DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRirdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN
*********

BAO CAO
DlT AN SAN XUAT THlT- THlT NGHIEM
CAP DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
Hoan thien qui trinh san xuat vat lieu loc va thiet bj \\x ly
mangan trong nuoc ngam qui mo ho gia dinh

MA SO: SXT-08-01

CHUTRIDU AN:
PGS-TS.Nghiem Xuan Thung

HA NOI-2010
OAI HOC Q U O C GiA HA NOI
TPUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VIEN

QT/ q%


DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRlTdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN
Aft**xwwww

TEN DlT AN SXT-TN:
Hoan thien qui trinh san xuat vat lieu loc va thiet bj xii' ly
mangan trong nuoc ngam qui mo ho gia dinh

MA SO: SXT-08-01



SUMMARY REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SUBJECT
1. Title of project:
"Complete the technology of production of filtered materials and the
equipment to treate manganese in the underground water for household
supply".
2. The code of project:

SXT-08 - 01

3. Head of project:
Assoc. Prof Dr.

Nghiem Xuan Thung

4. The participants:
a. Assoc. Prof Dr.
b. Dr.
c. MSc.
d. BSc.

Le Hung
Nguyen Hoang
Hoang Thi Huong Hue
Nguyen Dinh Duan

5. Objectives and contents:
• Objectives
- Synthesis of filtered materials from natural minerals for manganese

1.7. Tinh cap thiet cua du an
II. Cac phuong phap nghien cuu
2.1. Phuang phap hoa hoc
2.1.1. Mangan va phuang phap xac dinh mangan
2.1.2. Kha nang lam chat xuc tac oxy hoa cuaMn02
2.2.
Phu'ong phap phan tich nhieu xa tia X
2.3. Xac dinh cac tinh chat vat lieu
2.3.1. Xac dinh dp ben vat lieu
2.3.2. Xac dinh dp xop va khoi lugng rieng cua vat lieu
III. Thuc nghiem - Ket qua va thao luan
3.1. Thuc nghiem
3.1.1. Nguyen lieu, hoa chat va thiet bi
3.1.2. Cac buac tien hanh thuc nghiem
3.1.2.1.Khao sal nghien cuu nguyen lieu
3.1.2.2.Khao sat qua trinh tao hat
3.1.2.3.Che tao thiet bi xu ly nuac
3.2. Ket qua va thao luan
3.2.1. Xac dinh thanh phan hoa hpc
3.2.2 Anh huong cua dung dich HCl den kha nang bien tinh cua bentonit
3.2.3 Anh huang cua nhiet dp nung den dp hoat hoa cua quang pyroluzit
3.2.4 Anh huang cua ty le thanh phan hat Ipc den kha nang hap phu Mn"
3.2.5 Xac dinh mot so tinh chat ca ly cua vat lieu Ipc
3.3.
San xuat \at lieu hat Ipc
3.4. Thiet ke he thong xu ly nuac cho ho gia dinh
3.5. Ap dung trien khai
3.5.1. Tham gia hoi cho trien lam cong nghe
3.6.2. Dan vi phoi hop
3.5.3. Trien khai du an

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SUMMARY REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SUBJECT
1. Title of project:
"Complete the technology of production of filtered materials and the
equipment to treate manganese in the underground water for household
supply".
2. The code of project:
3. Head of project:
Assoc. Prof Dr.

S X T - 0 8 - 01

Nghiem Xuan Thung


6. The results of project
a. The main resuls in science and technology

1. The modification of bentonite at conditions HCl 5% have been obtained.
The results showed that the maximum absorption of Mn^"^ was 56,17% on
bentonite - H .
2. The modification of pyroluzite at 800^C was obtained. The results
showed that the maximum absorption of Mn was 70,39% when used the
active Mn02.
3. have been completed of the fabric technology of the filtered material with
the ratio of bentonite : pyroluzite : adhesive : water = 1 : 2 : 1 : 0,5
4. have been fabricated 30 tons of filtered materials
5. have been fited 50 equipments to treat the manganese in the underground
water for the families and 3 stations to treat the water of the enterprise.
6. Colaborated with 3 companies to using the filtered material to treat the
water
7. The concentrations of Mn , Fe ions in the water after the treatment
were less than < 0,5 mg/1.

