CHfNH
TR! -
AN
NINH CHAU AU
MOT SO
Ka QUn
TRONG CHINH
SflCH
DOI
NGOni
CUR
U€N
XO
V03 cac Rir^C xa TiQl Cljfi TlQTfiK ii B0RQ A
(1945-1985)
QUA NGUON
Sir
LIEU LIEN
XO/NGA
TS.
Nguyen Thi Hong Van
Vi
thi qude
tl
cua Lien Xd sau Chiln
tranh
thi
gidi
thii
Hai dugc cimg
cd

nguyen ma dien ra vdi su can thiep tir ben
ngoai, dudi anh hudng cua
nhumg
hoan canh
chinh tri khac nhau, noi ma cac luc lugng
dii diu
(Lien Xd va My) cd quan diem
dii
lap vdi nhau. Cac qude gia
d
khu vuc Ddng
A ciing khdng
nim
ngoai qui luat nay.
Thuat ngu "Chiln tranh Lanh" dugc
gidi bao chi phuong Tay
su
dung tir
nam
1946
nhim
diln ta mdt bdi canh
quIc
tl cue
\ ~ ~
I
Z .
X ^-rw luioiii uiwii ici iiiv n
1
Q^.

1'
•-
x/r-
A
T
:s«
YA
trnno
a\a\
rfnnn
9;
CoeemcKaH eueuiuHH
nojiumuKa
e
eodbi
"xonodHoi
bi?t
la
giua
My va
Lien
Xo, trong
giai
doan
^^^^^,.
(1945.1985).
Hoeoenpoumeuue.
M.,
1995.
C.

H
ap.
Vien Sir hoc
the gidi phd bien quan niem cho
ring:
Chiln
tranh Lanh
la
cude doi
diu
khong khoan
nhugng giiia My va cac nude
ding
minh
ciia
hg vdi cac nude XHCN diing
diu
la
Lien
Xd'.
CJ
khu vuc Ddng A, cuoc Chien tranh
Lanh chang may choc da bien thanh chiln
tranh "nong": do la cude noi chien
d
Trung
QuIc (1945-1949), chiln tranh Triiu Tien
(1950-1953) va cude chien tranh chong Phap
d cac nude Ddng Duong (1946-1954). Sau
dd, cac cude xung dot vii trang nay khong

ngoai cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac nude xa hgi
chu nghTa d Ddng A cho den
nam
1985,
thong qua cac ngudn sir lieu cua Lien
X6/Nga trong thdi gian gan day.
1.
Quan he cua Lien X6 doi vdi Mong
Co
Trong sudt thdi gian dai, quan he giiia
Lien Xd va Mdng Cd ludn ludn gan giii va
mat
thiet^.
Sau cude chinh bien
nam
1921,
tai
Mdng Cd da tuyen bd thanh lap
nude
CHND
Mdng Cd - mgt qude gia chiu anh hudng sau
sac
cua Lien
bemg
Xd viet. Su lac hau cd
huu, vi tri dia ly lien ke, xu hudng banh
trudng eua nha cam quyin Trung Qude va
Nhat Ban la nhiing nhan td quan trgng tac
ddng
din

B.,
CoHHHxaMHp
H.
UepecmpoHKa
e
cocedneH
cmpaue:
ontim.
npodjieMbi,
nepcneKmueti
//
Aswi
u
A^puKa
ceaodHH.
2000.
J^s
12.
C. 10-12;
H
ap.
bd phan phu thudc, ngudi "em lit" ludn bilt
nghe loi ciia Lien Xd. Tham
chi
neu khdng
cd
sir
chi dao va cho phep cua cac nha lanh
dao Xd viet, chinh quyen Mdng Cd khong
thdng qua

