UNIT 11: DOWN TO EARTH
3 LISTENING
1. garden /’go:(r)dn/ noun [count] an area of land next to or near a house that is used for growing flowers or vegetables:
vườn
garden verb [intransitive] to take care of a garden and its plants: làm vườn
She spends most weekends gardening.
2. research /rI’sE:tS/ noun [uncount] the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts, especially in a university
or scientific institution: sự nghiên cứu
research into: research into the causes of schizophrenia
research on: There is clearly a need for further research on this topic.
research /rI’sE:tS/ verb [transitive] to make a detailed study of something in order to discover new facts: nghiên
cứu
They have been researching the effects of the drug on mice.
3. contact /’kOntAkt/ noun [count or uncount] communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking
or writing: giao tiếp, liên lạc
contact between: There has been no direct contact between the two sides in the dispute.
contact with: Jury members must avoid contact with the defendants and their families.
lose contact: mất liên lạc: I have lost contact with most of my college friends.
get/keep/stay in contact: giữ liên lạc: Do you and Jo still keep in contact?
contact /’kOntAkt/ verb [transitive] to write to someone or talk to them on the telephone: liên lạc, tiếp xúc
You can always contact me at my home number.

4. benefit /’benIfIt/ noun
1 [count usually plural] extra money or other advantages that you get in addition to your salary from your employer as
part of your job: phúc lợi
The benefits include medical insurance and a company car.
2 [count or uncount] an advantage you get from a situation: lợi ích
The new sports facility will bring lasting benefit to the community.
benefit (present participle benefiting or benefitting; past tense and past participle benefited or benefitted) verb
[intransitive] to get help or an advantage from something: nhận được lợi ích
benefit from: Patients have benefited greatly from this treatment.

mention that: Did I mention that I’ve got a new job?
mention /’mentSn/ noun [singular or uncount] the act of referring to someone or something in speech or writing:
sự đề cập đến
There’s no mention of any such costs in the contract.
10. view /vju:/ noun [count or uncount] the ability to see something from a particular place: tầm nhìn
view of: We had a fantastic view of the mountains from our room.
come into view (=become able to be seen): The castle came into view as we turned the corner.
view verb [transitive] to look at or watch something: nhìn, quan sát
More than 20,000 people viewed her casket at the convention center.
11. focus /’fCUkCs/ noun [singular or uncount] particular attention paid to something: mối quan tâm, sự tập trung
focus on: I’d like to see more focus on economic policy.
focus (present participle focusing or focussing; past tense and past participle focused or focussed) verb
[intransitive or transitive] to concentrate on something and pay particular attention to it: tập trung (vào cái gì)
focus on/upon: We will focus upon three main topics.
12. stay /steI/ noun [count] [usually singular] a limited period of time that you live somewhere: thời gian ở lại
I hope you enjoyed your stay with us.
stay verb [intransitive] to remain in a particular place: ở lại, lưu lại
Stay right here, please.
13. complain /kCm’pleIn/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to say that you are not satisfied with something: than phiền
complain (that): She complained that she never had any time to herself.
complain about: What are you complaining about?
complaint /kCm’pleInt/ noun [count or uncount] a written or spoken statement in which someone says they are
not satisfied with something: sự than phiền
complaint about: Customers lodged a formal complaint about the way they were treated.
complaint that: The county has received complaints that the building is not safe.
5 READING
14. oceanographer /,CUSC’nOgrCfC(r)/ noun [count] someone who does the scientific study of the oceans: nhà hải
dương học
oceanography /,CUSC’nOgrCfI/ noun [uncount] the scientific study of the oceans: hải dương học
oceanographic /,CUSCnC’grAfIk/ adj

