca (vehicular network)

8

1.4.7



Ric tinh TCP

10

1.5.6

Chat lticmg dich vy (QoS)

11

1.5.7

Tinh an toan va bao mdt

11

DJNH TUYEN TRONG MANET
CHUOrNG 2.
diin
2.1 Giao they dinh tuytn
Dinh tuyin clya tren trong dull lien kit
2.1.1

a

2.1.2

Dinh tuyin dya tren vector lchoang each




2.3 Optimized link state routing (OLSR)
Bdu chpn Multipoint relay
2.3.1

21
21

2.3.2

Truytin ba ban tin di*J'u khan topo (Topology control)

23

2.3.3

Tinh toem tuyin

23

2.4 Dynamic source routing (DSR)
Dinh tuyin ngudn
2.4.1

23
23

2.4.2


31

2.5.4

Quin 13i bang dinh tuyin

32

2.5.5

Cap nhat during &It tuyin

33

33
2.6 Dynamic manet on- demand (DYMO)
THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN BONG
CHUONG 3.
37
TRONG MO PRONG M3NG MANET
37
3.1 Thong só Minh gill giao they MANET
37
Thong so dank gia chit luring
3.1.1
Thong so ;rich ban

38

3.2 Mo hinh di chuyin ma phong MANET

44
4.1 GM thitu chung omnet++
44
fling quern v*J Omnet++
4.1.1
47
Sa dung OMNeT++
4.1.2
4.2 M6 phi:mg
Khai tgo mo phong
4.2.1
4.2.2

Mat so hinh anh mO phang

Tran Van Tuin-A14325

51
51
52


4.2.3

Kit qua mó phong ofic giao thir Binh tuyin MANET

55

4.2.4


7

Hinh 1.5 fling dung cho mpg cit nhin

8

Hinh 1.6 Ung dung cho mang xe c0

9

Hinh 2.1 He tqa de ca ban me tit SA tremg MANET

15

Hirsh 2.2 Phan logi cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET

17

Hinh 2.3 Quit trinh phat tan lan ban tin quitng ba

21

With 2.4 Biu chqn MPR

22

Hinh 2.5 Kham phi tuyen trong DSR

24


47

Hinh 4.3 Qua trinh girl ban tin RREQ curt DYMO

53

Hinh 4.4 Qui trinh giri ban tin RREP cita DYMO

54

Hinh 4.5 Qua trinh gui gel tin da lieu cua DYMO

54

Hinh 4.6 Qua trinh giri ACK bao nhon ciut DYMO

55

Hinh 4.7 Th8ng Immg dau cu6i -

Man Van Tulin A14325
-

al&

56


LEI NOI DAU
Cling vai str gia tang nhanh chOng ye s6 luqng cling nhu cong nghe ctia cic thiet


1


TOM TAT CHUYEN DE
MANET la met ding nghe Mu dung trong mang kh8ng day. Cling nghe nay cho
phep cat nit mang giao tiep trac tiep veri nhau bang cach sir dung may thu phat vo
tuyen ma khong can ce ca sb ha ding c6 djnh. Day li mot dac tnmg rieng coca MANET
so yeti cac mang truyen thong train day nhu mang cellular hay mpg LAN khong day
khi 6 d6 cac nit giao tiep vOl nhau thong qua tram gec (Base Station). Tuy
MANET phai del mat vai met se thtich thirc nhu giai han pham vi truyen din, vin de
tram An, mat gel do 161 cluing truyen, sa chuyen dOng cita dm nut mpg lam thay dOi
tuyen cluing, sv ring buOc ye bang th8ng vi fling luqng. Giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc
sir dung de Itham phi tuyen giffa cac nit giip cho viec giao tiep trong mang de ding
han. Mac dfch chinh curt mot giao thirc djnh thy& trong MANET la thitt Ilp tuyen
cluing chinh xac va hi'e'u qua giCra cac c. p not. Chuyen de dua ra ding quan ve bent
giao thirc djnh tuyen: DYMO, DSR, AODV, OLSR, sir dung cling cu ma phong
OMNET++ vi danh gia tre diu cuOi curt cac giao thic nay dva tren cac thong se d#t
ra.
Origin dl gam 5 droning

• Chuang 1: Wing quan ve MANET
• Chuang 2: Dinh tuyen trong MANET
• Chuang 3: Thong s6 dimh gia vi m8 hinh chuyen dOng trong mo phong
MANET
• Chuang 4: MO phong va &nth gia thong luqng curt OLSR, AODV, DSR va
DYMO bang OMNET++
• Chuang 5: KM lutin

