Mobile TV:
DVB-H, DMB, 3G
Systems and Rich
Media Applications
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Mobile TV:
DVB-H, DMB, 3G
Systems and Rich
Media Applications
Amitabh Kumar
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK
• OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE
• SYDNEY • TOKYO
Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier
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Acquisitions Editor: Angelina Ward
Series Editor: S. Merrill Weiss
Publishing Services Manager: George Morrison
Project Manager: Mónica González de Mendoza
Assistant Editor: Doug Shults
Marketing Manager: Christine Degon Veroulis
Cover Design: Eric DeCicco
Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier
30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK
Copyright © 2007, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

PART I: OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES 1
Chapter 1: About Mobile TV 3
1.1 Mobile TV: A New Reality 5
1.2 What Is Mobile TV? 5
1.3 How Is Mobile TV Different from Ordinary
Terrestrial or Satellite TV? 6
1.4 What Else Is Different about Mobile TV? 7
1.5 Standards for Mobile TV 8
1.6 Resources for Delivering Mobile TV 9
1.7 The Mobile TV Community 10
1.8 New Growth Areas for Mobile TV 10
1.9 Is Mobile TV Really Important? 11
Chapter 2: Introduction to Digital Multimedia 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Picture 14
2.3 Video 22
2.4 Television Transmission Standards 27
2.5 Analog Signal Formats 28
2.6 Digital Video Formats 29
2.7 Video Bit Rate Reduction 33
2.8 MPEG Compression 37
2.9 Compression Standards 40
2.10 H.264/AVC (MPEG-4 Part 10) 46
2.11 Video File Formats 49
2.12 Audio Coding 51
2.13 Audio Compression 54
2.14 Summary and File Formats 60
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Chapter 3: Introduction to Streaming and Mobile Multimedia 63

5.1 Why New Technologies for Mobile TV? 123
5.2 What Does a Mobile TV Service Require? 126
5.3 Mobile TV Services on Cellular Networks 126
5.4 Digital TV Broadcast Networks 127
5.5 Digital Audio Broadcasting and Digital
Multimedia Broadcasting 129
5.6 Mobile TV Broadcast Using Digital Multimedia
Broadcast Terrestrial Technologies (T-DMB) 130
5.7 Broadcast and Unicast Technologies for Mobile TV 130
5.8 Broadcast Mobile TV and Interactivity 132
5.9 Overview of Technologies 133
5.10 Mobile TV Using 3G Platforms 137
5.11 Mobile TV Services Using Terrestrial Transmission 145
5.12 Terrestrial Broadcasting Technologies for Mobile TV 149
5.13 Overview of DVB-H Services 150
5.14 Mobile TV Using DMB Technologies 152
5.15 MediaFLO Mobile TV Service 161
5.16 DAB-IP Services for Mobile TV 165
5.17 Mobile TV Using ISDB-T Services 165
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5.18 Mobile TV Using WiMAX Technologies 167
5.19 Comparison of Mobile TV Services 169
5.20 Mobile Services Using 3G (UMTS/WCDMA/CDMA2000) 169
5.21 Mobile Services Using DVB-H Technology 170
5.22 Outlook for Mobile TV Services 171
PART II: TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOBILE TV AND MULTIMEDIA
BROADCASTING 175
Chapter 6: Mobile TV Using 3G Technologies 177

7.14 Example of a DVB-H Transmission System for Mobile TV 240
Chapter 8: Mobile TV Using Digital Multimedia Broadcast (DMB) Services 245
8.1 Introduction to DMB Services 245
8.2 A Brief Overview of DAB Services 246
8.3 How Is the DAB Structure Modified for DMB Services? 247
8.4 Satellite and Terrestrial DMB Services 251
8.5 DMB Services in Korea 252
8.6 DMB Services Ground Segment 259
8.7 S-DMB System Specifications 260
8.8 DMB Trials and Service Launches 260
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 9: Mobile TV and Multimedia Services Interoperability 263
9.1 Introduction 263
9.2 Organizations for the Advancement of Interoperability 267
9.3 Network Interoperability and Roaming 269
9.4 Roaming 271
9.5 Interoperability of Multimedia Services 275
9.6 Handset Features for Roaming and Interoperable Networks 280
9.7 Summary 282
Chapter 10: Spectrum for Mobile TV Services 283
10.1 Introduction 283
10.2 Background of Spectrum Requirements for
Mobile TV Services 286
10.3 Which Bands Are Most Suitable for Mobile TV? 289
10.4 Mobile TV Spectrum 292
10.5 Country-Specific Allocation and Policies 299
10.6 Spectrum Allocation for Wireless Broadband Services 306
10.7 Will Mobile TV Be Spectrum Constrained? 308

