46
NII^IH
BINH
UCH Sir KHANG CHIEN
CHONG MY
CLTU NIJCJC
BO CHI HUY QUAN
SI/TINH
NINH
BINH
-•
994

(i 311,.&
NINH BINH
LP
SUT KHANG CHIEN
CHONG MY
, CL/U Nu'dc
1.9!
f
<:'•••
-
w^
(So thao)
Bp
CHI HUY
QUAN
Sir
TINH NINH
BINH

huy
trudng
Thuang ta
HOANG
LUpNG
-
Chl
huy phd chinh td
Thugng tii
NGO
XUAN THiiN
- Chi
huy
pho,
T.M.
T
Dai
ta
TRAN
HONG
LliN
-
Chi huy
pho
quan
su
Thugng
ti
LUONG VAN THAI
-

chiih
thdng, Ddng uy vd
B6 chi
huy qudn
sU
tinh Ninh
Binh
dd khdn truang to
chiic,
chi dgo nghien
ciiu
bien soan lich
sic
hai
cuoc khdng chien chong thuc ddn Phdp vd
dequoc
My
ciia qu&n
vd ddn Ninh
Binh.
Den nay, cuon" Ninh
Binh
- lich sic khdng
chi4n
chdng My
ciiu
nudc 1954-1975" dd hodn thdnh vd ra mdt bgn dgc vdo dung
dip ky
ni6m 50
nam ngdy

Tinh
u.y,
Hdi ddng nhdn
dd.n,
l)y
ban nhdn ddn
tinh,
Ban Tuyen gido Tinh uy, phong khoa hoc-cong
nghS
qudn
su qudn khu
Ba;
cdc ddng
chi
cdn bd cdch mgng lao thdnh, cdc
ddng
chi
lanh dgo,
chi
huy cua Bg chi huy qudn su
tinh
qua cdc
thdi ky, cdc tudng
linh,
cdc nhd khoa hgc ciing cdn bd, chiin sy,
vd nhdn ddn dd
true tiip
chiin ddu tren
qui
huang Ninh

80
CHi HUY QUAN
SU
TINH NINH BINH

•c
CQ
.t5
0

CHUONG MOT
HOA BINH
LAP LAI, XAY
DUNG
VX
CUNG
CO QUE
HUONG
VE MOI MAT,
SAN SANG BUOC VAO CUOC CHIEN DAU
MOI
(7-1954-2-1965)
Khoi phuc va phat trien
kinh
te
di doi voi xay diing,
cung
c6
nen qudc phong
toan dan va cac luc luong vu

da hat
cang Phap, dung
len
chinh quyen
bii
nhin Ngd
Dinh Diem,
ra
siic
pha
hoai hiep dinh
Gio-ne-vo,
am
mUu chia
cat
lau
dai dat
nude
ta;
bien mien
Nam
Viet
Nam
thanh thudc
7
dia va can
oil
quan
svf
cua My

each
mang mdi, thang 7 nam
1954,
hdi nghi
Ban chap hanh Trung uong Ding
Ikn
thii 6 (khda II) da xac dinh
nhilm
vu va cdng tac
trUdc
mat
ciia
toan
DAng
va toan dan ta
la:
1.
Tranh thU vd cdng cd hoa
binh,
thuc hiin thdng
nhdt, hodn thdnh dgc
l&p,
ddn
chii
trong todn qudc.
2.
Tang cUdng
life
lugng
qu&n

nhi^m
vu cdng
tac cu the
6
dia phuong la : Thdng nhdt tu tuang, dodn kit todn
Ddng, todn d&n vd toan qu&n di thuc hiin nhiim uu mdi, ph&
mgi &m muu mdi cda
dich;
tiip tuc hodn thdnh viic tiip thu
viing mdi gidi phdng, 6n dinh tinh thdn ud sinh hogt cho nhdn
d&n,
x&y
dung luc lugng uu trang nh&n d&n
d\a
phuang; phat
triin sdn xu&t viing tu do cu, phuc hdi sdn xudt viing mdi gidi
(DLdiHd Chii rich
khai mac
H^i
nghi chinh
tg dSc biitnghy 27-3-1964
tai thu d6
Ha
N0i
(2)
Sach
da din
trit
v'a
52

