PHUONG PHAP PHAN TiCH NGON
NG&
TRONQ DAY HOC
TIEPiQ
VIET
O ThS. BUI THI
LAN*
1.
«Phuang
phdp phdn tich ngdn ngy
(PPPTNN) Id cdch
thuc
gido viin (GV) hudng ddn
hgc sinh (HS)phdn tich cdc hien twgng ngdn ngw,
fim ra dqc frwng cua khdi niem, khdi qudt thdnh
khdi niem roi khdng dinh Iqi khdi niem"
(1).
Trong
dgy hge tilng Viet, viec vgn dyng phuong phdp
ndy Id td't ylu. Vi dgy hgc theo phuang phdp
ndy chinh Id tht/c hien thao tde quy ngp, khdi
niem dugc hinh thdnh tu nhung hien tugng ngdn
ngu ey
thi,
trdnh duge su dp ddt, mgt chieu nhu
dgy theo ldi diln djeh (duo khdi niem trude rdi
sou dd mdi phdn
tich,
chung minh khdi niem).
PPPTNN giup cd ngudi dgy Idn ngudi hgc cung
tham gio xdy dung nen khdi niem, phdy huy duge

tich,
edn ddp ung duge cdc yeu edu sou:
1) NL phdi cd tinh khoa hgc, nghTa Id phdi
chua dung cdc dge trung, ede ndi dung edn phdn
tfeh mdt edeh rd rdng, khdng ndm trong trudng
hgp ngogi le de ngudi hge de ddng phdn
tfeh,
hinh thdnh khdi niem.
2) NL phdi ngdn ggn. NL cdng ngdn ggn,
ehuo
dung nhilu ndi dung li thuylt thi cdng dl quan
sdt, edng thudn tien cho viec phdn
tich.
GV nen
trdnh chgn nhung don vi ddi, Igi chua dung ndi
dung li thuylt it. Bdi, khi duo ra phdn tich HS khd
Tap chi Giao due s6
241 (ki i
•
y/aoioi
bao qudt, theo ddi mdu; GV cung mdt nhilu thdi
gian khdng cdn thiet. GV khdng nen vdn dyng
quan dilm tich hgp mgt cdch mdy mdc md duo
ro nhung vf dy vdn chuong qud ddi gdy khd khdn
cho viee phdn
tich,
hinh thdnh khdi niem.
3) NL phdi ddm bdo finh vua du. Ddy dugc
coi Id yeu edu quan trgng nhdt khi tgp hgp NL de
hinh thdnh khdi niem. NL dua ro phdn tich duge

3
tu Id du. Trong dd phdi ed tdt ed ede kieu tu tieng
Viet xet vl mgt cdu tgo: tu don, tu ghep vd tu Idy.
Nlu NL duo ro khdng du 3
h>
thudc 3
kiiu
nhu
tren Id
thilu.
Nhung nlu NL duo ra dl phdn tich
cd
thi
hon 3 tu nhung Igi thieu mdt trong 3 kieu
tiJ
tren Id vua thua Igi vua
thilu.
4) NL phdi ddm bdo finh gido due. Cdc don
vi ngdn ngiJ duge chgn Idm NL khi dgy hgc khdng
chi dung, du, ngdn ggn, md cdn ddm bdo tfnh
gido
dye.
Gido dye ed ve tu tudng, dgo due, tinh
cdm quy trgng, yeu
min
tilng Viet cung nhu y
thuc giu gin sy trong sdng eua tilng Viet. Mudn
ddm bdo duge ddc trung ndy, GV nen chgn lua
cdc don vj ngdn ngu trong cdc tdc phdm vdn hgc
cd tinh nghe thudt vd fu tudng eao; Id ngdn ngCr dd

5) NL can ddm bdo finh thdm ml. Ngodi cdc
yeu cdu co bdn
tren,
NL edn ddm bdo tfnh thdm
mT,
ddm bdo viec gido dye cho ngudi hgc bilt nhin
nhdn,
thudng thue vd ddnh gid cdi dep mgt cdch
dung ddn. Chdng hgn, khi tgp hgp NL dl tim hilu
khdi niem
tt>
ddng dm nen trdnh chgn ede mau NL
nhu:
Con
ruSi
ddu mdm xoi ddu; Con kien bd dia
thitbd.
Hoy NL duo ra phdn tfeh de tim hieu khdi
niem ndi qud eung nen trdnh, vi dy: Lo mui mudi
tdm gdnh
Idng/Chdng
yeu chdng bdo rdu rong
trdi cho/Dim ndm thi ngdy o
o/Chong
yeu chong
bdo ngdy cho vui
nhd/Dl
chg thi hay dn qua/
Chong yiu chong bdo ve nhd dd cam
Cho du ddy Id nhung vi dy dd duge mgt

