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CHAPTER III
CÁC VẤN ĐỀ THÁCH THỨC TRONG
SỬ DỤNG TÀI NGUYÊN THIÊN NHIÊN
TĂNG DÂN SỐ VÀ TÀI NGUYÊN THIÊN
NHIÊN

•


•
!
 "#
 $ %
 
•
"%
•
Does population growth enhance or inhibit the
opportunities of a country’s natural resource
management?
•
Does the answer depend on the stage of
development?
•
In the recent period of population decline, what are
the possible effects of this decline on natural
resources management?
Population Growth
•
Population growth and age structure makes a difference in economic growth

Economic approach to population
control
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Benefit cost approach
B/C analysis of a population control compared if some government
control measure (investment) would maximize efficiency (benefits).
•
Micro demographic theory of fertility
The demand for children will, as with more conventional
commodities, be downward sloping which means the more expensive
children become, the fewer will be demanded
*

•
Issues differ from place to place and with type of
resource.
•
Issues can be grouped into:
–
Environmental
–
Social
–
Economical
–
Legal/institutional
+

•
Deforestation

–
co-management

'(

Lack of consultative process involving all related actors
in policy making.

Lack of comprehensive and updated information on:
–
the resource base,
–
socioeconomic features
$
'(

Lack of political will, support, and commitment.

Contradictory provisions in relevant Acts.

Differing values of the resource among stakeholders.
,
&!
–
Social exclusion
–
Social acceptability
–
Gender related issues
–

–
NRM programs are dominated by the
technical-rational paradigm (which acts to
constrain incorporation of subjective,
qualitative knowledge).
–
Our understanding of the social acceptability
of decision-making processes is incomplete
and needs further study.
*
./!
•
Multiple uses of water: industrial (cleaning, washing,
power supply, heating etc.); commercial (transport,
processing etc); agricultural (irrigation, animal drinking
etc); recreational (fishing, swimming, boating); human
personal (drinking, washing, cleaning etc); wildlife
habitat/support (aquatic species, wetlands etc).
+
.%%0
1!/



Conflicting values
•
Gender-related issues – e.g. men and
women may have different concerns and
options with regard to the management of a
natural resource.

manifested in different forms (grievance, conflict and
dispute). (Walker and Daniels, 1997).
•
According to the stages of transformation of conflict are:
(a) Naming, (b) Blaming, (c) Claiming and (d) Dispute.

5:
5:
•
Conflicts can be categorized into four groups based on
its solvability: They are:
–
A terminal conflict that seems unsolvable by
agreement and results in a win-lose situation.
–
A paradoxical conflict which looks obscure
and of questionable solvability having a lose-
lose outcome.
–
A litigious conflict which seems solvable and
produces a win-win or a consensus result.
–
An Illusory conflict where disputants want the
same thing but fail to realize it.