THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITYSocialist Republic of Vietnam

Republic of the Philippines
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN
SELECTED COLLEGES AND ENTERPRISES IN VINHPHUC PROVINCE: BASES FOR
IMPROVING THE VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIPS
NGUYEN TIEN TUNG (TRUDY)

Thai Nguyen, 2014

II
APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in
Education al Management program, this research study entitled Management
practices on vocational training partnerships between selected Colleges and
Enterprises in Vinhphuc province: Bases for improving the vocational training
and industry relationships has been submitted by Nguyen Tien Tung (Trudy) and is
hereby recommended for oral examination.

PROF. Dr. WALBERTO A. MACARAAN
Research Adviser

Approved by the Oral Examination Committee, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management offered
by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with
Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

(NAME OF PROFESSOR)

(NAME OF PROFESSOR)
Date___________________

III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In grateful recognition and sincerest thanks for the encouragement, guidance
and unselfish sharing of their knowledge, time, effort and skills, and for the untiring
motivation that leads to the completion of this study, the Researcher acknowledges the
following:
DR. CECILIA N. GASCON, Ph.D., President of the Southern Luzon State
University in the Republic of the Philippines, for her untiring effort and belief that this
collaboration is possible thus enabling us to pursue the Ed.D degree;
DR. DANG XUAN BINH, Ph.D., Director of the International Training Center,
Thai Nguyen University of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, for his enormous
pursuit to provide the Vietnamese people an opportunity to grow through education;
DR. WALBERTO A. MACARAAN, Ed.D., his adviser, for guidance and
endless support for the improvement of this study.
ITC STAFF, for providing the necessary research materials;
ADMINISTRATIVE CHIEF AND STAFF, PRINCIPAL OF COLLEGES IN
VINHPHUC PROVINCE, ENTERPRISES MANAGMENTS my Respondents, for
their patience and cooperation in answering the questionnaire and for other data given;
MY FAMILY and FRIENDS, for the love and support in one way or the other;
and TO ALL who have contributed to make this study a success.
Nguyen Tien Tung (Trudy)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page
Page
Approval Sheet
II
Acknowledgment
III
Dedication
IV
Table of Contents
V
List of Figures
VIII
List of Table
Ĩ
Abstracts
XI
Chapter I. Introduction
1
Introduction
1
Background of the study
2

29

VI
Title page
Page
Research design
36
Population and sampling
36
Sampling design and techniques
36
Research instrument
37
Validation of the instrument
38
Data gathering procedure
38
Data processing method
39
Statistical treatment
40
Chapter IV. Results and discussions
41
Profile of respondents
41
Cooperation between Colleges and Enterprises in
vocational training in Vinhphuc
50
Assessment about quality of graduate students in Colleges
53

Page
Conclusions
82
Recommendations
85
Bibliography
87
Vietnamese documents
87
English documents
90
Appendix A: Questionaire Checklist
91
Curriculum Vitae
109

13
2.2
Colleges and Enterprises are independent units
model
17
2.3
College is a part of Enterprises model
18
2.4
Enterprises is a part of College model
20
2.5
Training Cooperation in parallel method
21
2.6
Training Cooperation in turn method
21
2.7
Training cooperation in succession method
21
2.8
The Schematic Presentation of independent
variables and dependent variables and the result of
research
27
3.1
Location of respondent Colleges in Vinhphuc
province
32
3.2


Tables

Title
Page
3.1
List of the Colleges in Vinhphuc
29
3.2
List of the respondent Enterprises
30
3.3
Ratting scale for respondent's perception
37
3.4
Type of data and methods of gatherning and
processing
40
4.1
Frequency Distribution Profile of Principal
and Management Staff as Indicated by Age,
Gender, and Education Attainment and Position
41
4.2
Frequency Distribution Profile of College as
Indicated by Year of Foundation, Number of
training course, Number of teacher, The number
of graduate student, The number of current student
43
4.3

integration mechanisms
55
4.9
Mean Distribution of Responses on the what
advantages that Colleges and students got from
56