phuong da
dUOc
giai quyet. Tiep
quan
viing mdi giai phdng, nhat
la thi tran Phat Diem - nOi tap trung dong ddng bao theo dao
Thien chua, noi "tu tri" lau
ngay
(trong khang chien)
ciia
bon
phan dpng
dpi
lot tdn giao,
dUpc
tien hanh nhanh chdng, kip
thcii.
Can bp, bp dpi, cong an dupc
cfl
ve co sd tuyen truyen, giai thich
va van dpng
cac
tang ldp nhan dan thuc hien 8 chinh sach
ciia
Dang va Chinh phu doi v6i viing mdi giai phdng. Dong thdi, bp
dpi,
dan quan du
kich,
cong an bo tri canh gac, gifl
^n

ciia
giao hdi Thidn chua (nhat la
6
Phat Diem
va
Phiic Nhac),
cac
cdng sd
ciia
chinh quyen thUc dan (nhU nha may dien Phat Diem,
khu quan sU Tri Chinh, trUdng tieu
hpe
xa Luu Phuong, trudng
Tr&n
Luc
ciia
tda giam muc Phat Diem ) deu dupc
bao
ve chu
9
dao.
Viec tu do tin ngudng
ciia
nhan dan duoc
dam
bao, giao dan
van
di
Id
binh thudng.

san
xuat
ciia
nhan dan ta sau
giai
phdng gap
rat
nhieu khd khan gian khd.
ThUc
hien
chii
truong "ddy manh khoi phuc kinh te, hdn gdn
vet thuong chiin tranh"
ciia Dang
va Chinh
phii,
Tinh
iiy
da td
chflc cho
can
bp, quan
va
dan trong tinh hoc tap chinh sach
san
xuat nong nghiep
va
tren cd cd dd, phat dpng phong trao doan
ket, tUdng trd nhau khai hoang phuc hda, day manh
san

giao vung
mdl
giai phdng
cung nhu vung tu do (cu) hang hai thi dua khai hoang, phuc hda,
10
doan ket tUdng trp nhau phuc hdi
san
xuat. Chinh quyen tinh,
huyen cung ho trp cho nong dan vay vdn de mua sam ndng cu,
trau bd. Dd dd, den thang 9 nam 1954, 90% sd rudng hoang hda
trong tinh da dupe khoi phue. Phong trao thi dua
san
xuat dUdc
day manh.
Trong luc quan va dan ta dang nao
nflc
thUc hien eac
chii
truong, chinh sach mdi
ciia
Dang nham khac phuc hau
qua
chien
tranh, phuc hdi
san
xuat, dn dinh ddi sdng tinh than
va
vat chat,
thi de qudc My
va

Thien chua hang chuc trieu dd la eiing
41
tau chien
ciia
ham dpi 7 de "bdc dan di eu", ehung cdn cho
cac
nhan vien quan
su My d mien Nam Viet Nam do ten trung ta G.Len-den
(Landslale) chi huy true tiep tien hanh chien tranh tam ly, xui
due dbng bao ta rdi bd xfl sd di eU
vao
Nam.
Sfl
dung
eac
hang
giao pham trong giao hdi Thien chua (linh muc, chanh truong,
trum trudng cd quan he mat thiet vdi Phap-My va
cac
td chflc
cdng giao nhu dao binh Dfle Me, dao binh Xanh, hiep hpi chien
sy Dflc Me lam cdng eu dpa dim, du do, mua chudc,
xiii
giuc
va
cUdng ep ddng bao cdng giao di eU. My-Diem
Ipi
dung tinh nhe
11
da

