GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
TÓM TẮT CÔNG THỨC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Loại Mệnh đề phụ ( IF ) Mệnh đề chính Cách dùng
1a IF + S + V
1/S/ES
+...... , S + V
1/S/ES
+......
ĐK luôn luôn
đúng
1b IF + S + V
1/S/ES
+...... , S + WILL/ SHAL + V
0
+......
ĐK có thể xảy ra
ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
2
IF + S + WERE / V
2/ED
+...... ,
S + WOULD V
0
+......
ĐK không thật ở
hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
WERE + S + ………,
3
IF + S + HAD V

0
+ …..
B. Chữ IF: NẾU; chữ UNLESS: NẾU KHÔNG; chữ OR:... HOẶC LÀ...... NẾU KHÔNG/... NẾU
KHÔNG...
Do đó: 1) IF + Mệnh đề khẳng định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề phủ định
2) IF + Mệnh đề phủ định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề khẳng định
C. Cách dịch đối với câu dùng UNLESS / OR:
1) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt đầu câu thì dịch mệnh đề chính (mệnh đề bên phải dấu phẩy) trước.
2) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt giữa câu thì dịch từ trái qua phải.
D. Ghi chú:
Có những trường hợp ta cũng có câu điều kiện chỉ gồm có mệnh đề chính và cụm từ chỉ điều kiện.
Ví dụ: Without her encouragements, I could not have won the game.
Without your leading, we will never come on time.
If tired, you can take a rest.
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất:
1. If the train is late, we_______ to the office.
A. walk B. will walk C. would walk D. walks
2. She_______ if she has time.
A. calls B. would call C. will call D. calling
3. If it_______ too much, I will buy the smaller one.
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GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
A. costs B. will cost C. would cost D. cost
4. If the class_______ full, we will find another one.
A. are B. will be C. were D. is
5. What will we do if the taxi_______?
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. doesn’t come D. had not come
6. If it snowed this summer, we_______ skiing.

21. I wouldn’t have believed it if I_______ it with my own eyes.
A. not to see B. didn’t see C. don’t see D. hadn’t seen
22. What _______ if you found a burglar in your house?
A. will you do B. do you do C. would you do D. you do
23. If you_______ more slowly, he might have understood you.
A. had spoken B. speak C. speaks D. to speak
24. If you_______ careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
A. are not B. were not C. be not D. not be
25. If she_______ this one, I will bring her another one.
A. don’t like B. doesn’t like C. not like D. to like
26. If I _______ him, I_______ him a lift.
A. see/ would give B. saw/ will give C. see/ will give D. had seen/ will give
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GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
27. The table _______ if you_______ on it.
A. will collapse/ stand B. would collapse/ stand
C. would have collapsed/ stood D. collapses/ had stood
28. If he_______ all those fruits, he _______ sick.
A. eat / will get B. eats/ will get
C. had eaten/ would get D. ate/ would have got
29. If I _______ your passport, I_______ you at once.
A. found/ will telephone B. find/ would telephone
C. had found/ would have telephone D. find/ will telephone
30. The police_______ him if they catch him.
A. arrest B. would arrest C. will arrest D. arrested
31. If he_______ in such a pale light, he will ruin his eyes.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
32. Someone_______ your car if you leave it unlocked.
A. steal B. will steal C. stole D. would steal

45. If you_______ this one, I’ll bring you another.
A. doesn’t like B. will not like C. don’t like D. didn’t like
46. Unless you _______ more careful, you_______ an accident.
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A. are/ will have B. were/ will have C. had been/ would have D. be/ have
47. If I tell you a secret, _______ you promise not to tell it to anyone else?
A. would B. did C. will D. have
48. If you_______ what I say, ask your mother.
A. not believe B. not to believe C. didn’t believe D. don’t believe
49. Unless I _______ a quiet room, I_______ not be able to do any work.
A. had/ will B. have/ will C. has/ would have D. had had/ would have
50. She _______ not open the door unless she_______ who it is.
A. will/ knew B. will/ knows C. would/ knew D. does/ knows
51. If I _______ a typewriter now, I_______ this contract by myself.
A. have/ would type B. have/ will type
C. had/ would type D. had had/ would have typed
52. Unless I_______ his address, I’d give it to you.
A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. knew D. know
53. He_______ a lot better if he _______ more often years back.
A. would have looked/ shaved B. will look/ shaved
C. looks/ shave D. would have looked/ had shaved
54. If you_______ for lower stakes, you _______ so much.
A. plays/ would lose B. play/ will have been losing
C. played/ won’t lose D. had played/ wouldn’t have lost
55. Unless he worked more slowly, he_______ so many mistakes.
A. would make B. will make C. wouldn’t make D. won’t make
56. I wouldn’t drink that wine if I_______ you.
A. were B. am C. had been D. be

A. were B. had been C. are D. is
70. Unless I had known that you were in hospital, I_______ you.
A. will visit B. would have visited C. visit D. don’t visit
71. You would have seen my garden at its best if you_______ here last week.
A. were B. are C. had been D. be
72. I shouldn’t have believed it if I_______ it with my own eyes.
A. had seen B. saw C. hadn’t seen D. didn’t see
73. If I_______ a map, I _______ the way to the Post Office.
A. had had/ would have lost B. had had/ wouldn’t have lost C.
had/ won’t lose D. have/ wouldn’t have
74. If I_______ that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
A. know B. knew C. had known D. didn’t know
75. Had you left that wasp alone, it_______ you.
A. would have stung B. wouldn’t sting
C. wouldn’t have stung D. would sting
76. Unless I _______ that the traffic lights were red, I_______.
A. had realized/ would have stopped B. had realized/ wouldn’t have stopped C.
realized/ would stop D. realize/ will not stop
77. If you ……… me that he had never paid his debts, I_______ him the money.
A. had told/ wouldn’t have lent B. had told/ wouldn’t have been lent
C. tell/ will not lend D. told/ would lend
78. If you_______ ,he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
A. didn’t sneeze B. won’t sneezed C. doesn’t sneeze D. hadn’t sneezed
79. If you_______ some mustard in the sandwiches, they would have tasted better.
A. put B. puts C. had put D. putting
80. The hens_______ into the house if you had shut the door.
A. couldn’t get B. couldn’t have got C. will not get D. doesn’t get
81. Had he known that the river was dangerous, he_______ to swim across it.
A. would have tried B. would try C. will not try D. wouldn’t have tried
82. _______ more slowly, he might have understood you.