VAN
Qi LAO
DONG,
Viec
LAM
VA
QUAN
vf
DAT DAI TRONG
QUA
TRlNH
CONG
NGHlEP
H6A,
OO
THI
H6A
6 HA
NOI
HIEN
NAY
Hoang Xuan
Nghia*
Ha Noi Thu do cua ea nUdc, la diu
nao
chinh tri
hanh
chinh qude gia, trung tam
Idn
ve
van

va
tang trUdng kinh te nong
dang gay tac dong tieu cue tdi cac mat chinh
tri -
xa
hoi - do thi - moi trudng va gay ap
liic
Idn
len cong
tac
quan ly, dieu
hanh
vi mo ndi
chung; trong do,
lao
dong viec
lam va
cong
tac quy hoach, quan ly dat dai tren dia
ban
dang ndi len nhU la nhiing van de ndi com
cin phai quan tam giai quyet.
1.
Van de thu hoi dat va giai phong
mat bang
Trong giai doan trUdc khi md rong dia
gidi tii nam 2000-2008, Thanh pho
Ha
Noi
da thiic hien

viec
lam
cho khoang 18.000
ho^
Ban Do an
Quy hoach Thu do mdi hien dang ehd Thu
tudng phe duyet da de xuit quy dat do thi
tang tii 920
km^
Gan
diu) len 1.200
km^
(lin
dieu
chinh).
Nhu vay,
dii
kien trong vong 20
nam
tdi (2011-2030), dat cho do thi se tang
7 lin so vdi 1000 nam phat trien cua Thang
long Ha Noi (hien trang dien tich Ha Noi
la
180,5km^).
Neu thiic hien theo Ban Do an
Quy hoach
nay
thi tdi
nam
2030

CO
hdn 900 ha dit nong nghiep trong
liia
2 vu
(gin 2/3 dien tich thu hdi); so' lao dong mit
viec
lam
do chuyen ddi muc dich sii dung dit
*
Ho^ng
Xuan Nghia, Tien
si,
Vien nghien
cvtu
phat trien KT - XH Ha Noi.
1 So lieu cua Ban
chi
dao GPMB Thanh pho, HN, 2009.
SA'41 (6/2011)
QUAN LY KINH
TE
llli'llj] NGHIEN Clhl TRAO
DPI
VAN
D£
LAO
BONG.
viec
LAM VA QUAN
L?

dao
tao nghe
va
viec lam cho cac ho dan viing
chuyen ddi muc dich
sut
dung da't nong
nghiep, vdi 4 giai phap dUde dUa ra: thanh
lap quy ho trd, dn dinh ddi sohg, phd cap giao
due,
hoc nghe
va
tao viec
lam
cho eac ho dan
hi thu hdi tren 30% da't san xua't nong
nghiep. Tuy nhien tren thUc te nhiing ho trd
nay
chUa mang lai hieu qua nhU mong muo'n;
da
so'nong
dan than phien khong cd viec lam,
chi mot
so'
it dUde td ehUc hoc nghe, chuyen
ddi nghe.
Tao viec
lam va
dn dinh ddi song cho cac
ho dan bi thu hdi da't luon la va'n de nong,

Ha Noi tien hanh thu hdi dat
giai phong mat bang do'i vdi hang
chue
van
ho dan, trong do hang van ho phai
bd^
tri
tai dinh cU
va
chuyen doi nghe, nhUng
ciing cd hang van ho ehUa bo' tri dUdc viec
lam.
Dieu
nay
dang gay nhieu
biic xiie
ve
ddi sdhg, xa
hoi^
Co the ndi rang qua trinh CNH, DTH la
mot tat yeu khach quan, ben canh mat tich
cUe
thi ciing xua't hien cac tac dong tieu
ciic
can
dUde
tinh den va cd giai phap kip
thdi.
Ro
rang

hudng ndi rong ra. Mot vin de
Idn
dat ra
cho chinh sach cong nghiep hoa Viet Nam
va Ha
Noi thdi gian tdi, la
cang
di
vao
cong
nghiep hoa thi san xuat nong nghiep cang
bi thu hep va ngUdi nong dan cang bi tach
khoi ruong da't. Viec do thi hoa dit dai, cac
cong trinh xay diing, nha ciia
va lang
thon
cd the
dUde
thiie hien theo ke hoach, bing
cae bien phap hanh chinh. Tuy nhien qua
trinh nay ehi thuc
sii
thanh cong khi do thi
hoa dUdc ngUdi nong dan, do thi hoa
dUdc
lao dong nong thon ngay chinh tren viing
da't ho dang sinh sdhg;
tiic
la chuyen ddi
ho thanh mot cong dan do thi, lao dong phi

