HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT LY NGOC MINH, M.Eng

SPECIALIZED ENGLISH
FOR INDUSTRIAL MECHINERY
AND EQUIPMENT

(Mechanical Engineering, Heat Engineering -
Refrigeration, Industrial Machinery and Equipment)

TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH
MÁY VÀ THIẾT BỊ
Tp Hồ Chí Minh, 2008

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UNIT 1: METALS
A. UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
This passage will give you some information about metals, alloys and their
uses. Notice how it is diveded into paragraphs and sections. Pay attention to the
headings.
Now look at the following questions:

high electrical resistance or corrosion resistance.

3HEAT TREATMENT
The properties of a metal can be further improved by use of heat treatment.
Heat treat treatment is the term given to a number of different procedures in which
the properties of metals and alloys are changed. It usually consists of heating the
metal of alloy to a selected temperature below its melting point and then cooling it
at a certain rate to obtain those properties which are required. For example,
hardening is used to make metals harder. Tempering makes them softer and less
brittle. Annealing is carried out to make a metal soft so that it can be machined
more easily. In this-way, metallic materials can be produced to meet every kind of
engineering specification and requirement.

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Heat
no.

SPECIAL ALLOYS
When Concorde was built, a material was needed which could withstand
extreme aerodynamic conditions and would have a life of a least 45,000 flying
hours. To achieve this, a special aluminium alloy was developed which is tough and
lightweight and is used in over 70% of Concorde’s structure. Another 16% is made
of high-strength steel, and titanium alloys are used in the engine surrounds to
withstand temperatures of 4000 degrees centigrade.

1. New words:
• Resistance
• Annealing
• Specification
• Surrounds
• Centigrade
• Enorrnous
2. Properties of materials: These words and phrases refer to properties of
materials: strength, toughness, corrosion resitant. In the passage, there are nine
words which refer to properties of materails. Let list them.
3. Nouns and adjectives
4. Verbs that descirebe change “harnden” means to make something harder.
What words have the following meaning:
• To make something thicker
• To make something weaker
• To make something stronger
D.
CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR
1. Ac
tive and passive.
2. Comparatives and superlatives.
3.
Adverbs and adjectives. 6
UNIT 2: MEASUREMENT

“Throttling Valve”
(Gate Valve)
Connecting lines to boiler
should be straight runs
Piping must be pitched to drain
with no restrictions or reduction in
pipe size
Collapsed or crushed floats on high pressure
boiler applications can be prevented.
1. Follow installation tips shown
2. Use a dual valve system.
3. Open Ball Valve first.
4. Open ‘Throttling Valve’ slowly until drain
piping heats up and then open fully.
Crushed Floats

Standard Models
‘MD’ Models
Pump Off
Pump On
3/4” Differential
1 3/8” Differential 1 13/16” Differential
Switch setpoints at 150psi
Series 150/157 & Series 150S/157S
Operating Levels
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TYPES OF MEASUREMENT

SI Units. SI is the abbreviation for Systeme International d'Unites. SI is
based on seven basic units, each of which is defined with great accuracy and from
which all other basic units are derived. Under the system each physical quantity
has only one particular unit for its measurement. Thus, a 30 length is only
measured in metres. If the number employed with a basic unit is very small, or
very large, then a prefix can be used as in km for kilometres. Conversion tables
are necessary because the USA and Britain still retain a measurement system
which is different from that used by the rest of the world.
THE NEED FOR TYPES OF MEASURING DEVICES
Measuring devices. Since measurement is so important, it follows that
there is a wide range of devices and instruments which are designed to indicate
very precisely length, pressure, time and so on. The illustration below, from a
manual on diesel mechanics, with its instructions for aligning and measuring a
flywheel housing, shows one such device and some of the language and figures
associated with its use.

B. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Read the text again carefully, looking up anything you do not understand in
a dictionary or reference book. Then answer the following questions:
1. What is measurement?

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2. How many different symbols for measurement of length are shown in the
two tables?
3. How is the US measurement of force different from the SI unit?
4. Why do you think flow, concentration and velocity are in table 2 but not in
table 1?
5. What is the principle on which SI is based?
6. What is the US customary unit for the SI equivalent 1.356 J?
7. How many “ins” are there in 1”m”, according to Table 1?

and function of filters in diesel systems. Remember to
look at the notes in he margins for quick reference and
notice how the text is divided into paragraphs of
different lengths. Pay attention to the diagrams and
labels.
Try to answer the following questions after the first reading. Remember,
you do not have to understand every word in the text to do so.
1. What is the function of a filter?
2. How many classes of filter materials are mentioned?
3. Which materials are only used for the exhaust system?
4. How many basic types of filter are used?
5. Which type of filter is used mainly for the lubrication and fuel-injection
systems?
TEXT: FILTERS FOR DIESEL SYSTEMS
The need for filters in systems
1. The most common cause of engine trouble is contaminants in the system;
therefore, the most sensible way to maintain and preserve a high-performance
hydraulic system is simply to keep the system clean. Many different types of
filters are manufactured to accommodate the various types of hydraulic systems.
Filters are a lifeline because they remove contaminants and thus protect the
systems. The manufactures originally install the filters, strainers and breathers.
They also provide service manuals with precise instructions in order to ensure
trouble free operation of the system components. Nevertheless, foreign matter
enters the system usually through careless or inadequate maintenance, or through
normal wear of the components within the system.

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Materials used in filter elements
2. There are three classes of filter materials: mechanical, inactive absorbent
and active absorbent. The mechanical filter consists of closely woven metal

bottom. Sometimes multifolded paper elements are used.