mye,
ddp ung duge ede yeu edu eua bdi hge.
Cdn vi dy cuo HS chdc ehdc khdng the ndo ddp
ung ddy du ede yeu cdu dd neu se Idm dnh hudng
din
thdi gian cua gid hge vd gid hge se khdng
dgt dugc myc tieu dd dgt ro. Do vdy, nen yeu
cdu HS duo vf dy de minh hga cho khdi niem, de
#
khde sdu, md rdng vd'n de sou khi dd phdn tfeh
tim hilu khdi niem (HS dd ndm dugc khdi niem
hodc cho HS tim vi dy nhung theo djnh hudng
cuo GV). Tu ddy ed
thi
md rdng them nhilu mdt
cuo vd'n dl, HS vd GV eung tham gio gidi quyet.
3. Thuc hien phuong phdp phdn
h'ch
ngon ngir
Ndi dung eua PPPTNN ndm d bdn thdn cuo
qud trinh phdn
tich,
ehia ddi tugng ro thdnh nhung
bg phdn, nhung khfo cgnh, nhiJng mdt khde nhau.
Tu dd, Idn lugt tim hieu mdt edeh kT cdng hon,
sdu sdc hon, nhdm nhdn thue ddi tugng mdt edeh
ddy du vd chinh xdc. Vi
thi,
khi thyc hien phuong
phdp ndy, khdng the tien hdnh mdt cdch h/y tien

Ngudi thyc hien
hogt ddng phdn tfeh ngdn ngu cdn trdnh ldi phdn
chia nhdy vgt, edeh qudng md phdi tiln hdnh
phdn tfeh tung yeu to ngdn
ngiJ
trong he thd'ng
theo trdt ty tung nhdnh, sou dd tdp hgp
nhiJng
bd
phdn nhd dy Igi thdnh ehfnh
thi
ban ddu. Cdch
phdn tfeh ehi tilt ndy se duo
din
eho HS ed edi
nhin rd rdng hon ve ddi tugng cdn nhgn thuc.
Dudi ddy Id cdc bude eua quy trinh phdn tich
ngdn
ngiJ
cho mdt bdi hge li thuylt ey
thi,
gdm:
- GV eung HS xdy dyng NL cdn phdn
tich.
NL
dugc chgn edn ddm bdo cdc nguyen tde nhu dd
ndi
tren.
- GV hudng ddn HS quan sdt NL vd Idn lugt
phdn tich NL theo djnh hudng cuo bdi hgc.

11
(Phdn Ijeh
su
Viet Nam).
Bdi
17:
Vdn
minh
Dqi
Viet.
GV
Idng ghep
bdi hge
tren
ddy vdo
phdn
1:
«Khdi qudt tien trinh phdt
trien lich sw
vd vdn
minh
Dqi
Viet"
dl
ndi
len vol
trd
cua Ly
Cdng
Udn

nay.
7)
Vol Idp 12
(Phdn ljch
su
Viet Nam).
Bdi
2d:
Ddt
nwdc trin dwong
ddi mdi di lin
CNXH
(198d-
2000). Trong
bdi ndy, GV cdn
giup
hgc
sinh ndm dugc
y
nghTa eua nhung thdnh tyu kinh
tl
- xd hgi cuo
nude
ta
trong
15
ndm
(1986-
2000) thyc hien dudng
ldi ddi mdi.

1000
ndm Thdng
Long
- Hd Ngi. Chi thj neu rd:
«Ddy
Id mpt
sw
kiin trgng
dqi cua
nwdc
nhd", «Ki
niem
1000
ndm Thdng Long
- Hd Npi Id su
bleu
thi
finh
cdm
vd
dqo li
udng nude
nhd
ngudn
ct/o nude
Viet
Nam
ddi vdi
cdc
thi'he

dip
degidi
thieu
vd
ndng
cao tdm
vdc
cua
Thu
dd
Hd Npi ndi
riing
vd
Viet
Nam ndi
chung
a
khu
vuc vd
trin
thi'gidi".
G
Phirong phap
(Tiip theo frang
34)
ehung minh ngugc
Igi
ndy
md
chuyin nhanh sang phdn tilp

Id
mdt trong nhung
phuang phdp
rdt
hieu qud
de
dgy HS
tri
thue
If
thuylt
mdi,
hode
tim
hilu
mdi
quan
he
giua
bdn
thdn
cdc yeu
to
ngdn
ngu vdi
nhau. Phuong
phdp ndy ed uu the trong viec
giup
HS
hilu

gia cdc
hogt ddng tren mgng
nhu:
dgc
tdi
lieu
(bdi
gidng dien tu), thdo lugn tren diln ddn, chat, thyc
hien
cdc bdi tgp
Idn
- Tiln hdnh kiem
tra moi khi
kit
thuc
mdt
module
hgc tdp dl
ddnh
gid khd
ndng nhgn thue
vd
trinh
do
eua ngudi hge. Tren
co sd
dd,
GV cd
thi
phdn nhdm

hge tryc tuyen Bdn
dd hgc
trong trudng
dgi hge su
phgm,
vdi
nhung
uu
thi
vugt
trdi,
vdi su
tuong thfch
rdt
td't vdi
qud
trinh DT theo
he
thdng
tin
chi
dang duge
dp dyng
tgi cdc
trudng
dgi hge d
Viet
Nam
hien
nay.

2.
NguySn
Dugc
-
Nguyfin
Trpng Phiic.
Li
luan day hoc dia li. NXB Dqi
hoc qudc gia
Hk
Noi. 1998.
3.
Nguyen Va Qu6'c Hung. Giao trinh xay dung bai giang dien
tu.
Trudng
Dqi
hpc suphqm
Hd Ngi. 2006.
4.
Website:
Tap ehi Giao due so
241 (ki
i.
r/aoio)
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