DPI
^jj^j
2.
Tinh trang nhieu
dii
an
cham
trien
khai hay thi cong keo dai gay lang phi
nguon
lijfc
Du an "treo"
la
tinh trang kha phd bien
va nan giai trong cong tie quan ly dit dai,
trat tu
xay
diing va phat trien do thi tai eac
thanh
phd
Idn.
Thanh
phd
Ha Noi dang tdn
tai nhiing
dii
an treo nhU:
dii
an ehd Cdhg Vi
(Ba Dinh) cao 6 tang vdi tdng dien tich

lai bo hoang hoa thanh bai tap ket vat lieu,
phe lieu, tu
di§m
ma
tiiy,
toi pham Dieu
nay
gay lang phi kinh te
va
anh hudng xau
tdi
xa
hoi moi trUdng, cuoe song
va
tam ly
biic xiic
cua ngUdi dan.
Theo Bo Tai nguyen
va
Moi trUdng,
nam
2007 chi tinh cac
dii an Idn
tai
Ha
Noi cd 29
du an "treo" vdi tdng dien tich
699
ha, gay
lang phi that thoat hang ngan ty ddng, diing

khieu kien khien mot so'
dii an
dang trien
khai buoc phai
drfng
lai thanh tra; c6 nguyen
nhan lien quan tdi thu tuc hanh chinh
phde
tap trong viec len phUdng an den bu, xac
nhan nguon gdc
sxi
dung dit; chon nha thau
thieu
nang liic
nen khong du dieu kien thUc
hien dU an trong thUc te;
luat
phap
va
che
tai,
thanh kiem tra, giam sat viec tuan thu
tien do dU an,
thUe
hien quy hoach phe duyet
chUa nghiem; cuoi ciing, khong the khong ke
tdi cd che giao da't
va
dinh gia thue dit ciia
chiing ta con de dai va bit cap nen bi lam

qua
la dang bao dong.
Ngay
13/12/2004 hang
tram ngUdi dan dia phUdng da tu tap tan
cong
lUe lUdng
bao ve
va
cac dai bieu tham dU
budi le khdi cong dU an san golf Van Tri
thuoc
xa
Kim Nd (Dong Anh). Tai dia
phUdng, cd van de thu hdi dit cho cac
dii an
qua
Idn.
Ngoai
dii
an
San
Golf,
con cd cac
dii
an
hd dieu hoa,
dii
an dUdng 5 keo dai
khien 1.000 ho trong tdng so' 2.500 ho dan

LAO
BONG,
VIEC LAM
VA
QUAN
Ly
BAT BAI TRONG
mit sinh ke. Nguyen nhan gay roi khong chi
do mot
so'
ngUdi qua khich, ma sau xa con do
ngUdi dan c6 ndi lo ling, bat dn ve cuoe sdhg,
cong
an
viec lam sau khi thu hdi dat GPMB.
Neu khong giai quyet thau dao tinh trang
nay
se gay kh6 khan thiic hien cae
dii
an
va
hau qua
xa
hoi khon
lUdng.
Ngoai ra, tren dia
ban
Thanh
pho'con
xay

va
giai phong mat bang. Tren dia
ban
chi tinh trong vong 5
nam
gin day,
thuoc tham quyen Thanh pho' da tiep nhan
va
giai quyet 1.106 vu viec khieu kien, to'
cao;
trong do c6 585 vu lien quan den dit
dai,
xay diing, giai phong mat bang (chiem
53%).
Cac quan, huyen tiep nhan 3.305 vu
lien quan den dit dai giai phong mat bing
(chiem khoang 70% tdng
so'ddn
thu). Mot sd
vu viec sai pham ve dat dai gay
bdc xiie
trong nhan
dan
da dUde xii ly theo quy dinh,
nhu du an mit giao thong Nga Tu Sd {xii ly
can bo cue thue quan Do'ng Da),
dii
an Quo'c
16 2 xa Minh Tri - Xuan Hoa, huyen Soc Sdn
{xii ly can bo Ban quan ly