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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13.7 Handsets for DVB-H Services 372
13.8 DMB Multimedia Phones 372
13.9 Multinetwork and Multistandard Phones 373
13.10 Phones for WiMAX and WiBro Technologies 373
13.11 Hard-Disk Mobile Phones 374
13.12 Integrating Phone Features Wi-LAN and Bluetooth 375
13.13 Can the Handsets Be Upgraded with Technology? 375
13.14 Summary 375
13.15 Appendix: Nokia N90 Technical Specifications 376
PART IV: CONTENT AND SERVICES ON MOBILE TV AND
MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS 381
Chapter 14: Mobile TV Services and Multimedia Services Worldwide 383
14.1 Introduction 383
14.2 Approach to Mobile TV Networks 385
14.3 Content Models of Commercial Operators 391
14.4 Operational Networks 393
14.5 Summary 403
Chapter 15: Content for Mobile TV Networks 405
15.1 Introduction: the New Interactive Media Opportunity 405
15.2 Mobile TV Content 409
15.3 Interactive Services 412
15.4 Delivery Platforms 419
15.5 Content Formats for Mobile TV 421
15.6 Content Authoring Tools 424
15.7 Mobile Content in the Broadcast Environment 428
15.8 Summary: Focus on Content Development and
Delivery Platforms 428
Chapter 16: Interactivity and Mobile TV 431

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION
This book is exclusively dedicated to mobile TV, which is emerging as
the killer application of the 21st century. Today over 2 billion mobile
phones are in use worldwide. The range of services offered on mobile
networks varies from simple voice calls to complex multimedia appli-
cations, entertainment, content sharing, and mobile offices. Mobile TV,
the newest addition to the mobile services portfolio, is a sunrise tech-
nology with a potential user base of over 200 million by 2011. The pace
of the industry is unprecedented with an average lifetime of mobile
devices of less than 2 years. Countries such as China and India are
adding close to 5 million users a month. The industry encompasses
everyone.
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Even though the mobile TV is slated to grow exponentially in the very
near future, the concise information on the subject continues to remain
scattered. It is true that many of the technologies have recently emerged
from trials but the basic bedrock of the structure on which such services
will be based is now firmly in place. No single week passes by when a
new commercial launch of mobile TV somewhere in the world is not
announced. The standards for the services have the status of recommen-
dations of the ITU, ETSI, and 3G Partnership fora. The implementation
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is swift and multifronted—in the form of technology itself as well as
every other form: handsets, applications, chip sets, software, operating
systems, spectrum, transmission technologies, and even content writing
for mobile TV.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the technological

be available for such services? What are the limitations for services
based on each individual technology?
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INTRODUCTION
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This book addresses all these questions by laying down the fundamen-
tals that go into the mobile networks. It begins with the basics of digital
multimedia and goes on to mobile multimedia and streaming to provide
an understanding of what the mobile networks are designed to carry in
the new environment. It also gives an overview of mobile networks
worldwide as well as an overview of technologies for mobile TV. The
new service of mobile TV has successfully completed trials in a number
of countries based on different technologies such as DVB-H, 3G, and
DMB and made its advent in a number of networks. This book discusses
each of the mobile TV technologies in detail, with one chapter devoted
to each service. The technology-specific chapters dwell on all aspects of
the services, ranging from standards to protocols and capabilities.
Interoperability issues between networks and roaming have proved to
be very important in the past and they will be more so in the future. This
book discusses interoperability issues for mobile TV and multimedia
networks. The rollout of mobile TV is also closely linked to the availabi-
lity of spectrum as a resource. The spectrum for mobile TV services and
the manner of rollout in various countries based on these factors are
discussed.
Mobile TV has spawned many new industries, and fast-paced develop-
ments are happening in operating systems for mobile devices, applica-
tion software, chip sets, and the handsets themselves. The chip sets,
which enable multimedia phones and mobile TV, are discussed in the
book along with the progressive developments that are placing com-
plex applications in single chip systems. This book also discusses the

platforms for mobile TV.
Delivery of content needs to be secure in order that mobile networks can
be used for content delivery, and the license holders need to be able to
exercise rights on how the content is used after delivery. This implies the
use of encryption or digital rights management. The topic of content
security as applied to mobile content is discussed in this book. The issue
of interoperability is of paramount importance if roaming and volume
production of handsets are to be considered. An excellent idea of mobile
TV services can be obtained from country-specific implementations.
These are richly documented.
Finally, this book is exclusively focused on mobile TV and multimedia
applications and avoids detailed dissemination of 3G UMTS or CDMA
networks or compression, transmission, or broadcast technologies, which
are easily available in the literature.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This book is primarily intended to give a coherent view of the world
of mobile TV and multimedia applications on mobile networks. It is
meant to give an insight into the maze of technologies, processes, and
dimensions involved in providing mobile TV services. The book, while
being technical, does not contain any formulae or mathematical
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INTRODUCTION
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calculations that go into the design of networks. It has been planned
in a manner to benefit all those in the broadcast and mobile industries,
such as professionals, engineers, and managers as well as students and
the academic community. The mobile industry directly or indirectly
comes into contact with every individual, and extensive work is being
done to further the capabilities of the networks. This book is intended to
help all those who are in any manner connected with mobile networks

