ENGLISH SOUNDS
There are 44 sounds in English:
- 20 vowel sounds: 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs
- 24 consonant sounds: include 2 semi-vowel sounds (/j, w/)
1. Vowel sounds
a. Monophthongs
/i, ɪ, e, ᴂ, ɜ, ə, Ʌ, u, ʊ, ɔ, o, ɑ/
/i:/ me, tea, he… => long sound
/ɪ/ sheet, heat…
/e/ head, bed, get…
/ᴂ/ man, hand, fan…
/ɜ:/ girl, church, bird… => long sound
/ə/ a, an…
/Ʌ/ but, cut, shut…
/u:/ who, shoe, move… => long sound
/ʊ/ look, took, good…
/ɔ:/ more, for, door… => long sound
/o/ not, hot, got…
/ɑ/ car, far, bar… => long sound
b. Diphthongs
/aɪ, oɪ, eɪ, əʊ, ɑʊ, ɪə, eə, ʊə/
/aɪ/ like, shy, fine, goodbye…
/oɪ/ boy, toy, coin, choice…
/eɪ/ day, pay, play, say…
/əʊ/ show, no, go, flow…
/ɑʊ/ how, town, about, now…
/ɪə/ beer, cheer, tear, dear…
/eə/ bare, care, share, fair…
/ʊə/ sure, tour, poor…
2. Consonant sounds
/p, b, f, v, t, d, s, z, θ, δ, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, k, g, h, l, r, m, n, ŋ, j, w/

_ive: sug’gestive _cial: ‘special _tial: ‘spatial
_cion: sus’picion _sion: dis’cussion _tion: pre’vention
_cious: ‘precious _tious: in’fectious
_xious: ‘anxious _is: diag’nosis
- Danh từ chỉ môn học trọng âm cách âm tiết cuối một âm tiết
Ex: e’conomics, ge’ography, a’rithmetic, bi’ology, (but: mathe’matics)
- Trọng âm được đánh cách âm cuối một âm tiết với các hậu tố sau
_ate: ‘consulate (but: in’filtrate) _ite: ‘appetite _ude: ‘solitude
_ute: ‘institute (but: a’ttribute) _ary: i’maginary _ative: i’mitative
_y/_cy: dip’lomacy, pho’tography _ply: ‘multiply _ize: ‘criticize
_ise: ‘compromise _fy: ‘simplify
- Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối nếu chúng là các âm tiết:
_ee: refu’gee (but: com’mittee, ‘coffee) _eer: engi’neer _ese: Chi’nese
_oo: ba’lloon _ette: ciga’rette _esque: pictu’resque