Trim Van Tulin-A 14325

nghi nen c6 xu huang (mg dyng rung tai tren the giai.
1.2 Kluli nitm
MANET la to hqp cum cac node di dOng duqc ket n6i vtri nhau bing cac lien kit
khong day, cac node to do di chuyen nen kien true mang ce the thay 461 lien tic ma
khong dy dofin duqc. Moi node mang c6 mot giao dien vo tuyen giao tiep ved cac node
mang khac thong qua sang vo tuyen hok hang ngoai. Cac mang nay kitting dung bit
cir stir he; trq ca s6 ha tang mang c6 dinh hay chiu str quirt li t#p trung nao. Day la mot
dOc diem rieng biet cum MANET so vai cac mang khong day truy'en th6ng: mang chia
mang WLAN, trong do cac node (cac thue bao di dung) lien lac veri nhau thong qua
tram vo tuyen ca 56.
Triin Viin Tuin-A14325

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TONG QUAN VE MANET

Ilinh 1.1 sMo hinh mb lib khcii niem MANET

Trong MANET kh8ng ton tai khii niem quirt ly top trung. N6 dim bito mang se
khong hi s$p vi truing hqp nit mpg di chuyen ra ngoai khoting truyen din ctia cac
nut mong khac. Nut mong co the ra vao bat cu lac nio. Do khoang truyen din dm nut
mang lit han cht nen chfing trao deri thong tin bang phuong phap truyen gen tin qua
nhieu btrerc (Multihops). De lam duce dieu nay, thi tat ca ale nut mang phai ce khi
nang chuyin tiep gen tin den nut mong khic, do voy tat ca cac nut mong trong MANET
c6 the hoot dOng nhtr may tram vi router. Nut mong co the bao gam met router va met
may tram lien ket yen nhau. MOt router thus hien cac giao thirc dinh tuyen, may tram
di Ong c6 dia chi IP.
MANET cling ci khi niing thqc hien thay dOi ve cAu hinh mang va khic phtic str
c6 cua nut mpg thong qua till' tuc cau hinh Ini mpg. Vi du: Neu nut mang rbi Mei

the chia se tep tin de lieu o gm bay, sinh vien trao doi thong tin yeti nhau trong tiet
hnc... Khi may tinh di dOng giao tiep th8ng qua giao di'en mpg LAN vo tuyein, thi
nhom cac may tinh de hlnh thinh MANET, khi de may tinh co the truy tulip Internet,
tai nguyen tren mang filar may in, may scan...
1.4.1 Dick vg Min dip

Trdn Van TuAn-A 14325

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TONG QUAN VE MANET

Binh 1.2 Ong dung cho chc dick vy khan dip kid cif thien tai

cin ca Au ket hop cha ate Whin
Bit 14 diu khi cep truerng hop khan *thy ra
vien ciru ha. Gill phi, thong thubng la dung thiet bj v8 tuyen. Tuy nhien, khi co so hg
ding bj hang holk kh8ng cbn host dung thl gill phip Ih gl? MANET chink lh chu trit
Iii nhanh nhAt va pha hop nhAt. Dieu nay co the kheing nghia v6i khu vtrc ton that
nho, tuy nhien voi than hoe thien nhien c6 khu vtrc anh huerng tan phi rang letn, viec
lien lac nit quan tong nen MANET tr6 thanh gill phip httu ich.
1.4.2 MY nglei
Trong hOi ngh1, hOi thho an trao 461 thong tin gifts chc dui bieu hap v6i hOi
nghj khic. Day la mOt nhu eau lbn trong thin dpi phis trim nhanh vi thong tin nhu
hien nay, khi ml gill phip homenetwork chua that so sin sang. Gill phip hien tgi la
sir dung clic mpg c6 son cho ate dal bieu them do tuy nhien ne co 40 tre lam, vi du
gill phip Mobile IP . VI MANET la gill phip chi& uu the.

HInh L3 ling dung trong ctic h¢i nghi

Computer

lc\ awn

•

dtalk
empust
. 3
T

Sin11111.01
ErderteMswent Consoles

Rink 1.4 Ong dung cho home networking
1.4.4 Myng cd Wain (PAN)
6 thtri dpi thong tin till 1 ngubi an mang then nhieu c8ng cu h8 trq cho Ong
viec (dien thaii, Palm. . .) khi chang duqc lien kit v6i nhau hlnh thanh mpg a nhan
PAN thi a) rang mang lai Mau tien ich han cho ngubi sit dung. PAN Li mpg di gang
do con ngubi klgong the ng6i yen melt cht3, tuy nhiin khi kit neoi vai ming PAN khic

can trq glop ala MANET.