other parts, being used as a reference to the technologies or networks
in use. However, mobile TV and multimedia networks are characterized
by their own file formats, encoding technologies, and content delivery
mechanisms; it is useful to read through the book in sequence if time
permits. Readers will find some repetitions in the content in some chap-
ters, this was necessary to present the matter in a self-contained format
without excessive referrals to other sections or chapters.
The following briefly describes the content in the various chapters:
Chapter 2 provides an introduction to digital multimedia, with special
emphasis on the display resolutions, file formats, and video and audio
compression techniques for mobile applications (MPEG-4, H.264, AMR,
AACplus).
Chapter 3 gives an overview of the streaming technologies and mobile
multimedia. This includes the file formats, protocols, and video and
audio coding standards as standardized by the 3GPP and 3GPP2 for use
on mobile networks. Graphics and animation in the mobile environment
are also briefly covered.
Chapter 4 provides an overview of cellular mobile networks worldwide
as well as data capabilities of these networks.
Chapter 5 gives an overview of technologies used in mobile TV and
multimedia broadcasting applications. It also lays down the framework
in which such services are being provided and the operation of unicast
and multicast networks. All technologies for mobile TV and multimedia
are briefly covered, including 3G, DVB-H, DMB, MediaFLO, 1SEG-
ISDB-T, and WiMAX.
Chapter 6 is a detailed presentation of mobile TV using 3G cellular
network technologies. The chapter discusses the protocols for 3G
network-based services such as video streaming, video calling, and
media downloads. It discusses both 3G-UMTS networks and 3G-CDMA
networks, such as CDMA2000 and 1ϫEV-DO. Broadcast and multicast

Palm OS are briefly discussed.
Chapter 13 is devoted to handsets for mobile TV and multimedia appli-
cations. Mobile phone architecture and handling of video and video
through media processors are discussed. The functional requirements of
mobile phones for multimedia applications are discussed along with
handset implementation examples.
Chapter 14 gives an overview of mobile TV services being provided by
various networks across the globe. Included in the chapter are the rev-
enue elements from various multimedia services that are driving the
implementations.
INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 15 deals with content for mobile TV networks. It goes deep
into the mobile TV content, interactive services, and delivery plat-
forms for mobile content.
Chapter 16 is devoted to interactivity in the mobile TV and multimedia
networks. Discussed in this chapter are the features that make mobile
TV interactive, tools for interactivity, and examples of interactive
end-to-end applications.
Chapter 17 is exclusively on content security for mobile TV and multi-
media services. Both the conditional access systems and digital rights
management are discussed, with implementation examples.
Chapter 18 gives some thoughts to the future of mobile TV and multi-
media services. It outlines the trends that will govern future develop-
ments and gives the strengths of and challenges before the mobile TV
and multimedia industry.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Angelina Ward, senior
acquisitions editor at Focal press who was instrumental in providing

of the broadcasting and media industries. Hollywood and film indus-
tries have an appeal that cuts across the age or class profile of the view-
ers. Radio broadcasting was an equally phenomenal success when
introduced through the humble radio. It reached every city and town
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worldwide. Video broadcasting was equally so, but was waiting for a
technology to enable it to break out of the household TV and join the
bandwagon of products that were mobile. The Palm devices demon-
strated the clear need to break away from the fixed environment of the
office PC, as did technologies such as Wi-Fi from the fixed Internet deliv-
ered through wires. Digital cameras found acceptance because they set
free our creativity. The Skype was successful as it did away with the
feeling of having a limited time to talk, as did the iPod by furthering
the thought of having an unlimited number of songs to listen to or
unlimited pictures to share. The multimedia mobile phone, which has
evolved as a realization of all these needs, is indeed such a product. We
are now talking about a device that has natively combined the success-
ful elements of dozens of products or technologies, each of which has
clearly been seen to be a winner on a stand-alone basis over the past
50 years.
The common threads that have led to the success of these products are
related to personal traits in us that we all recognize. These traits are
related to the need to have a personal domain; to be free, mobile,
connected; and to be able to enjoy and play. To have information avail-
able when we want. To have a feeling of unlimited time to talk or listen.
To be creative, generate content, and share it with friends and
communities.
The multimedia mobile phones have meticulously assimilated these
threads of success in a common product. The process has indeed been

TV and multimedia applications.
MOBILE TV—A PROLOGUE
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