X
Tables

Title
Page
the cooperation between Colleges and Enterprises
4.10
Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing
level of the which of the following factors
effected on the current cooperation between
Collegess and Enterprises
59
4.11
Mean Distribution of Responses on the level of
following management activities are
cooperated between Colleges and Enterprises
61
4.12.1
Significance differences in the perceived by the 2
groups of respondents (Colleges and Enterprises)
on the level of management activities of the
cooperation between Vinhphuc's Colleges and
Enterprises
XI
ABSTRACT

This dissertation with the title "MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF
VOCATIONAL TRAINING PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN SELECTED COLLEGES
AND ENTERPRISES IN VINHPHUC PROVINCE: BASES FOR IMPROVING THE
VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIPS". The study's

quality, of which through vocational training (VT). Hence, developing and raising VT
quality is an indispensable request, demand of the country for enhancing human
resource quality and raising competition capacity of the economy in general.
Throughout the times, as VT in Vietnam has been considered by both the
society and the Government in terms of financial investment and other resources, it
has accomplished encouraging achievements, step by step met the demand of labor
through VT for different economic sectors. As shown in followings:
Vietnam Government has built comprehensive and united law system on
vocational education (consisting of VT law and related legal documents), established
the practice-driven VT system at 3 official levels: primary level, secondary level and
College level.
Vocational education network is relatively properly expanded and allocated
among industries, localities, regions and areas. In 2011, nationwide there were 136 VT
Colleges, 308 secondary VT Colleges; 849 VT centers. and over 1.000 others
institutions (workshops, Enterprises etc.) taking part in VT.
The total number of enrolment in VT increases from 887.3 thousands in 2001 to
1.860 millions in 2011.
Significant investment has been made into developing favorable conditions for
VT, such as VT teachers (in 2010, there were about 35.000 VT teachers - increase 4
times compared with 2001); developing VT curricula, infrastructure, equipments for
VT institutions (VTI). Since 2008, VT accreditation and worker’s occupational skill
assessment has been implemented. The system of criteria, standards and procedure for
accreditation has been issued. About 70% graduates are employed or self-employ right
after graduation, this rate obtains over 90% in some occupations and in some VTIs 2
Resources for VT is diversified, where the national budget holds key role
(accounting for about 60%). National budget for VT increases yearly (4,9% and 9% of
total national budget for education and training respectively in 2001 and in 2010).

province’s education and training has been strengthened to meet the demand for
educated labor for socio-economic development and people’s educational demand.
Now, there are 4 universities and 7 Colleges in the Vinhphuc province.
Vinhphuc’s VT has developed recently both in the number of training places and the
number of trained people in Vinhphuc. However, almost VTI in Vinhphuc have rather
low training quality. A lot of graduated people don’t satisfy the job’s requirement.
Vinhphuc’s VT systems have helped to train workers for socio-economic
development, to enhance people’s living standard. Nevertheless, there are some
shortcomings of VT beside achievements, as follow: it is lack of infrastructure of
Colleges, classrooms, equipments for teaching and learning; teachers’ qualification is
at medium; VT system hasn’t met the demand of labor market of training levels and
training scale. VT is not really relevant to labor market.
Generally, according to employers’ evaluation after employing the students:
most of graduated students can’t start professional work at once; they themselves can’t
make studying plans to fulfill themselves in working; they have insufficient or even
they have not soft necessary skills for the assigned job. They have insufficient
knowledge of career standards, professional working requirements and easily
discouraged when facing difficulties, insufficient sense of learning.
Above fact shows that the VT in Colleges haven’t met the requirement of the
employers; Colleges haven’t related to society, training hasn’t attached with usage.
There are many reasons are different but I think one of the most important reasons is
insufficient relation between Colleges and Enterprises in training career. Proposed
Training Formation program mostly based on their ability but they don’t care
correlative demand curve of the Enterprises. This leads to unbalance supply-demand in
scale, structure and especially quality causing big waste and ineffective training. It can
be said that, attachment between training and usage, Colleges and society tend to
increase with transformation into market mechanism. Nevertheless, it is still
insufficient that training outputs haven’t met the socio-economic development, the
demand of employers. The reasons are varied, of which there the reasons rising from
the trainers, employers and society.