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9. DEEP TYPE FILTER. The design of the deep-type filter is quite
different from that of the surface filter (Fig. b). It is more efficient and has a
longer service life. Fig. e shows two types of filter materials and illustrates the
substantial depth of the filter material
10. Deep-type filters of porous materials consist of fine woven copper of
cinder bronze elements formed to fit the filter housing (Fig. c). They can also be
made of minute stainless steel balls joined as one inflexible piece.
11. EDGE – TYPE FILTER. Edge-type filters are used as primary filters for
the lubrication and fuel-injection systems. In this deign, many copper, bronze,
papers, or steel disks are positioned over the center tube. The tube acts as a
`hydraulic line and directs oil to the outlet port. Some edge-type filters have the
added convenience of the automatic scrapper of a hand-operated scrapper for
cleaning the outside of the disk. This, of course, helps to expend the life of the
filter.

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12. Regardless of the design or the type of the filter element is sealed in a
housing. O rings or gaskets separate the filtered from the unfiltered liquid. Liquid
enters near the top of the filter housing or, with a screw-on-type oil in the fuel
filter, it enters via the adapter plate and flows into the outer area of the filter
element. The system pressure force the liquid through the filter element into the
center area. Filtered liquid the pass through the center and on the outlet port.

• Paragraph 12: this
3. Are the sentences below True (T) or False (F) according to the information
given in the text?
• Engine trouble is often caused by contaminants in the system. □
• All inactive absorbent filters can remove water. □
• Charcoal is a material used in active absorbent filters. □
• A micron and a micrometer indicate the same unit of measurement. □
•
Mechanical filters are different from
surface-type filters. □
• Disks in edge-type filters are made of paper. □

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C. INCREASE YOUR VOCABOLARY
Using the dictionary if necessary, complete the following exercises.
1. Say what words are used in the first paragraph to mean:
• To be suitable to
• Accurate and detailed steps in maintenance
• Parts which go to together to make up a system
2. In paragraph 2, 3, 4, find two verbs which can mean “to be made up of
“.
3. Explain in your own words the meaning of the following phrases,
which occur in the first four paragraphs:
• A high - performance hydraulic system
• Water – soluble contaminants
• Fuel – injection system
4. Say which words in paragraphs 6 -11 have the opposite meanings to
the following:
• Allow
• Horizontal

2. What type of energy depends upon position?
3. What type of energy comes from the sun?
4. What are the three most important sources of power?
5. Give an example of a heat engine.
Read the passage and find the answers to these questions. It is not
necessary to understand every word to do this.
TEXT: ENERGY, HEAT AND WORK
WHAT IS THE ENERGY?
1. Energy may be thought of as that property of something which enables it to
do work. When we say that something possesses energy, we suggest that it is
capable in some way of exerting a force on something else and performing work
on it. When work is done on something, on the other hand, energy has been added
to it. Energy is measured in the same units as those of work, the foot-pound and
the Joule.

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Steam power plant

Heat
• Heat is the energy
transferred between a
hot object and a cold
object.
•Temperatureis the
degree of “hotness” of
an ob
ject.
q
T

3. The statement that energy is the capacity something has to do work is not
restricted to kinetic energy but is perfectly general. Many objects possess energy
because of their position. Consider a pile driver, a simple machine that lifts a
heavy weight (‘the hammer’) and allows it to fall on the head of a pile, thereby
driving the pile into the ground. When the hammer has been lifted to the top, it
has only to be released to fall and do work on the pile. The capacity for doing
work is present in the hammer as soon as it has been lifted, simply because of its
position several feet above the ground. The actual word on the pile is done at the
expense of kinetic energy gained during the hammer’s fall, but the capacity for
working is present before the fall starts. Energy of this sort, depending merely on
the position of an object, is called potential energy.
ENERGY SOURCES
4. Prior to the development of nuclear, all the significant contributions to the
mechanical energy used by man had the sun as their source. However,
economical methods have not been developed as yet for directly converting solar
radiation into work on a large scale. The amount of energy striking the earth from
the sun is staggering when considered as a whole, but per unit surface the
quantity is small. This introduces the serious difficulty of concentrating the heat

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gathered from a large surface and using it as a source for conversion to work
.Significant research on this difficulty is underway, and progress has been made
on the related problem of the use of solar energy directly as heat; for example,
solar radiation is being used to heat homes, to produce high temperatures for
metallurgical operations (solar furnaces), and to concentrate aqueous solutions by
evaporation.
CONVERTING ENERGY TO WORK
5. The kinetic energy due to the mass movement of air has been used to some
extent for the production of work, especially in rural areas (windmills). Variations
and uncertainties in wind velocity and the necessity for large-sized equipment to

process of first converting the chemical energy into heat.
9. In a conventional power plant the molecular energy of the fuel is released
by a combustion process. The function of the work-producing device is to convert
part of the heat of combustion into mechanical energy. In a nuclear power plant
the fission process releases the energy of the nucleus of the atom as heat, and
then this heat is partially converted into work.
HEAT ENGINES
10. In one form of heat energy, the working fluid is completely enclosed and
goes though a cyclical process, accomplished by vaporization and condensation.
Heat is transferred to the fluid from another part of the apparatus across a
physical boundary. A coal-fired power plant with steam as the working fluid is an
example. Here, the combustion gases are separated from the steam by the boiler-
tube walls. The internal-combustion of heat within the work-producing device.
Examples of this type are the Otto engine and the combustion gas turbine.

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Power plant with steam