nude
Cdng hda cita
minh,
ngodi ra cd mgt sd y
kien,
trong
do cd
cd
tic
phia Mdng Cd, ddt vdn de sap nhdp
Mdng Cd vao Lien
bangXd
vie^".
Quan he cang thang giura Lien Xd va
Trung Quoc vao cudi nhiing
nam
50 dau
nhiing
nam
60 cua the ky XX da lam cho
quan he Lien Xd - Mdng Cd them khang
kbit. Nam
1964,
quan dgi Xd vilt da cd mat
tai Mdng Cd, danh dau viec hoan
tit
lien
minh Xd-M6ng
ehdng
Trung Quoc. Thang

trung
doan quan ddi Xd
vilt^.
Hien trang tren khdng thay ddi cho
din
nam
1985.
Cimg vdi qua trinh cai tl d Lien
Xd, cac nha lanh dao Mdng Cd
bit diu
lo
ngai va td ra
liing
tiing. Hg da thi hanh mgt
sl bien phap nham ngan chan anh hudng eua
cai td, kim ham
sir
lay lan cac boat ddng
tuong tu sang lanh thd cua
minh^.
2.
Quan
hf
Lien
Xd
- Trung Quoc
Khac vdi Mdng Cd, Trung Qude - mgt
trung tam va thanh tri khac cua chu nghTa xa
hgi d Ddng A, khdng phai la mgt
ding

Teo-
udeojioautecKoa
napaduzMa.
C. 55, 70, 75-76;
BacHJibeB
JI. C.
HcmopuH
BocmoKO.
T. 2. C. 446-447
Hflp.
' IIoflpoSHO
o6
3T0M
CM.:
Ba)KaHOB
E. IT. CCCP u
AjuamcKO-muxooKeaHCKuH
pezuon.
C. 34;
MoKflyHapoflHwii
eaceroflHHK.
1988. C. 95;
CoKOJiHHCKHfi
B.,
CoHHHTaMHp
H.
UepecmpoiiKa
e
cocedheH
cmpane:

sir
bat hgp tac giiia hai Dang Cgng san
Lien Xd va Trung
Qude^.
Nam 1969 xay ra
nhilu cude xung dot dii ddi tren bien gidi
Xd-Trung, trong dd
Idn
nhat la su kien tren
dao Damanxki. Quan he Trung-X6 trd nen
hit siic
cang thing. Ket thiic giai doan
"hum
nghi vT dai" giura Lien Xd va Trung QuIc.
Trung QuIc tir dd tudt khdi anh hudng cua
Lien Xd.
Sir
cang thing trong quan he vdi Trung
QuIc huge Lien Xd phai di tim nhiing diem
tua mdi cho viec thuc hien chiln luge
dii
ngoai d Ddng A. Trung tam "each mang"
'
CM.:
KaaanueB
K).
H.
MeotcdynapodHbie
omHOiueHUH
u

E.
11.
KumaH
u
euetuHUU
Mup. M., 1990. C. 34-35;
ropSaieB
M. C.
:aCH3Hi,
H
pe4>opMbi.
KH.
2. C. 430;
JIH
LlaHHioe.
KumaUcKO-
poccuUcKue omHOtueHUR
u
aMepuKaHOcuu (paxmop
//
AsuH
u
A4>puKa
cezodhH.
2002.
Jfe
3. C. 47;
HHKHUieHKO
C.A.
<

de quan trgng trong thdi ky hau chien .
Quan he Xd-Trung dac biet cang thang
hon sau khi quan ddi Viet Nam tien vao
Campuchia
nam
1978.
Lien Xd ung hd Viet
Nam trong viec gay anh hudng d khu vuc
Ddng Duong, cd nghTa la ddi dau vdi Trung
Qude trong khu vuc nay . Trong khi dd, d
Ddng Nam A tdn tai mgt nhdm
nude
kien
quyet ehdng lai chinh sach can thiep ve quan
su cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia. Hon niia,
su cd mat cua quan ddi Lien Xd tai vinh
Cam Ranh ciing gay nen
sir
bat binh cho ca
My va Trung Qude, ciing nhu cac nude
ASEAN. Ket qua la vao dau nhiing
nam
80
da hinh thanh mgt lien minh bao gdm My,
Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, cac qude gia
ASEAN chong lai su hien dien cua quan dgi
Viet Nam (dugc
sir
hau thuan cua Lien Xd) d
campuchia.