di lan vao tflng doan de giam sat, neu ai co y quay trd lai thi lap
tflc
bi
uy hiep, khung
bd,
ddng thdi de ddi phd vdi ta khi can thiet.
De bdc gpn ddng bao ta ra Hai Phdng chd ngay xudng tau
vao
Nam, bpn phan dpng tay sai My-Diem da lap trai tap trung tai
Phat Diem (1). Dem dem, chung eho nhieu ten cdn dd deo mat
na
den eac
khu trong trai de de dpa, uy hiep,
lam
cho ddng bao
khiep sd khdng dam trd ve. Den cudi thang
11
nam 1954, sd dan
bi chung
cuang
ep den day len tdi 10.027 ngUdi. Trai tap trung,
Phat Diem, dbng bao phai chiu
canh "man
trdi chieu dat", ddi
khd, nhue nha, cd ngudi phai ban eon de ed tien an, ed ngudi vi
uat fle phai tU sat (d Khanh Trung
-
Yen Khanh), tren dudng ve
trai tap trung Phat Diem cd tdi 20 tre em dm chet dpc dudng. 0
trai tap trung do sdng chen chuc mat ve sinh nen dich benh phat

khuynh. Tfl khi ed ehi thi 91 cua Ban Bi thU Trung Udng Dang
(8-9-1954)
va
sU chi dao trUc tiep
ciia
Lien khu
iiy va
Uy ban
khang chien hanh chinh Lien khu III, tinh hinh chdng dich eUdng
ep di cU d Ninh Binh dupc trien khai manh me, deu khap, ed ddi
sach ro rang vdi tflng viing, tflng noi, tflng ddi tupng.
C?ae
ban
chi dao chdng dich cuang ep, du do dan di cu tfl tinh xudng cd sd
dupe nhanh chdng thanh lap va di
vao
hoat dpng. Hang ngan can
bd, bd dpi, cdng an, dan quan, du kich dUdc dieu ddng vao cac dpi
cdng tac vl tflng thdn, xdm ed ddng ddng bao cdng giao tuyen
truyen, giai thich ehinh sach
ciia
Dang va Chinh
phii,
vach ro
am
mUu, thu doan eua
ki
thu, van ddng ddng bao yen tam d lai qud
huong. Ddng thdi td chflc quan chung
each

phflc tap.
O
Kenh Ga (Gia Viin), chung da gay
sU
danh
can
bd ta
va 4ay
bd dpi xudng sdng.
O
Van Hai (Kim Son) chung
danh bd dpi
va
cUdp sung. 0 Phat Diem, ten cd Bi (1) eho chd
Bec-gie can can bd ta Chap hanh nghiem chinh chu trUdng,
chinh
sach ciia
Dang
va
sU chi dao cua
cac
cap
iiy,
chinh quyen
dia phuong, quan
va
dan ta vin kien nhin giao
due,
thuyet phuc
ddng bao bi cUdng ep ra di quay trd lai, va vach mat bpn tay sai,

phuong tien, gidng
vdn
de tiep tuc lao
ddng san
xuat, nhanh
chdng dua cuoc sd'ng trd lai binh thudng.
Ngay 4 thang 12 nam 1954, ta td chflc mdt cudc mit tinh ldn
tai thi tran Phat Diem. Hdn 15.000 ngUdi tham du cudc mit tinh
da ddng thanh len an de qudc My va be lu tay sai
cUdng
ep giao
dan di
eU,
pha hoai hiep dinh dinh chien. Cudc mit tinh da chuyen
thanh cudc bieu tinh, tuan hanh bieu duong
lUc Ifldng
chdng My
va
tay sai.
Ngay 25 thang
12
nam 1954, nhan dip ll No-en eua ddng bao
cdng giao, Tinh uy md hdi nghi ton giao
doan ket-yeu
nUdc chdng
My, 27 linh muc, thUpng tpa, chanh trUPng, trum trUdng, dai
(1) Cha
CO
ngudi nudc Bl
14

ludn
vao chinh quyen, cdng an,
dan quan du kich xa, xdm de pha tfl ben trong, tung tin that thiet
de gay tinh hinh trat tu xa hpi khdng yen dn,
laj'
cd cdng khai rao
lang, td chflc tuan tra canh gac, uy hiep can bp cd sd
ciia
ta. Hdn
the,
chung edn nem
lUu
dan
va
ban
vao
doanh trai bp dpi ddng
tai Van Hai.
Tinh hinh tren dat ra cho ta mdt yeu eau bflc thiet la phai gan
cudc dau tranh chdng dich du do,
cUSng
ep ddng bao di cU vao
Nam vdi viec dau tranh chdng bpn phan ddng npi dia de gifl gin
an ninh ehinh tri va trat tu xa hdi.
Trong vdng 3 thang (tfl thang 1 den thang
3-1955),
Tinh
iiy
da ehi dao cac cap uy
Dang

