Articles
Articles
∗ Form
∗ Use
I. Form & Pronunciation
Indefinite article
A, AN + singular, countable nouns a student, a book, an idea
Not: a students, an ideas, a water (U), a
music (U)
Definite Article
THE +
N euncountabl
N plural
N countablesingular
the man
the shoes
the water
Indefinite article
A + Consonant sound
a book, a car, a day, a friend, a girl
But: an hour
AN + Vowel sound
 We base on the pronunciation, not
the spelling to decide “a” or “an”.
an apple, an egg, an interview, an
old coat, an umbrella
But: a university
Definite Article
THE [đə] + Consonant Sound the book, the car, the girl
THE [đi:] + Vowel sound the end
II. Use

− Are you hot? I’ll open the window. (= the
window in this room.)
− I got into a taxi. The driver asked me where I
wanted to go. (= the driver of the taxi.)
4. used to mention the only one thing the sun, the moon, the earth, the Queen
5. used with superlative adjectives
− He is the richest man in the world.
6. Used before proper name of
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- oceans, seas, rivers, canals, plural lakes,
- deserts, island groups
- hotels, theatres, museums, clubs,
restaurants, pubs
- newspapers
But: not with hotels, restaurants, churches, ...
named after the people who started them or saints
+ the possessive ‘s
− the Pacific, the Red Sea, the Nile, the Panama
Canal
− the Sahara, the Canaries
− the Plaza, the Cannon Cinema, the Prado
Museum, the Black Cat Club, the Hard Rock
Cafeï, the Swan (pub), the Times,
The Macy’s Hotel, The Lloyds Bank, The
Woolworths, The St Peter’s Church, The St
Paul’s Cathedral
7. used to talk about something in general
− species of animals, flowers and plants; cinema,
theatre; musical instruments, inventions
THE + singular count N

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ASSIGNMENT ON “PRONOUNS”
1. How many kinds of Pronouns are there in English? What are they?
2. Which pronouns are included in each kind of Pronoun?
• Personal Pronoun:
3. How many kinds of Personal Pronouns are there in English? What are they?
4. What are differences between them? (functions and positions in sentences)
5. List all situations that Personal Pronouns are used. Give one example for each case.
6. List all special situations that “It” is used. Give one example for each case.
• Possessive pronoun
7. What are the forms of Possessive pronoun? (Imine, you….,…)
8. When do we use Possessive pronoun?
• Possessive pronoun
9. What are functions and positions of Possessive pronoun? Give one example for each case.
• Reciprocal Pronouns
10. How many Reciprocal Pronouns are there in English? What are they?
11. What are differences between them?
12. What are functions and positions of Reciprocal noun? Give one example for each case.
• Demonstrative Pronouns
13. How many Demonstrative Pronouns are there in English? What are they?
14. What are differences among them?
• Interrogative Pronouns
15. How many Interrogative Pronouns are there in English? What are they?
16. What are differences among them? (which are used for person? Which for thing? What are their
functions in sentences?)
• Relative Pronouns
17. How many Relative Pronouns are there in English? What are they?
18. What are differences among them? (which are used for person? Which for thing? What are their
functions in sentences?)
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