-
nadeoKHbii
dpyz //
Aawi
u
AtppuKa
ceaodtm.
2002.
JV«
7. C. 34
H
ap.
CM.:
HoaHecHH
C.
H.
AKmyantHbie npodjicMbi
BocmoHHoao MndoKuman
//
BocmoK.
1999.
Jfe
J. C.
168;
Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988;
rDiemaKOB
K.
Teo-
udeojioauHecKan
napaduaMa. C. 84;

viec tiep tuc cdc cuoc ddi thogi
Trung-Xd Id
dieu vd
nghia"^^.
Nhumg
diu
hieu tich
cue
dau tien trong
quan he Xd-Trung chi xuat hien vao mua
xuan
nam
1982, sau khi Tdng Bi thu L. I.
Bregiomhep cdng nhan tai Tasken,
ring
Trung
Qude
la nude XHCN va tuyen bo
rang.
Lien Xd khdng theo dudi muc dich
xam
luge,
khdng cd tranh chap gi ve lanh tho
vdi Trung
Qude.
Quan diem cua Trung Quoc
dugc trinh bay cu the tai Dai hdi Dang lan
thii
XII (thang
11 nam

R
BbemHOM:
anpenb 1975 zoda // Bonpocu ucmopuu.
2000.
Ks
4/5.
C. 83.
MM
i^UA
qjuA
91
1) Loai bd luan dilm cho
ring
"ngudn
gdc nguy hilm co ban cua cude chiln tranh
thi
gidi mdi la Lien Xd";
2) Loai bd
sir
dn thilt thanh lap "mat
tran quoc tl thing nhat" (bao gdm ca My)
nhim
ehdng lai "chu nghTa ba quyin Xd
vilt"
12
Sir
kien M. X. Gorbachdp dugc
blu
lam
Ting

Quan he Lien X6 -
BIC
Trieu Tien
Sau Chiln tranh
thi
gidi
thii
Hai, Trieu
Tien va cac nude Ddng Duong, gilng nhu
Trung Qude,
nim
trong khu vuc chien
sir.
Triiu Tien ngay lap
tiic
trd thanh vat hy sinh
cua
sir dii diu
Xd-My. Cac
quIc
gia thing
tran, sau khi giai phdng ban dao Trieu Tien
khoi ach xam luge Nhat Ban, da thda thuan
thanh lap d dd mgt Nha
nude
dgc lap va tu
chu'^
Nhung sau dd, tren ban dao Triiu Tien
'npasfla.
1982.

bing
vii luc. Nhumg cude xung dot
vii trang xay ra lien tuc tren
vT tuyIn
38*'*
da
bien thanh cude chien tranh ae Uet
(1950-
1953).
Hai Nha
nude
cua cimg mgt dan tgc
chiln
diu
ehdng lai nhau. Thuc
chit,
cuoc
chien tranh Trieu Tien la cude cude chiln
tranh khong tuyen bd giiia Lien X6 va My
(dudi chieu bai Lien hgp
quoc'^),
keo theo
sir
tham chiln cua hang chuc
quIc
gia, trong
dd cd Trung Qude va Nhat Ban. Cude chiln
tranh Trieu Tien dan den su thay ddi quan
trgng vl
dia