cudng ep di eu
va
pha rdi trat tU an ninh tren dia ban tinh. Hdn
2000 quan chung nhan dan 6 Phat Diem
va
vung phu can da tdi
du
va
td thai dp ddng tinh
iing
hd ddi vdi phien tda.
Tfl thang 2 den thang 6 nam
1955,
dap
flng yeu cau
ciia
tinh
hinh, nhiem vu mdi, Tinh uy can cfl
vao
dac diem cua dia
phUdng
da dieu ddng 120
can
bd quan, dan,
chinh.
Dang vl cac xa ed ddng
ddng bao theo dao Thien ehua d Kim Sdn
va
Yen Khanh de
xay

cUdng
ep,
du do ddng bao di cU
vao
Nam, chdng
am
mUu
va
hanh dpng
pha hoai cua bpn phan dpng ndi dia.
VI
quan
sU,
den thang 7 nam
1954,
lUe lUdng
du
ki'eh toan
tinh ed 6664 ngUdi, trong dd cd 130 can bd
xa
dpi, 952
can
bd
thdn dpi, trung binh moi xa cd tfl mpt trung dpi den mdt dai dpi.
Rieng vung tam chiem lau ngay Kim Sdn,
lijfe Iflpng
du kich
rsit
16
mdng (ed hdn 400 can bd, dpi vien) va chi mdi td chflc dupc d

ngay. Tinh den eudi nam 1955, sd can bd, dpi vien du
kich mdi bd sung, phat trien trong
ca
tinh len tdi 4198 ngUdi,
gdm 102 can bd
xa
dpi, 473 thdn dpi
va
3623 dpi vien, dua tdng
sd du kich eu va mdi len 8994 ngudi, tang 1,35 lan so vdi thang
*>>
'51^54.
Song chat lupng eua dpi ngu mdi phat trien chUa
dam
'
;,;.: b4oi;in vay
ve ehinh tri
.
0 nhieu ndi, nhat
la
vflng mdi giai phdng
"*' ^Xni
Sdn phat trien d at, khdng dung thu tue, nguyen tac, tieu
-
'
cBuan.
Xa Gia Hung (Gia Viln)
mdt
lue thanh loai khdi dpi ngu
;•'" 55 d»u

'T'U ^ Yj
nhiim vu cda dodn thi chinh tri ddi udi nhiim uu xdy dung du
kich.
Mat khdc khi
pfidt
triin du kich, chua dUa tren ca sd gidc
ngg cua qu&n chung mot
so
nai tu dong phdt triin khong qua
xit
duy
it cua
xd "
(1)
Di ddi vdi xay dUng, eung cd cd sd ehinh tri
, quan
sU,
tfl thang
7 nam
1955,
Ninh Binh md dpt phat ddng quan ehung dau tranh
pha
cac
td chuc vu trang bi mat
ciia
dich d cac xfl, hp thudc hai
xa
To Hieu
va
Van Hai. Luc lupng dupc huy ddng vao lam nhiem

co sd quan chung
trung kien tiep can cac ten phan ddng dau sd de nam tinh hinh.
Bang
each
dd, den eudi nam 1955, ta can ban pha dupc
cac
td
chflc vu trang
bi
mat
eiia
dich,
Idiam
pha
dung
eho bpn phan ddng
chon giau vu
klii,
tich thu 9 hdm dan nang 4 ta d nha xfl Van Hai
va
hdn
1000
vien dan tieu lien d nha ten Nguyen (xa Van Hai).
Bpn dau sd phan ddng Idi dung tdn giao bi vach mat. Hang chuc
ten tay sai dac
lUe ciia
ehung bi bat hoac bi dudi ra khdi dia ban.
Am muu cua kd thu chuan bi
lUc
lupng, vu khi chd thdi cd ndi