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1.3.4. Number of labor resource
2. Find out the models, methods and levels of cooperation between Colleges
and Enterprises in vocational training in Vinhphuc:
2.1. Model of cooperation
2.2. Method of cooperation
2.3. Level of cooperation
3. Assess about quality of graduate students from Colleges and positive
effectiveness and what advantages that Colleges and students got from the cooperation
between Colleges and Enterprises in training.
4. Evaluate the factors that affect the cooperation between Colleges and
Enterprises, in which factors may have done well and which factors need to be
improved.
5. Assess about management activities of the Colleges in Vinhphuc to enhance
cooperation between Colleges and Enterprises in training.
6. There is significance differences in the perceived about management
activities of the cooperation between Colleges and Enterprises.
7. Proposed formation measures to strengthen the cooperation between
Colleges in Vinhphuc and Enterprises in vocational training.
NULL HYPOTHESIS
There is no significance differences in the perceived by the 2 groups of
respondents (Colleges and Enterprises) about management activities of the cooperation
between Colleges and Enterprises.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study attempting to know the influence of management activities to
strengthen cooperation between Enterprises and selected Colleges in Vinhphuc which
would be beneficial to the following:
Colleges’ Administrators. It is hoped that the study may contribute in giving
some new management activities for Colleges’ administrators in strengthening


province to improve quality of VT quality. There were 168 people as invited
respondents in this study: 2 Deputy Director of Department of Labor - Invalids and

7
Social Affairs of Vinhphuc , 5 VT Management officials of Department of Labor -
Invalids and Social Affairs of Vinhphuc; 2 Deputy Director Department of Education
and Training of Vinhphuc, 5 Professional Training officials of Department of
Education and Training of Vinhphuc; 7 rectors of Colleges in Vinhphuc province, 7
Head of Training Departments of Colleges, 42 Head of Faculty in the Colleges; 20
Directors of Enterprises, 20 Head of Human Resource Departments of Enterprises.
The time frame of this study covered the period from February 2012 to August
2013.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the clarity and better understanding of the study, the following
terminologies are defined both operationally and conceptually.
Cooperation is together join, help each other in a certain work and field to gain
common goal.
Human resource indicates people who are and was supply of diversified social
labor force including the youth studying in general education bases, vocational
education bases and College-university. Only potential is mentioned when taking
about human resource; then in the training process, it is the use and improvement of
human resource really influence on socio-economic development.
Management activities are all implemented through its function, as making
plan, organizing, directing, testing and evaluating.
Management is conscious activity of managing subjects to control impact on
the objects, subject to gain management goal.
Method bears narrower meaning than solution; it is system of using ways to
implement any activity. It reflects the way of implementing content, which includes
deploying goal, argument content and technical structure to perform content;
Partnership is both a specific legal entity and an intellectual approach as to 9
Chapter II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the relevant readings and related literature which
bear significance and similarities in this study. This also includes the paradigm and
the definition of terms that could help the readers to fully understand the context
of this study.
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Vietnam is in the renovative process of VT system to gradually meet the
demand of labor market and society in the context of national development and region
integration. This is a remarkable point in Vietnam 2011-2020 strategy of socio-
economic development which is considered a national breakthrough strategy to
become industrialized countries. Hence, the strategy goal of the country is to achieve
breakthrough VT quality in the context of ASIAN integration. Then, VT strategy in
Vietnam’s 2011-2020 stage directing to the goal “raising quality and expanding VT
scale meet the demand of every field, needing well skilled workers at homeland and
for export”. By 2020, VT meet the demand of labor market in both quality and
quantity, career structure and training qualification, at the same time contribute to
improving income, alleviating poverty and ensuring social security. Training quality of
some fields obtain the similar level with developed countries in ASEAN and in the
world.
Vietnam managers of VT desire to have breakthrough VT quality with many
different solution groups, for example: setting up national career skill standards
corresponding with society requirement; forming career formation program meets the
defined norms; training, improving and developing vocational teachers; cooperating
with Enterprises in training career; renovating financial mechanism for career training
until 2020; strengthening international cooperation, especially with developed