chi phai truy t6' trach nhiem hinh sU trUdc
phap luat. Day la tdn that
Idn
nhat - tdn tha't
can bo
va
niem tin
vao
chinh quyen, ben
canh mit mit ve tien cua vat chat do lien
quan tdi thit thoat, tham nhiing dit dai.
4.
Cac han che bat cap trong
ctf
che,
chinh sach quan ly nha
nufdc
ve dat dai
Cd the coi day la nguyen nhan cua cac
nguyen nhan.
TUu
chung d cac diem sau:
Cong tdc quy hoach vd quan ly quy
hoach dat dai con rat yeu, thieu can
ci2
khoa
hoc
vd thitc
tien. Cd hien tUdng
lam

va
dia phUdng. Nhu thieu quy hoach ve cac
loai da't cho eac nhu cau phat trien cu the, vi
du, da't cho
ndng
nghiep va trong
liia,
trong
rutng,
cay dac san, nuoi trong thuy hai san,
dit d6 thi va KCN-KCX, tham ehi la cin
4 Hau giai phong
m&t
bang
ol Ha
Noi:
thUc
trang va giai phap. De tai trong dilm TP
nam
2010.
QUAN
Lf
KINH
T£
So
41 (6/2011)
VAN
Bt
LAO
BONG,

phUdng
cap da't
tiiy
tien,
CO
tinh trang so'
san
golf nhieu
hdn ca
sd ngUdi chdi
golf; ho lam nhU vay vi
Idi
tich
cue
bo,
nhUng
c6 hai cho
Idi
ich
qude
gia.
Duy
tri qua lau cd
che
hai gia
trong tinh
boi
thiidnggidi
phong
mat

diing kieu
"quan xanh quan do",
ma
thiic chat
la
"thdng
thiu''.
R6't
cuoe,
ehi nha diu tu
va
ngUdi
ra
quyet dinh giao
dat
dii an
dUde hudng
Idi,
con
ngUdi
dan
va
Nha
nUde
deu bi
thiet
hai,
nhieu trUdng
hdp thi tdn
thit

cao hdn
nhieu
lin,
tham
chi
hang chuc
hang
tram
lin,
lam
that thoat nguon
liic Idn va
cd ban
ciia
xa hoi, cd
tinh toan
la tdi 70 ty
USD*
Ngoai
ra, do
kbdng
tinh
du cae chi phi diu
vao
la dit dai nen cac du an
khdng
the
hach
toan, kinh doanh hieu
qua.

bi
khdi
to', xii ly vi hen
quan
tdi
tham
nhiing
dit dai.
Cong
tdc boi
thUdng
thu hoi dat
gidi
phong
mat
bang
vi the
ciing
gap
nhieu
kho
khan,
mau
thuan
nan
gidi.
Do
dinh
gia bdi
thudng

lanh
dao
ma van
chUa
hoan
thanh.
Dieu
nay
lai
gay
tdn
that
Idn
cho xa hoi, bdi
thdi gian
keo dai nen ehi chi
phat sinh
bi doi
len nhieu
lin,
e6ng trinh cham
dUa vao
khai
thac
de
phuc
vu dan
sinh
va
kinh

Ha Noi
Cling
ndi
tieng
c6
nhiing
con
dUdng
dat
nhit
hanh tinh: doan dUdng
tii 6 ehd
Diia
t6i
Trung
Tu
dii
kien
750 ty
ddng,
tUe
40
trieu
USD/km; doan dUdng Trin
Duy
HUng
Khuit
Duy
Tien - Nguyen Trai dU kien
1.300

do quy
hoach, quan
ly dit dai
chUa
tot
khien
gia ca
va
thi
trUdng
dit dai
bien dong manh
vdi
nhiing
eii
"so'c"
gia
chong
mat.
Thi
tri/dng
dat dai
d niCdc
ta,
nhat
la
tren
dia bdn Hd Noi,
hinh thanh
chUa