Trim Van Tan -A1432.5

7


TONG QUAN VE MANET


phit hien vi phi hay chimg.
Trong Huh Arc y te, ale b0 cam bien cho ph6p giant sit lien tuc thong tin lieu
chum ire MI song. Trong tong nghe thuc phim, k9 thuot ship cam bien duqc ip dung
de gum sit chit Itrqng to the gitip ngin mitt cic sin phim khong chit yeu citu nth
tang mirk thou min cho khich hang. Trong ding nghiep, the bit cam biota to the giim
xic dinh chit luqng dit tr8ng vi dO im, chimg ding ce the phit hien cic hqp chit
kink. Ngoii ra, cic b0 cam Wen ding duqc sus dung rang trong th8ng tin thin ties vi
moi trutmg.
1.5 Nhttng thick thin 661 vet MANET
L5.1 C7s1 phi cho vifc drag this se
taw het the MANET this nghiem hien nay du dna tea bang tin ISM. De ngin
ngira nhilu, MANET phii host dung qua met so dii phi cu the No d6, duqc cep phit.
Ph6 tin khong chi duqc cAp phit vi giim sit chot the ml con cin phai dtrqc frit phi.
1.5.2 Co chi tray nk#p
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TONG QUAN VE MANET

Khong gitmg nhu mang to bao, trong MANET khong co sir dieu khien tip trung
va dOng bo toim cvc. Do d6 cac phucmg phap da truy nh#p truyen thong nhu TDMA vi
FDMA khong con thich hop nut Ngosi ra, nhieu giao thirc dieu khien truy nh#p
phuong tien MAC (Media Access Control) cling khong giai quyet dirge sir di dOng elm
aft mang. Do v#y, cac icy thuot 1#p ljch trinh vi djnh thin de h6 thy QoS gip nhieu kh6
khan.
Trong MANET, do cimg mOt phuong tien truyen thong dirge chia se boi nhieu
ben tham gia nen dal tic truy nhkip den kenh chung phai dugc thvc hien theo kieu phan
bo nh6 sir h6 trg cua giao thirc MAC. Giao thirc MAC phai tinh den truy nh#p kenh


TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) la met giao thirc cutn-cuSi duqc thiet ke
phvc vv viec dieu khien nghen va dieu khien luting trong mang. TCP la met giao thirc
huffing lien ket nen can c6 met giai doan thiet lop ket not uu tien cho viec truyen dtY
lieu. Ket not bi loci be khi viec truyen da lieu hoin think. Val intend hien nay, giao
thirc mang IP li phi ket not nen an co met giao thirc truyen din luremg ket not ding
tin coy qua met giao thirc mang khong tin coy. Tuy nhien, TCP gii sir ring cic nut
trong tuyen la tinh nen viec dieu khien nghen vi dieu khien luting chi duqc thvc hien
cic nut ngu6n vi dich.
TCP dip vio viec do dac thin gian thin trinh-RTT (Round Trip Time) vi mirc
ton tht gel de ket luon la cif) nghen mach xiy ra trong mang hay khong. TCP kh8ng
the phiin biet duqc sq co tinh di Ong vi skr nghen mang. Cic nut chuyen dieing
trong met kit not c6 the giy ten thAt gel vi liun cho RTT dii hon. Do voy, an co met
so cii lien de bio dim ring giao thirc any& din thvc hien tot ma thong inh larding
den thong ligmg truytn thong cu6i-cu6i.
1.5.6 Club lufmg dick vp (QoS)
Khi nang cung cap QoS cua met mang phv thuec vio cic dk tinh ben trong cfia
toin be the thinh phin mang, tir cic lien ket truyen phit den tang MAC vi tang mpg.
Cic ket not khong day c6 niing hp thip vi hay thay doi, ti le 18i cao. Cic topo mpg Ii
deng vi c6 tY le mat goi cao. Cic giao thirc MAC dip tren truy nhOp ngiu nhien khong
he toy QoS.
Cic giao thirc MAC QoS giii guy& van de ve xung det phtrang tien, h6 trq
truyen thong unicast tin coy, vi cung cap viec dq trey tai nguyen cho cic luu Itripg thou
gian thvc trong mei twang kh8ng day phin tin. Riit nhieu cic giao thirc MAC vi cic
cii tien dirge de xuat de cung cap viec dim bio QoS cho luu Itopg thed gian thvc
trong mei truang khong day phin tin bao gem giao thirc GAMA/PR vi co the xung
det BB.
1.5.7 Tinh an loin vd bdo mkt
M6i truing vo tuyen trong MANET la "mei ngon bdo be" cho cic cuec dui cong
ma° dank do dAc tinh quing bi ciut no. Cic giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET can