Aunapu F.F (1994) said that: "management is science and art affecting society
system, mainly managing people to peruse given goals. That system is either moved or
quiet including interacted components” [1, p.75]
In Vietnam, there are many different definitions of management. According to
Vietnamese dictionary: "management is organizing and coordinating activities due to
given requirements” [34, p.789].
PhD. Mai Huu Khue (2003) said: "management is to impact on workers to
achieve given results and objectives” [12, p.19-20]

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It is clear that the mentioned definitions even though emphasize this side or
other, approach any aspect, any field; at macro-micro; all bear the common united
point is to consider management is original activities containing management subjects,
management objects and management goal that are related to each other through
managing impacts.
Management activities are all implemented through its function, as making
plan, organizing, directing, testing and evaluating. If management function is not
defined, management subject couldn’t control management system.
Profession /occupation
Profession is an activity bearing its own typical feature of humankind; it is
formed and developed along with development of humankind society. It is a type of
work bearing society nature and personal nature in which humankind in capacity of
activity’s subject require to satisfy certain society’s and individual’s demand .
According to Latin "Professio" – profession means professional job formed
orthodox, a type of work requiring any qualification level, is basic activity for the
existence of people.
According to Vietnamese Dictionary, “career is professional work assigned by
society” [34, p.676].
With the development of science and technology now, to work well, one have
to take part in a training process’s given program providing knowledge, skill and

W. Edwards Deming (2000) stated that quality is satisfy the customers’
requirement.
According to the ISO9000:2000 Standard gave out definition of quality:
“quality is the level of a gather consisting of given particularities which meet the
requirements”.
According to concept of European quality testing organization: quality of
products is the level that products could meet the demand of users.
In Vietnamese dictionary (2000), "quality is what creating qualification, value
for each individual, thing and fact.” [34, p.144]
All above definitions show that achieving quality is in the same manner with
satisfying requirements. These requirements certainly come from customers which are

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the original factors of quality and the focus when defining quality.
La Duy Tuan (2009) indicated that: Quality is expressed in firstly, the
satisfaction of users’ demand, the secondly effectiveness which is the lowest cost but it
still could satisfy market demand. Quality is described through qualitative and
quantitative results. Qualitative result is product’s value which can not be measured
and counted but can be remarked. Quantities result is value expressing in numbers, in
quantity and it can be weighted, measured, counted. Quality creates quantity, but only
quantity is not enough to reflect quality, so it is to analyze both qualitative and
quantities when acknowledging quality [9, p.18].
Quality of VT: The condition for Vietnam to get success in the world in the
context of integrating with WTO is to have human resource bearing ability to face up
with competition and cooperation. It is emergency task to create high-qualified human
resource with creativeness and adaptability. Human resource’s qualification accord
with labor market demand is the measure of education quality. Strengthening
partnership between VTI and Enterprises is really optimal solution in order to improve
vocational quality in mechanism and integration now. Education quality of each
branch and occupation is different, but however different it is, the most important

Due to concept of the product output, vocational quality depends on the
following norms:
+ Social profession qualification (virtue, awareness, responsibility;
+ Health;
+ Knowledge;
+ Working capacity;
+ Adapting with labor market;
+ Research ability and career improvement ability of workers after graduate.
Vocational qualification, concept according to working ability defined by
different aspects: knowledge, skill, awareness and habit in work. According to modern
concept, VT quality has got two parts: "hardware” is knowledge, skill, attitude learners
perceives from training process (accounted for 1/3); "software” is creativeness and
adaptation (accounted for 2/3).
Thus, when evaluating training quality of VTIs, don’t mention at only
“hardware”, that is knowledge, skill, awareness and habit in work of the graduates
whether accord with training goal or not, at what level accordance but it is more
important is to focus on software value- creativeness and adaptability, basing on this to
organize training process in order to encourage activity of students. It is in need to
enhance cooperation with Enterprises so as students have chance to approach or
quickly adapt with new production technology, creativeness in the market mechanism
shift, in which there is workforce market. In market mechanism and integration
context, VT is always ruled by supply and demand law. Trained products’ quality is
decision-making for the Colleges’ existence and development in competition. Trained
product is graduates. The focus in VT is to consider market’s demand in order to