MmubCKue udbi
K Ceeepy u
lOay
om 38
napajuienu
//
Asusi uAtppuKa
ceaodrm.
2000.
N«
10. C.
20-21
Hflp.
''*
Day
li
gidi
tuySn gitta
hai
vfing
kiem
sodt
cua My
\h
Lien X6 sau khi
tiSp
nhan
s\r
diu
h^ng

hpp
(Dodn
d^ii
bieu
Lien
X6 tay chay, kh6ng tham
d\f
tir mfia xudn
ndm
1950 vl d6i thay
d?i di?n
cua Trung Qu6c vdo
ghe cua Ddi Loan
6
ca quan ndy)
thSng
qua nghi
quyet cho
ph^p
cdc don
vi
qudn
d^i
My
dugc mang
t€n
qudn
dgi
Lien hgp
quIc,

nam
50 cua
thi
ky XX ngay cang trd
nen mat thilt hon. Lien Xd tieh cue iing hd
quan diem eua
Bac
Trieu Tien trong viec
binh dn cude xung dot tren ban dao. Su giiip
do ve kinh te, quan
sir
cua Lien Xd cho
Bac
Trieu Tien dugc tang manh sau
nam
1961
sau khi Lien Xd va Bae Trieu Tien ky ket
Hiep udc hitu
nghi,
hgp tdc vd tuang trg lan
nhau. Hiep udc nay dugc ky ket nham ddi
phd vdi Nam Trieu Tien va My. Theo Hiep
udc
nay.
Lien Xd cd nghTa vu giiip do Bac
Trieu Tien trong trudng hgp
BIC
Triiu Tien
bi
nude thii

eoliHbt.
M.,
2003.
C. 261;
Mcmopun
Kopeu. T. II. M.,
1974.
C.
249
Hflp.
"
CM.:
BaHHH
K).
B. CCCP u
Kopesi.
M., 1988. C.
296;
Mcmopux MeoKdynapodubix omHomeHuu
u
eneuiHeu nojiumuKU
CCCP. T. 3. C. 223-224;
CoepeMBHHbie Meo/cdynapodHbie
omHotueutoi.
C. 343.
uTtg
mgi yeu cdu cua Binh Nhuang ve
vii
khi
vd vien trg kinh te

hiit
vao
cude
tranh gianh anh hudng tai
Viet Nam - ciing cd nghTa la d tren ca Dong
Duong. Ddi vdi Lien Xd, gianh dugc Viet
Nam
tiic
la chiem dugc tien don dia chinh
tri quan trgng d Ddng Nam A. Muc tieu ciia
Trung
Qude
ciing tuomg tu nhu vay. Vi the
Ddng Duong trd thanh noi tam diem hgi tu
quyin lgi ciia ca 3 cudng qude: Lien X6,
Trung
Qude
va
My''.
Chi
do miln Nam Viet
Nam nhan dugc su ung hd manh me cua My
vl vat
chit
cimg ddi quan himg hau gdm hon
nua trieu ngudi. Cdn mien
BIC
Viet Nam -
Lien Xd va Trung
Qude

93
Sau khi chiln tranh Viet Nam xay
ra.
Lien Xd trd thanh ngudn cung dp chu ylu
vi?n
trg kinh tl va quan
sir
cho cac luc lugng
yeu nude d Viet Nam. Dang Cdng san,
Chinh phu va nhan dan Lien Xd da giiip dd
mgt each tich
cue
va cd hieu qua cho Viet
Nam trong cuoc chien tranh chong My va
chinh quyin Sai Gdn (1964-1975). Theo
thdng ke cua mgt tac gia ngudi Nga, tir
nam
1966 den
nam
1972, trung binh hang
nam
Lien Xd vien trg cho Viet Nam khoang 700-
800 trieu USD, 70% vu khi cac loai, mgt so
lugng
Idn
xang dau, thudc men, luong thue
va nhieu hang hda
khae^°.
Trong nhiing
nam

ngudi^^.
Nhd su giiip do nhiet tinh ciia Lien Xd
va cac
nude
XHCN khac,
nam
1975 Viet
Nam da gianh dugc thang lgi quan trgng -
giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam. That bai
cua My trong chien tranh d Ddng Duomg,
Viet Nam thdng nhat va viec cac the luc mdi
len nam quyen d Lao va Campuchia dat ra
trudc Lien Xd mgt nhiem vu mdi bao dam
ngay cang nhieu vien trg vat chat va iing hd
ve ehinh tri cho cac qude gia Ddng Duong .
Sau khi tuyen bd thanh lap
nude
Cgng
hda XHCN Viet Nam
nam
1976, quan
hd
ve
mgi mat ciia Lien Xd va Viet Nam dugc
nang len tam cao mdi ve chat. Ngay
3-11-
1978,
Lien Xd va Viet Nam ky
kit
Hiep udc