b. Results in training:
* 02 graduate students
* 03 technical workers


1. T O N G Q U A N

l.I. Tinh trang nguon nuac hien nay va tinh hinh sudung niio'c.
Nuac la nguon goc ciia su song, can thiet khong nhirng doi voi con nguoi,
dong vat ma con doi vai thuc vat. Ngay nay nuac dugc thira nhan nhu mot tai


6. The results of project
a. The main resuls in science and technology

1. The modification of bentonite at conditions HCl 5% have been obtained.
The results showed that the maximum absorption of Mn^"^ was 56,17% on
bentonite - H .
2. The modification of pyroluzite at 800"C was obtained. The results
showed that the maximum absorption of Mn^^ was 70,39% when used the
acdve Mn02.
3. have been completed of the fabric technology of the filtered material with
the ratio of bentonite : pyroluzite : adhesive : water = 1 : 2 : 1 : 0,5
4. have been fabricated 30 tons of filtered materials
5. have been fited 50 equipments to treat the manganese in the underground
water for the families and 3 stations to treat the water of the enterprise.
6. Colaborated with 3 companies to using the filtered material to treat the
water
7. The concentrations of Mn^"", Fe ^^ ions in the water after the treatment
were less than < 0,5 mg/1 .

b. Results in training:
* 02 graduate students
* 03 technical workers


M UC L UC
MadSu
I. Tong quan
1.1. Tinh trang ngudn nuac hien nay va tinh hinh su dung nuac
1.2. Cac ngudn nuac tu nhien va chit lugng chung ciia nguon nuac

San xuat vat lieu hat Ipc
3.4. Thiet ke he thong xii ly nuac cho ho gia dinh
3.5. Ap dung trien khai
3.5.1. Tham gia hoi chg trien lam cong nghe
3.6.2. t)an vi phoi hgp
3.5.3. Trien khai du an
3.6. Ket qua dao tao
Ket hian
Tai lieu tham khao

1
2
2
2
3
3
5
5
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7
7
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11
11

nguon nuac cang bi 6 nhiem nang anh huang den sue khoe cua con nguai.
Ngay nay, van de xii ly nuac va cung cap nuac sach cho dan cu la moi
quan tam Ian ciia nhieu quoc gia, nhieu to chuc xa hoi va chinh ban than ciia
cong dong dan cu.
Viet nam la mot nuac ma phan Ian dan cu a vung nong thon con thieu
nuac sach, so nguoi dan dugc huang nuac sach chi chiem khoang 40% dan so [ 2 ].
Do d6, nhiem vu xu ly nuac va cung cap nuac sach la mot van de xa hoi noi bat,
dang dugc quan tam dac biet boi nhieu nha khoa hoc va quan ly ciia nuac ta.
De gop phan vao cong viec nay, du an san xuat vai nhiem vu: nghien cuu
che tao vat lieu loc va thiet bi xu ly mangan trong nuac ngam qui nmo ho gia
dinh nham gop phan vao nhiem vu xii ly tao nguon nuac sach phuc vu cho sinh
hoat ciia con nguai.


1. T O N G Q U A N

1.1. Tinh trang nguon nuac hien nay va tinh hinh su' dung nuoc.
Nuac la nguon goc ciia su song, can thiet khong nhung doi vai con nguai,
dong vat ma con doi vai thuc vat. Ngay nay nuac dugc thua nhan nhu mot tai
nguyen chien luge ciia moi quoc gia, va do la mot trong nhung

