Fruit fly
Fruit fly
(
(
Bactrocera
Bactrocera
dorsalis
dorsalis
)
)
2). Life cycle
2). Life cycle


The adult female fly feeds up to a week on
The adult female fly feeds up to a week on
protein, e.g. on bacteria growing on plant
protein, e.g. on bacteria growing on plant
surfaces, and on sugars, e.g. in honeydew
surfaces, and on sugars, e.g. in honeydew
and nectar, before laying eggs.
and nectar, before laying eggs.


Eggs are white, banana
Eggs are white, banana
-
-
shaped and 1 mm
shaped and 1 mm
long. They are deposited in batches of 10

Bactrocera
dorsalis
dorsalis
)
)
2) Life cycle
2) Life cycle


Eggs hatch in 2
Eggs hatch in 2
-
-
3 days and the larvae borrow
3 days and the larvae borrow
into the fruit pulp. The number of larvae per
into the fruit pulp. The number of larvae per
fruit varies from one to 12 or more. Larvae
fruit varies from one to 12 or more. Larvae
complete their development in about 10
complete their development in about 10
days. They then drop to the ground to fined a
days. They then drop to the ground to fined a
suitable place to pupate. Pupation occurs in
suitable place to pupate. Pupation occurs in
the soil and can take about 7
the soil and can take about 7
-
-
9 days. Pupae

1). Shape
1). Shape
Mealybugs
Mealybugs
(
(
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus
sp.)
sp.)


1). Shape and
1). Shape and
damage
damage
symptoms
symptoms
Mealybugs
Mealybugs
(
(
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus
sp.)
sp.)


1). Shape and damage symptoms
1). Shape and damage symptoms

and vice versa.
and vice versa.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs
(
(
Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus
sp.)
sp.)


1
1
). Shape and damage symptoms
). Shape and damage symptoms


Adult males are tiny, delicate winged insect with
Adult males are tiny, delicate winged insect with
long tail filament.
long tail filament.


Juveniles and adults seek out sheltered sites:
Juveniles and adults seek out sheltered sites:
under the fruit calyx, inside the navel of fruit,
under the fruit calyx, inside the navel of fruit,
between touching fruit and leaves, in curled
between touching fruit and leaves, in curled

Citrophilous
Citrophilous
”
”


Citrophilous
Citrophilous
mealybug
mealybug
female lay about 500
female lay about 500
eggs in a cottony egg sac, and hatch within a
eggs in a cottony egg sac, and hatch within a
few days. There are three
few days. There are three
moults
moults
in females
in females
and four in male.
and four in male.


The complete life cycle takes about 2 months
The complete life cycle takes about 2 months
and there are 3
and there are 3
-
-

species. However, red mite occur and cause
species. However, red mite occur and cause
damage popular almost citrus garden in
damage popular almost citrus garden in
Mekong delta area.
Mekong delta area.


The adult female red mite has oval body, and
The adult female red mite has oval body, and
is 0,5 mm long. The body is purple
is 0,5 mm long. The body is purple
-
-
red color
red color
with long white bristle on the back and sides,
with long white bristle on the back and sides,
the pale legs. The adult male is smaller than
the pale legs. The adult male is smaller than
female and legs are longer than one.
female and legs are longer than one.
Mites
Mites
1). Shape and damage symptoms
1). Shape and damage symptoms


Citrus red mite feeds on citrus fruit, leaves (young and
Citrus red mite feeds on citrus fruit, leaves (young and

-
-
40 eggs at rate of 2
40 eggs at rate of 2
-
-
3
3
per day. The egg is bright red and spherical, 0,13 mm
per day. The egg is bright red and spherical, 0,13 mm
diameter. Eggs are commonly deposited along the midribs
diameter. Eggs are commonly deposited along the midribs
of the leaves. Newly hatched larvae are red and have 6
of the leaves. Newly hatched larvae are red and have 6
legs. They develop through two further
legs. They develop through two further
nymphal
nymphal
stages
stages
with 8 legs before reaching adulthood. From egg to adult
with 8 legs before reaching adulthood. From egg to adult
can takes about 2
can takes about 2
-
-
8 weeks depend on temperature and
8 weeks depend on temperature and
humidity, the adult female live about 18 days. There are
humidity, the adult female live about 18 days. There are

antennae, and rapid moving when disturbed.
antennae, and rapid moving when disturbed.
Adult
Adult
thrips
thrips
are about 3
are about 3
-
-
4 mm; however, some
4 mm; however, some
one grow to length of about 12 mm. Wings of
one grow to length of about 12 mm. Wings of
thrips
thrips
are narrow with a fringe of long hairs on
are narrow with a fringe of long hairs on
the hind edge, and other are wingless.
the hind edge, and other are wingless.
Thrips
Thrips
1).
1).
Shape and damage symptoms
Shape and damage symptoms
Thrips
Thrips
have mouthparts adapted for sucking and
have mouthparts adapted for sucking and

(
(
Scirtothrips dorsalis
Scirtothrips dorsalis
Hood
Hood
)
)
(
(
Megalurothrips
Megalurothrips
kellyanus
kellyanus
)
)
(
(
Chaetanaphothrips orchidii
Chaetanaphothrips orchidii
)
)
(
(
Heliothrips
Heliothrips
haemorrhoidalis
haemorrhoidalis
Thrips
Thrips

-
-
3 eggs a day.
3 eggs a day.
Larvae develop through two stages to become a
Larvae develop through two stages to become a
propupa
propupa
. They complete life cycle takes about 5
. They complete life cycle takes about 5
weeks.
weeks.
Thrips
Thrips
adult can live 3 months. There
adult can live 3 months. There
are about 6 generations per year
are about 6 generations per year
They can attack many other fruit, beside
They can attack many other fruit, beside
citrus.
citrus.
Thrips
Thrips
(
(
Scirtothrips
Scirtothrips
dorsalis
dorsalis

)


Belong to
Belong to
Noctuidae
Noctuidae
, the adult moths fly
, the adult moths fly
to orchards during the night to suck juice
to orchards during the night to suck juice
from ripening fruit, and they rest outside
from ripening fruit, and they rest outside
the orchards by night. Adult
the orchards by night. Adult
fruitpiercing
fruitpiercing
moths are large and stout
moths are large and stout
-
-
bodied with a
bodied with a
wingspan of 100 mm. There are many
wingspan of 100 mm. There are many
species in the Mekong Delta, But the
species in the Mekong Delta, But the
yellow
yellow
-

forming a dark
-
-
brown pupa within a
brown pupa within a
delicate silk cocoon between
delicate silk cocoon between
webbeb
webbeb
leaves. After 3 weeks, adults emerge
leaves. After 3 weeks, adults emerge
from the pupa. Beside citrus the moths
from the pupa. Beside citrus the moths
can attack many other fruit tree. There
can attack many other fruit tree. There
are about 2
are about 2
-
-
4 generations per year.
4 generations per year.
Psyllids
Psyllids
(
(
Diaphorina
Diaphorina
citri
citri
)

instar
), with 2 small wings
), with 2 small wings
Psyllids
Psyllids
(
(
Diaphorina citri
Diaphorina citri
)
)
1). Shape and biological characteristic
1). Shape and biological characteristic
Adult:
Adult:
2.5
2.5
-
-
3 mm long; brown dark body, wings
3 mm long; brown dark body, wings
have light brown color. Head is acute and
have light brown color. Head is acute and
brown color, red eyes.
brown color, red eyes.
When they are on the leaf, the body of
When they are on the leaf, the body of
the
the
psyllid