C6 the noi, gia dit
diu
cd
va
liing doan
la he qua doc
quyen
ciia
nhiing nhom
Idi
ich
va
mat
khac
la
do bu6ng
long quan
ly nha
nUde
ve dat dai. Gia dat
* Theo GS. Dang Hung Vo.
S6'41
(6/2011)
QUAN LY KINH TE
iliUiilj] NGHIEN Cim
TRAO DPI
VAN
Ql
LAO
BONG,

Day
la
dieu bit hdp ly; hay nhu cau ndi "Ha
Noi tac dit tie vang" Su diu cd liing doan
day gia qua cao ehi lam
Idi
cho mot so'ngudi
ed quyen
luc
dae biet vdi
thii
tai nguyen nay.
Trai lai, gay hau qua xa'u ve kinh te - xa hoi:
doanh nghiep
va
ngUdi dan deu gap kho
khan khi tiep can nguon
liie
dat dai, hoac
phai chip nhan ehi phi cao de thue mat
bang kinh doanh, tao diing nha d. Dieu nay
lai khien mdi trudng kinh doanh Thu do
kem hip din, siic canh tranh eua hang hoa
va doanh nghiep giam
siit,
gia tang chenh
lech dieu kien song
va
phan hoa giau ngheo.
5.

vd the che
ccf
bdn cua thi tri/dng
dat dai. Trong dd, cd td
chde san
giao dich,
cd quan tham dinh gia chuyen nghiep, edng
thong tin
liiu
trii ve nha dit vi
xay
dUng ehi
so'
gia BDS (gio'ng nhu ehi so gia vang,
dola,
chiing khoan). Tang cUdng quan ly nha nUdc
ddi
vdi thi trUdng da't dai,
lap
lai ky eUdng
va
trat tu, dUa thi trUdng nay di vao van
hanh dn dinh, lanh manh. Thiie hien nhat
quan ed che thi trudng trong phan bd nguon
lUc
dit dai phuc vu cho tang trudng
va
cai
thien ddi song nhan dan.
Thit hai, dam bao quyen sd

dung
dit dn dinh lau dai, dUdc chuyen nhUdng, gop
voh
va
den bii theo thi trUdng ciing vdi trach
nhiem tai chinh diy du.
ThvC
ba, hoan thien cong tdc quy hoach,
ke hoach
sic
dung dat dai. Quy hoach, ke
hoach
sii
dung da't dai phai theo nguyen tic
phan bd hdp ly va hieu qua nguon
liic
da't
dai cho eac nhu eiu diu tU
phit
trien
va d6i
sohg; nha nUdc lap quy hoach dat dai thohg
nha't cho ea nUdc,
ttoig
viing
va
dia phUdng,
dam bao duy tri quy da't dn dinh cho cac yeu
ciu ed ban nhu an ninh, quo'c phong, kinh
te,

BAT
BAI
TRONG
NGHIEN CtilU TRAO
BOI
^^[j]
phai tinh toan chi phi cd hoi va hieu qua
kinh te xa hoi diy dii khi ra quyet dinh
chuyen ddi, ban che tdi da liy dit nong
nghiep, nhat la dat
liia
cho muc dich cong
nghiep dich vu.
-
Thi2
tii,
dieu chinh md hinh cong nghiep
hoa, do thi hoa vd to'c do thu hoi ddt gidi
phong mat bdng cho phii hdp. Trong bdi
canh tai ed ca'u va chuyen ddi mo hinh tang
trudng hien nay, Thu do cin
dUde
thiic hien
mo hinh cong nghiep hoa, do thi boa ben
vQng
theo nguyen tic gin ket
hUu
cd giiia
cong nghiep boa, dd thi boa vdi giai quyet
ddng bo vin de "tam

cua Thu do Hd Noi trong hien tai vd
tUdng
laf.
Chi tren ed sd giai quyet tdt moi quan
he
nay,
nUdc Viet Nam, trong dd c6 Thu do
Ha
Noi Thu do cua quo'c gia nong nghiep
vdi hen
van
hien
va
van minh
liia
nUdc hang
ngan
nam tudi, mdi cd the canh tranh, phat
trien va trUdng tdn trong thdi dai toan cau
hoa
va
kinh te tri thiic./.
6 Hoang Xuan Nghia: Phat trien kinh te hang h6a Thang Long - Ha Noi, quy luat chung
va nhQng
bieu hien
dac
thii.
Hoi thao
Quoc
te Viet Nam hoc