(1950-1980).
floKyMCHTbi
H
MaxepHajiw.
M., 1982. C. 120-122, 156, 186-187, 212-213, 262-
266,325-326,351-354.
^'
Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viit vd chien tranh
Vi?t
Nam.
Tr.
16-17,
26. 34-35;
KOMOB
B.
Kpacnaa
3Be3fla.
2002.25
Max. <redstar.ru>.
^
CM.
cafir:

^
CM.:
BejiOKOHb
K>.
CCCP u
HndoKumaUcKue
aocydapcmea:

sir
nay hau nhu can bang
vdi
su
CO
mat cua quan ddi My d Philippin.
Tai Cam Ranh, quan ddi Lien Xd ed
khoang 20-30 tau chien, 1 hang khdng mau
ham va mgt sd tau ngam vdi khoang 7.000
thuy thu. Sau
nay.
Lien Xd va Viet Nam da
ky
van
ban ve xay
dimg
mgt sd cdng trinh
khdng hoan lai cho phia Viet Nam. Ket qua
la Cam Ranh trd thanh
can cii
quan
sir Idn
nhat (so vdi nhiing
can cii
quan
sir
cimg loai
cua My) cua Lien Xd d nude ngoai.
Sau khi mien Nam Viet Nam hoan toan
giai phdng, quan ddi cua Pdn Pdt d

tiic
ung hg Viet Nam vl
chinh tri va vien trg vu khi. Trung Qude, cac
quIe
gia ASEAN va nhilu
nude
khac tren
thi
gidi cuong quylt phan ddi va len an viec
Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia. Su kien
d campuchia lam cho mau thuan giiia Lien
Xd va Viet Nam vdi da sl cac quoc gia d
khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong ngay
cang
them'
sau
slc^^v
Cac luc lugng vii trang
cua phe ddi
lapii4n naiiiDtrong
cac trai ti nan
cua ngudi campuchia
tirSn'^ianh
thd Thai Lan
dugc cung
c^
vii khi tir My va Trung QuIc.
Cudc xung dot khu vuc lien quan den
vin
dl

CCCP u
Aauamaco-
muxooKeaHCKuH
peauoH.
M., C.35;
IIpaBfla.
1987. 18.
OKxaSpa;
HcaeB
M.
11.,
Wepubituee
A. C.
Hcmopux
coeemcKO-eb&nHOMtiKux
omHoiueHUu:
1917-1985.
M.,
1986.
C.166;
Hcaes
M.
11.
BueuiHim
nonumuKa
cmpoH
HhdoKumaH.
M., 1989. C. 128-129, 167-168;
CyjiHUKaa
T.

pea.
O.T.'
Tapa«»Ba)«M.:
1988.
C. 101-102;
CyjiHUKaa
T.
VI.
CmpaHbi
ACEAH
u
MCJicdyHapodHbie omHouieHun
e
-JOzo-eocmoHHoi
/43MM.C.
104-106
Hflp.
e,
.u.;
'
^' HoBaKOBa
O.
B.,
User^
W
K).
Mcmopta
BbemnoMa.
MacTb
2. C.259.