nnguon tai

nguyen chu chot nhat ciia Trai Dat, bao dam su an toan thuc pham, duy tri su
can bang ciia cac he sinh thai, va dam bao su hoat dong ciia con nguai trong mot
the giai .
Theo cac so lieu gan day [1,2], lugng nuac nggt dugc sii" dung tren hanh
tinh chiing ta chi chiem 0,26% lugng nuac toan the, hoach c6 khoang 50.000
k m / nam trong do chi 1/3 la c6 kha nang sii* dung vao viec san xuat nuac sach.
Su da dang ve khong gian va thai gian ciia cac nguon nuac, ve nhu cau su

den do due, mau sac, sir ket lang cac oxyt, phat trien cac vi khuan [ 2.4 ].
Nhu vay, nuac tu nhien la mot he bao gom nhieu hgp chat phiic tap: v6
CO, hu'u CO va sinh vat. Tuy thugc vao nguon nuac va tinh trang 6 nhiem ma
thanh phan cac hgp chat thay doi. Chat lugng cua nguon nuac nguyen khai va
tieu chuan nuac sach can dugc san xuat cho cac muc dich an uong, su dung
trong cong nghiep, nong nghiep.
1.3. Tieu chuan chat lugng nuac.
Trong nhiing nam gan day, vai su no lire ciia chinh phu va su ho trg co
hieu qua cua cac to chuc quoc te, cai thien viec cap nuac sinh hoat va dieu kien
ve sinh cho nguai dan. Hien nay a Viet nam co mot so qui djnh tieu chuan chat
lugng nuac sinh hoat da dugc cac co quan co tham quyen ban hanh (Xem phan
phu luc). Bao gom:
/. Tieu chuan Viet nam ( TCVN 5502; 3003) - nuac cap sinh hoat - yeu
cau chat lugng do Bg khoa hoc va cong nghe ban hanh.
2. Tieu chuan ve sinh nuac an u6ng( quyet dinh ciia Bg truong Bp y te so
1329/2002/BYTngay 18/4/2002.
3. Tieu chuan ve sinh nuac sach (s6 09/2005/QD-BYT ngay 11/3/2005
cua Bg truang Bg y te).
1.4. Tam quan trong cua viec xu ly nuoc
Theo lien hop quoc da tuyen bo tu nam 1980 - 1990 la thap ky quoc te v^
nuoc sach va ve sinh [2,5].


Lien hgp quoc da xac dinh muc tieu cap nuac sach va ve sinh cho tat ca
moi nguai tren trai dat vao nam 1990. Do la mot cong viec rat nang ne.
That vay, theo to chuc y te the giai thi khoang 80% benh tat cua nguoi
dan tren the giai lien quan true tiep den nuac luon bi viem da day- rugt, benh
san, giun, sot ret...
Vi du, Mangan la mot kim loai nang no co mat Igi va mat hai. Neu a ham
lugng nho c6 Igi cho su phat trien ciia ca the, cho sue khoe, neu a ham lugng

cho nuac ma con lam cho cac sinh vat phat trien, khoi mao cho cac hien tupng
an mon. Viec loai bo sat, mangan trong xii xy nuac an uong thuc hien dong thai.
Viec loai bo sat, mangan la cong doan dugc su dung chu yeu de xu ly
nuac ngam.
1.5. Nguon goc cua sat va mangan
a. Sat:
Sat la mot nguyen to co nhieu trong v6 Qua Dat. Do hoa tan cua sat trong
nuac la ket qua ciia nhieu phan ling thuan nghich, chii yeu la phan ting thuy
phan ciia Fe"^" va Fe^"^' Ngoai ra, con co
* Kha nang tao phuc vai Cac hgp chat hiju co, v6 ca khac:
Fe^"

+

Fe

+

3H2O ^
e

Fe(0H)3

-^-^

+ 3YC

Fe

Su ton tai cua sat hoa tan trong moi truang nuac doi hoi mot the oxy hoa
dL^a

4

0
jzd

- Hap phu cac ion va phan tu vi the chiing co the lam sach cac cation kim
Igai, va cac hgp chat huu ca.
Nhu chiing ta da biet mangan, sat co chiia trong v6 Qua Dat \'ai mot ham
lugng Ian khi su dung tu nguon nuoc tu nhien anh huong tai sue khoe ciia con
nguai. Vi vay, viec phan tich danh gia ham lugng mangan, sat co trong nguon
nuac de tu do tim ra vat lieu phii hgp de loai tru no ra khoi nguon nuoc la rat
can thiet.