hoot dOng cc ban dm cac giao thee nay IA het sire can thiet.
Giao thirc c6 dien nhu: djnh tuyen theo vector khoang each, djnh tuyen theo
tong thai lien ket da duqc se clung tir rat lau vi da ter nen rat quen thuOc. Tuy
cac giao thee nay chi thich hop cho eau tree mpg firth, hoot dOng hieu qua er MANET
c6 toe dO di chuyen thap, cau true mong it thay deti. Ngoiti ra, giao thirc nay hoot (long
phv thuOc vAo ban tin dieu Ichien djnh tuyen, nen yeti 56 Itumg nut mong tang, you cau
trao d6i gifts cac net mong tang len, thong tin cep nhot djnh tuyen km, chimg se tieu
ton bang thong, nting ltrong va CPU. Bei vi hai loci giao thirc djnh tuyen tren duy tri
djnh tuyen den tat ca cac nut mong, net khong quan tam nut mong c6 tham gia truyen
thong tin trong mong toi moi then diem hay khong. Hon nfta, giao thtic djnh tuyen co
dien rang butjc lien ket phai la hai chieu, nen an c6 nhUng cai thien nhAt djnh cho
thong tin vo tuyen not chung vi MANET nal rieng.
2.1.1 Dinh tuyin Ara tat hating thdi lien kit
Phucmg phap djnh tuyen dva tren tong thai lien ket dua tren gia dm mei lien ket
(cost) va net mong phiti duy tri cau tnic mpg hart chinh vei tham s6 nay. Tham s6
"gia" se duce cap nh(it bang each mai not mong se gin thong tin quang bit mOt each
lien tic "gia" cua cac lien ket xuat phat tir ne tai tat ca the nut mong khac sir dung
thuot town flooding. Mei net mong khi then duce cac thong tin nay se cep nh(it cau
trite mong va sir dung thuot town tim duting di ngiin nhat de chon nut mpg tiep theo
cho &rang djnh tuyen den nut mpg khfic. Lien ket c6 the c6 gia khong chink xac do
nhieu nguyen nhan nhu tre dtamg truyen, sr phan tach cua mong. . . Cac eau hinh
mong thay d61 c6 the hinh thanh djnh tuyen khep kin (loop), toy nhien, dirtmg djnh
tuyen kieu nay c6 th6i gian tan toi ngin vi chCmg se hi x6a ngay khi ban tin da di qua
toan bo mong.
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13


DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET

xung quanh. Da ch#ng trong mai Huang vo tuyen c6 the gay ra Wing ich cong suit
truyen ve tang ich cong suit do mOi quan he can bk hai gifta veng phu sting ve cong
suit phat ra. Bing each su dung da chking, cac nut c6 the truyen cac gei tin di sir dung
cong suit ra thip.
Hinh 2.1 M8 to cac true ca ben c6 the sir dung de dOe to m8i throng MANET.
True &Au tien le so cac irk trong mang. True thfr hai le tic dO ma tai d6 topo inking
thay d6i. True thir ba le tai hru luqng trong mpg. Khi moi twang di chuyen tir gOc
Tran Van Tuan-A 14325

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DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET

dm 3 trnc, van de djnh tuyen tit nen Ic.h6 khan han. Tang se nut, tang tee do thay dig
topo (nghia IA tang filth di dOng ciut nut), hoac tang tai Itru luqng mong muen tren
mang la thich thirc dei v6i cac giao thin trong MANET.