The computer will generate apparently random numbers.
at random: open a book at random: mở đại ra một trang sách
randomly adverb
randomly selected
randomness noun [uncount]
24. junk /dXZVNk/ noun [uncount] old or broken things: đồ tạp nhạp bỏ đi
You should get rid of all that junk in your garage.
25. wash up phrasal verb [intransitive or transitive] if the ocean washes something up somewhere, it carries it and leaves it
there: cuốn, đưa vào bờ, dạt vào bờ
Some of the oil has washed up on a neighboring island.
26. swap /swOp/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to give something to someone in exchange for something else: TRADE: trao
đổi, đổi chác
swap something for something: She has a job she wouldn’t want to swap for a million dollars.
swap /swOp/ noun [singular] INFORMAL the process of giving one thing in exchange for another: sự trao đổi, sự đổi
chác
The hostages were released as part of a swap for two spies.
swap meet noun [count] AMERICAN INFORMAL an informal event at which people can exchange or sell things: họp
chợ
There’s a swap meet in the parking lot downtown every Saturday afternoon.
27. investigate /In’vestIgeIt/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to try to find out the facts about something in order to learn
the truth about it: điều tra
All complaints from our customers are investigated quickly and efficiently.
investigation /In,vestI’geISn/ noun [count or uncount] the process of trying to find out all the details or facts
about something in order to learn who or what caused it or how it happened: sự điều tra
investigation of/into: The investigation into the crash of Flight 003 is now in its second month.
28. total /’tCUtl/ noun [count] the amount you get when you add several numbers or things together: tổng số, toàn bộ
total of: A total of 17 students signed up for the course.
in total counting everyone or everything: tổng cộng
In total over 100 people attended.
total (adj) [only before noun] with all the numbers or things added together: toàn bộ

informative /In’fc:mCtIv/ (adj) giving a great deal of information in a helpful way: cung cấp nhiều tin tức
an entertaining and informative documentary
inform /In’fc:(r)m/ verb [transitive] to officially tell someone something or give them information about something:
thông báo
inform someone of/about something: Please inform us of any changes in your circumstances.
inform someone (that): Parents were informed that the school was closing early.
34. data /’deItC/ noun [uncount] facts or information used for making calculations or decisions: số liệu, dữ kiện
The analysis was based on data collected in the field.
35. refine /rI’faIn/ verb [transitive] to make some changes to something in order to improve it: cải tiến
We’ve refined the system since it was first launched.
refinement /rI’faInmCnt/ noun [count or uncount] a small change that is made to something in order to improve
it: cải tiến
The oven has an automatic timer and others refinements.

36. model /’mOdl/ verb[transitive] (present participle modeling or modelling; past tense and past participle modeled or
modelled) to produce a simple technical description to show how something such as a process, system, or theory
works: mô phỏng
Scientists have used computers to model environmental changes.
model /’mOdl/ noun [count]
1 a small copy of something such as a building, vehicle, or machine: mô hình, mẫu
model of: The exhibit included a model of the Golden Gate Bridge made from matchsticks.
2 a person whose job is to appear in magazines or fashion shows wearing clothes or makeup (=colors for the lips and
face) for sale, so that people will want to buy them: người mẫu
Ella wants to be a fashion model.
37. ship /SIp/ verb [transitive often passive] to send goods or people somewhere by ship: vẩn chuyển bằng đường biển
Toxic waste is shipped from Western Europe to other countries.
shipment /’SIpmCnt/ noun
1 [count] an amount of goods carried on a ship, airplane, train, or truck: hàng gửi
shipment of: The spider was found in a shipment of bananas.
2 [uncount] the process of taking goods from one place to another: việc gửi hàng

subscribe /sCb’skraIb/ verb [intransitive] to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to support
a charity: quyên vào, góp vào
44. trail /treIl/ noun [count] a path through the countryside, especially one designed for walking for pleasure: đường mòn
The trail led down to the lake.
45. turn /tE:n/ noun [count] a place where a road bends to the right or left: cua quẹo
There’s a very sharp turn at the end of the road.
46. hike /haIk/ verb [intransitive] to go for a long walk in the countryside: đi bộ đường dài
Soldiers had to hike nearly 20 miles through the swamps.
hike noun [count] a long walk in the countryside: cuộc đi bộ đường dài
take a hike: Let’s take a hike tomorrow.
hiker noun
47. come up (to…) (from…) to come from one place to another, especially from the south of a country to the north or from a
smaller place to a larger one: đi đến
Why don’t you come up to Scotland for a few days?
8 LISTENING