hai huyen Nho Quan
va
Gia Viln da ket thuc dpt 4
cai
each rudng
dat. Bat dau tfl thang
1-1956,
bdn huyen
:
Yen Khanh, Yen Md,
Kim Sdn
va
Gia Khanh phat ddng
cai each
rudng dat dpt 5. Den
cudi nam 1956, Ninh Binh da can
ban hoan
thanh
cai
each rudng
dat. Tinh ehung
ea
hai dpt
eai each
rupng dat, Ninh Binh da tich
thu, trUng thu, trUng mua 14.872 miu rudng cua dia
chii,
4440
miu rupng cdng dien
va

vi lam chu d ndng thdn da trd thanh hien thUe tren dia ban toan
tinh. Dd la thing Ipi to Idn,
toan
dien va ed y nghia
ehiln
lUpc,
Tuy nhien, cudc
eai
each rudng dat cung da pham nhflng thieu
sdt nghilm trpng nhU : xa rdi sU lanh dao eua cac cap
iiy
Dang
"Xfl tri sai mdt sd trUdng hpp ddi vdi
can
bp, dang vien, chien sy
da dupc ren luyen, thfl thach, cd cdng trong dau tranh each mang,
trong khi dd dpi ngu cdt
can
mdi ehUa du trinh
dp,
nang
luc,
phim
chat each mang dl' thuc hien nhiem vu tiep theo d dia
phUOng".
(/)
Tu nSm
I9S3.
Ninh
Binh

gia
cai each
rudng dat vfla thdng qua dd thUc hien them mdt bUdc
cung cd
va
phat trien dpi ngu. Sau hda binh lap lai edn nhieu
thdn, xdm khdng cd du kich (thudng gpi
la
thdn, xdm "trang")
nay mdi xdm it nhat cung ed 1 td 3 ngUdi, moi xa cd it nhit mdt
trung dpi du kich. Tdng sd
can
Iw,
dpi vien du kich trong tinh
phat trien trong cii
each
rudng dat
la
16.804 ngudi (ed 501
can
bd xa dpi, 2261
can
bd thdn dpi). Rieng huyen Kim Son trong
cii
each rupng dat da bd sung
91 can
bp xa dpi (cd 28 ngUdi theo dao
Thien chua), 394 xdm dpi,
1485
du kich.

vao
du kich va
ban
chat chinh tri
cua ddi tuong ket nap, mdi chi nhin
vao
sU tich cUc bl ngoai eua
ddi tupng, hoac thay hp
la
ngudi cd ngheo, cd khd song khdng
thay hp da thoai hda, bien chat vl ehinh
tri-
Mdt thieu sdt nfla
la : Viec chan chinh, cung ed luc lupng du
kich
d eP sd trong
eai
each rupng dat da xfl tri sai mot sd can bd xa dpi, thdn dpi
va
dpi
vien du kich.
Tuy nhien, nhflng sai lam eua
cai
each rupng dat da dUdc
Trung Udng Dang va Hd Chu tich sdm phat hien, chi dao sfla
chfla kip
thdi.
Dang bp
Ninh Binh can cfl vao su chi dao eua Trung
20

san
xuat
trong ndng dan phat trien soi ndi, rdng khap. Su nghiep giao due
dupe phuc hdi va phat trien d
ca
3 nganh hoc : bd tuc, van hda,
phd thdng
va v8
long. Den thang 12-1956 toan tinh cd 26.278
ngUdi dupc thanh toan nan mu chfl (dat 82,5% ke hoach) ; xa
Lien Sdn (Gia Viln) va thi tran Phat Diem (Kim Sdn) dupc
thudng Huan
ehUdng lao
ddng vl thanh tich hoan thanh tdt ke
hoach xda nan mu chfl.
Theo chu trUdng eua Dang va Hd Chu tich : Dua
miin
Bic
tien nhanh, tien manh, tien vflng chac len chu nghia xa hdi de
tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cuoc dau tranh giai phdng mien Nam,
thdng nhit da't nUdc, nam
1958,
dangbd,
quan va dan Ninh Binh
thfle
hien cdng cudc
cai
tao
xa
hdi chu nghia