Hinh 2.1 He ton da ca ban me ki moi inning MANET

You cau dei voi mOt giao thirc djnh tuyen cho MANET la gi? Sau day la mOt se
you cau quan trong:
• Hoot dong phan tan: Giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET phai II giao thirc
phan tan yeu cau dO tin c#y cao. Do cat nut 11 di dOng nen giao attic djnh
tuyen t#p trung la khong phe hqp. M8i nut mong phai dii th8ng minh de t4to
cite quytt djnh djnh tuyen ml dung cac net lan
• Khong lap yang: De fling cao chat Itrqng hoot dOng, giao thirc djnh tuyen
can dam bito dubng djnh duqc cung cap khong bj lap yang, dieu nay se lam
gram Ian phi bang thong vi cong sat tieu hao cua CPU.
• Sir dung cac sieu

• H6 trq cac lien ket met chieu: Mai twang vo tuyen ce the la nguyen nhan
hinh thanh cac lien ket theo mOt huang. Sir dung kieu lien ket nay va kieu
lien ket hai chieu se ding cao hien nang ciut giao thirc (Unit tuyen.
• Bao met: M6i truang vo tuyen rat de 131 tilt cong, khai thic thong tin, do d6
ma hOa vi chug thuc la cach bito mot thong thutmg nhAt duqc ap dung hien
nay. Win de la viec phan 134 cac kh6a va cac not trong MANET.
• Bao tom nang

Nat mang trong MANET co the IA may tinh xach tay

hay loci client nho gqn khk nhtr PDA thtrimg co gi6i hin ve thai gian sir
dung caa pin, nen can c6 chi de cher (standby mode) de tiet kiem nang
luqng. Do do, giao thirc djnh tuyen sir dung an he trq the dO char caa nut
mang.
• Nhieu duang djnh tuyen: Nhim giam se Ian tac dOng do str thay d6i ve cAu
tnic mpg va khi nhieu duang djnh tuyen bi nghen. Neu nhu met duang
djnh tuyen khong sir dung duqc ngra thi met duang djnh tuyen khk co the
thay the. Nhu vety, giao thus khang an khai tao lai tha tic tim dtrong.

Trion Van Tudn-A14325

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DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET

• HO trq QoS: Co nhiEu loci QoS can duqc str h6 trq cua cac giao thirc djnh
tuyen, no phi thuOc vim raw dich cogs mang; ching han, 116 trq luu ltrqng
thin gian thqc...
2.2.2 Ph& loci

. DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET

nhat dirge truyen Ian trong mang nhiim thong bao st ir thay doi. Flau het cac
giao tithe djnh tuyen theo bang deu ke thira vi siza doi dac tinh tucmg thick
tir cac thuot toan chon throng din ngin nhat trong cac mpg hilu tuyen
truyen th6ng. Cac thuat tan (filth tuyen theo bang ducrc sir dung cho cac
node cap nhot trang thai mpg vit duy tri tuyen bit ke c6 hit lucmg hay
khong. Vi v$y, tieu de thong tin de duy tri cau hinh mang d6i veri cac giao
thirc nay thtrimg la 16n. MOt so giao thirc djnh tuyen dien hinh theo bang
trong MANET Giao thirc djnh tuyen khong day WRP (Wireless
Routing Protocol), djnh tuyen vector khoang each tan tu dich DSDV
(Destination Sequence Distance Vector), djnh tuyen trang thai ten tin lien ket
OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), djnh tuyen trang thai gee rung
(fisheye (Fisheye State Routing).
• Cfic giao thirc djnh tuyen theo yeu au (on-demand): Trong phurcmg phip
djnh tuyen theo yeu au, cac dtrimg din dirge tim kiem chi khi can thiet,
host dOng tim tuyen bao gom ca tha tic the djnh tuyen. Thu tic tim tuyen
ket thitc khi mOt tuyen khong dirge tim they hoc khong c6 tuyin khi dung
sau khi xac minh tan WO tap holm v1 tuyen. Trong mang MANET, cac tuyen
hoot dung c6 the ngimg do tinh di dOng ciut node.VI vay, thong tin duy tri

tuyen la tOi quan trong d6i yea ac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo yeu au. So veil
cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang, cac giao thirc djnh tuyen then you au
thuang co tieu de trao d6i thong tin djnh tuyen nhO bun. VI voy, ve mat
nguyen tic, cac giao thirc nay a kha nang mer tong tot ham d6i v6i ac giao
thirc djnh tuyen theo bang. Tuy nhien, van de Ian nhit ciut cac giao thire
djnh tuyen theo you au la tre" do tim kiem tuyen tram khi chuyen tiep th8ng
tin dO. lieu. Vi du ye mOt so giao thirc djnh tuyen theo you cau glint giao
thirc djnh tuyen nguin dOng DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), giao thirc
djnh tuyen vector khoitng each theo yeu au AODV (Ad hoc On- demand