Phien hop bat
thirdrig
bua Bd Chinh tri
Bain Chap
hanli
Trung uong Dang Cgng san
Lien
Xo'da quyef dinh'cir
dai dien dac biet
WlWfelc'^irih
ctitfg'
vdi'toi WSu
thu cua Lien
^§.'Trong
khi
qu&n'dgi Tiung
QuIc giao
^ffiih
vdi cac
lire lugrfgtian
quan tu ve cac
'iialhSbTIH'gi'di
phlaB'lc',
rrigt sl don
vi
quan
'(^i'filh^Xfl
viing
Zabaikal
da tl chiic diln

Iiroc
cua Viet Nam ciing nhu
tich
cue
ung hg cac che do cdng san d cac quoc gia
Dong Duomg, van de Campuchia cang trd
nen nghiem trgng. Trong hang thap ky
lien.
Lien Xd iing hd vd dieu kien
sir
cd mat cua
quan dgi Viet Nam d Campuchia, con da so
cac nude tren the gidi doi Viet Nam nit quan
ra khoi Campuchia. Tir do, co the thay rang
viec giai quyet van de Campuchia phan
nhieu anh hudng den chinh sach doi ngoai
cua Lien Xd d Dong A, den moi quan he cua
Lien Xd doi vdi Trung Quoc cung nhu vdi
cac quoc gia
ASEAN^^.
Vao nhirng nam 80
ciia
the ky XX,
trong con mat cua cac qude gia Dong Nam
A, Viet Nam la mgt mli de dga hoan toan
nguy hiem va thuc te. Thic nhdt, dat
nude
nay co tiem luc quan
sir
rat

0., HepHbimeB
A. C.
WMo^ii^
lQ^eeikif}de^mfidj^^idO
iilhHoweHuii:
1917-1985.
C.182;
CoeemcKufi
Com3
BpemhaM:
30
Jiem omHomeuuH r7950-/P5«>/.'.«.=
'^34V^^-25;-526-527;
529;
530-532.
^'CM.: Ea>KaHOB
E.
U.
KumaU
u
eHewHuH
Mup.
C. 84-
85;

06 18 13 3158.html
^'
06
3T0M
HHUiyx:

u
MeoKdyuapodhbie omnouieHUH
e
lOao-eocmoiHoU
y^sMM.C.
61-62; 98-101
nap.
96
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°07 (130).2011
Viet Nam, tham
chi mgt sd
nude
than
My
(Thai Lan, Philippin)
cdn
true tilp tham
gia
vao cudc chien tranh nay chong
lai
nhan dan
Viet Nam. Ngoai
ra,
ASEAN ciing
la
ngudi
khdi xudng phong trao quoc

va dau
tranh nham
giai quyet
van de
Campuchia tren
co sd nit
toan
bg
quan
ddi
nude
ngoai
va
tien hanh
tdng tuyen
cii
tu
do.
Vi van de
Campuchia
ma mau
thuIn
giiia Lien
Xd va
Trung
Qude
bi
trim
trgng them. Nhu vay, Trung
Qude

thanh
ddi dau nhau. Vac nhiing
nam
80,
xuit
hien
nhiing
dau
hieu
tdt
lanh trong quan
he
giiia
hai
nude.
Song, nhumg dieu kien
ma
phia
Trung
Qude
dua
ra
cho viec binh thudng hda
quan
he
Trung-Xd
la
phai thuc hien "3 dieu
can
trd": 1) Rut

chinh
tri
ludn ludn
ung hd
Lien Xd. Nhung
tiem luc quan
su
va kinh te cua hg
bi
ban che
va vi the, quan
he
ciia Lien Xd vdi cac
nude
nay
da
ngdn
di cua
Lien
Xd mgt
lugng
Idn
vat chat
va
tien
ciia.
Cac
vin
de ddi
ngoai,

nhumg thay
ddi can
ban trong
chinh
sach
doi
ngoai cua minh.
Vi
vay,
sau khi len nam
quyen
vao
nam
1985,
ban lanh dao
mdi
ciia Lien Xd, diing dau
la
M.
X.
Gorbachdp,
da de ra
nhiem
vu: Dat
dugc
sir
thay
ddi
mang tinh
bude