IL CAC PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
2.1. Phuong phap hoa hgc:
2.7. /, Mangan

va phu&ng phap xac dinh

mangan:

Mangan la nguyen to tuong doi boat dong, a nhiet do thuong mangan de
bi oxy hoa, tao thanh mang MuxOy bao phu ben ngoai kim loai bao ve cho kim
loai khong bi oxy hoa tiep, Nen, tu lau mangan da dugc ung dung rgng rai trong
nhieu ITnh vuc: vat lieu tu, hgp kim, vat lieu hap phu, vat lieu xiic tac oxy hoa
chgn Igc, Mn02 tren nen cac bentonit, diatomit, cat thach anh dugc diing de loai
bo cac hgp chat dgc hai trong nuac, nuac thai,
Co nhieu phuang phap xac dinh mangan:
Khi ham lugng mangan Ion co the diing phuang phap phan tich khoi
lugng, phan tich the tich, khi ham lugng be diing phuang phap phan tich trac quang.
Xac djnh Fe(II), Mn(II):
Nguyen tac:
Chiing toi tien hanh bang phuong phap chuan do:
6Fe^" + Cr207^'+ 14H^ ^



^v«^ V.JX... v*v -v.^ — t o jj^-«ang phap Ascimet:
pi = m^. P i / m ^ - m , ;

po = m^ - m, / m^ - m,

d -

pi / pii

;

pc

= 1- d -

pi:

Ti trgng dang khoi cua vat lieu ( g/ cm3)

d:

Ti so ti trgng khoi / ti trgng ly thuyet

Pit:

Ti trgng ly thuyet ciia vat lieu (g/cm3)

pi : Ti trgng ciia chat long su dung (g/cm3)

tinh khietTQ
- Cac boa ch4t NaOH, HCl, H2SO4, Polyalumiclorua, PVA, ky thuat
- Khoang bentonit, quang pyroluzit ( 62% Mn02 ) dugc cung cap bai
cong ty CO phan khoang san va co khi, so 2 Dang Thai Than- Ha Noi.
- Dung cu, thiet bi:
Coc thuy tinh, bat sii, pipet, buret.
May do quang UV, May nhieu xa tia X, 16 nung, 16 say, may nghien, may
trpn, may tao hat, can, may khau bao.
i.7.2. Cac bu&c tien hdnh thiic nghiem
3.1.2.1. Khao sat nghien cuv nguyen h'eu
a. Nguyen h'eu bentonit:
• Hoat hoa khoang bentonit bang axit HCl:
+ Cho mot lugng 10 g bentonit vao binh cau 1 lit , sau do cho 100 ml
dung dich HCl co nong do thay doi tu 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9%, khi thay khi thoat ra thi bat
dau xac djnh, dong thai khay lien tuc trong 5 gia. Lgc hon hgp thu dugc, tach
lay phan set tren phieu lgc, rija sach bang nuaccat cho tai khi het ion CT (thu
bang d.d. AgN03 0,1% cho tai khi khong con xuat hien ket tua trang). Say klio
san pam thu dugc a SO'^C trong 8 gia. Nghien san pham thu dugc tren may
nghien bi va ray qua ray co 0,03inm. Bgt thu dugc la Bentonit-H.
Ket qua set bien tinh dugc khao sat bang qua trinh hap phu Mn"* trong
dune dich
* Phuong phap hap phu tach ion Mn"* trong nuac:
Qua trinh hap phu dugc tien hanh: can 10 g bentonit-H cho \'ao coc 250 ml
chua 100 ml duns dich MnS04 co nons do 10 ma/ lit, khua\' deu trone 4 ^io de