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/Ç16,1+75ѬӢ1*&Ӫ$+$,*,Ӕ1*&Ӓ7,)':$5)9¬
7,)($*/(7Ҥ,6Æ1*2/)7+ӪĈӬ&73+Ӗ&+Ë0,1+ +ӑYjWrQVLQKYLên: 1JX\ӉQ9ăQ3KX
1JjQK1{QJKӑF
Niên khóa: 2007 ± 2011


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761*ÐĈҴ1*3+21* 73+ӗ&Kt0LQK
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ii
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/Ӡ,&Ҧ0Ѫ1 .............................................................................................................ii
7Ï07Ҳ7 ................................................................................................................. iii
0Ө&/Ө& .................................................................................................................. iv
'$1+6È&+&È&%Ҧ1* ....................................................................................... vii
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH ........................................................................................ vii
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH ........................................................................................ vii
&KѭѫQJ *,Ӟ,7+,ӊ8 ............................................................................................... 1
ĈһWYҩQÿӅ .............................................................................................................. 1
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0өFÿtFK ............................................................................................................. 2
éQJKƭDÿӅWjL ...................................................................................................... 2
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2.1.3 7KjQKSKҫQFKtQKFӫDVkQJROI ............................................................................ 4
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*LӕQJFӓ TifEagle ............................................................................................. 10
1KӳQJQJKLrQFӭXKӛQKӧSÿҩW ............................................................................ 11
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LSD (Least Significant Difference): 6DLELӋWWӕLWKLӇXFyQJKƭD
171JKLӋPWKӭF
NTEP (National Turfgrass (YDOXDWLRQ3URJUDP&KѭѫQJ7UuQKĈӏQK*Li7KҧP&ӓ
4XӕF*LD
5(35HSOLFDWLRQ/ҫQQKҳFOҥL
S: Scoria
6RLOPL[+ӛQKӧSÿҩW
TB: Trung bình
86'$8QLWHG6WDWH'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH%ӝQ{QJQJKLӋS+RD.Ǥ
86*$8QLWHG6WDWHV*ROI$VVRFLDWLRQ+LӋS+ӝL*ROI+RD.Ǥ
9YDULHW\JLӕQJFӓ

vii
'$1+6È&+&È&%Ҧ1*

%ҧQJ7KjQKSKҫQKyDKӑFPүXGLDWRPLWH3K~<rQ .............................................. 12
%ҧQJ.ӃWTXҧSKkQWtFKÿiED]DQӣ9ƭQK7KҥQK%uQKĈӏQK................................. 13
%ҧQJ7KjQKSKҫQKyDKӑFFӫDÿiED]DQEӑWӣĈӗQJ1DL ...................................... 13
%ҧQJ&iFQJKLӋPWKӭFFӫD1JX\ӉQĈӭF'NJQJYj1JX\ӉQ7Kӏ.LP7KRD 14
%ҧQJ<rXFҫXYӅWtQKFKҩWFӫDKӛQKӧSÿҩW ......................................................... 16
%ҧQJD7tQKFKҩWYұWOêFӫDKӛQKӧSÿҩWYQJUӉEDQÿҫX ...................................... 29
%ҧQJE7tQKFKҩWYұWOêFӫDKӛQKӧSÿҩWYQJUӉVDXQJj\WUӗQJ ...................... 30
%ҧQJD7tQKFKҩWKyD KӑFFӫDFiFKӛQKӧSÿҩWEDQÿҫX ......................................... 31
%ҧQJE7tQKFKҩWKyDKӑFFӫDFiFKӛQKӧSÿҩWVDXQJj\WUӗQJ ......................... 32
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WUӗQJ .......................................................................................................................... 33
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WUӗQJ .......................................................................................................................... 34
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WUӗQJ .......................................................................................................................... 35

FҧQKÿҽSYjPӝWWUiLEDQKWUҳQJQKӓFyNKҧQăQJJL~SEӟWPӋWPӓLYjNKXk\NKӓDWLQK
WKҫQ*ROIOjFiFKWKӭFWӕWQKҩWÿӇWLӃS[~F YLӋFNLQKGRDQK
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cho nêQYLӋFTXҧQOêWKҧPFӓÿӇÿҥW\rXFҫXFӫDQJѭӡLFKѫLÿzLKӓLUҩWF{QJSKXYjUҩW
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trong bҧRGѭӥQJVkQFӓĈLӅXÿyOjPFKRQӅQ*UHHQFjQJEӏQpQFKһWOjPFKREӝUӉ
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2
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YQJQKLӋWÿӟLYjFұQQKLӋWÿӟL%URVQDQYj'HSXW\.
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FyKӋWKӕQJWKHRWӯQJJLDLÿRҥQӣSKzQJWKt QJKLӋPYѭӡQѭѫPYjWKӵFWӃiSGөQJ
ngoài sân bãi.
;XҩWSKiWWӯYҩQÿӅWUrQÿӅWjL³ҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDFiFORҥLKӛQKӧSÿҩWYQJUӉ
lên siQK WUѭӣQJ FӫD KDL JLӕQJ Fӓ Tifdwarf và TifEagle WҥL VkQ JROI 7Kӫ ĈӭF -

FQJSKiWWULӇQWKjQKFiFWUzFKѫLKLӋQÿҥL1KӳQJVӱJLDNKiFOҥLFKRUҵQJP{QJROI
KLӋQQD\SKiWWULӇQWӯ P{QFKXLZDQ³FKXL´ FyQJKƭD³ÿiQK´³ZDQ´QJKƭDOj³TXҧ
EyQJQKӓ´ PӝWWUzFKѫL7UXQJ 4XӕFFKѫL JLӳDWKӃNӹ9,,,. Ӣ9LӋW1DPFNJQJFy
PӝWWUzFKѫLGkQJLDQPDQJWtQKFKҩWWѭѫQJWӵOjP{Q³ĈiQKSKӃW´YӅVDXWUzQj\WUӣ
thàQKPӝWP{QWKӇWKDRSKәELӃQWURQJFiFQJj\WӃWQJj\KӝL7ѭѫQJWUX\ӅQWӯWKӡL
+DL%j7UѭQJWUzÿiQKSKӃWÿmÿѭӧFWәFKӭFÿӇUqQOX\ӋQWKӇOӵFYjPѭXWUtFKR
TXkQ Vƭ Tuy nhiên, WKHR Vӕ ÿ{QJ QKj QJKLrQ FӭX P{Q JROI Fy WKӇ [XҩW SKiW Wӯ
,FHODQGOjWUzFKѫLFӫDQKӳQJQJѭӡLFKăQFӯXQJj\[ѭD7URQJNKLODFӯXÿLăQKӑ
GQJFk\Jұ\FyPӝWÿҫXWRÿӇÿiQKYLrQVӓLWUzQÿL[DYjKӑWKLYӟLQKDX[HPDL
ÿiQKÿL[DQKҩWYjFKtQK[iFQKҩW
1ăP&/%JROIOҫQÿҫXWLrQWUrQWKӃJLӟLÿѭӧFWKjQKOұS± &/%JROIFӫD
FiFTXt{QJ7KH*HQWOHPHQW*ROIHURI/HLWKYӅVDX&/%Qj\ÿәLWrQWKjQK+LӋSKӝL
JROIGDQKGӵ(GLQEXUJKWKH+RQRXUDEOH&RPSDQ\RI(GLQEXUJK*ROIHU6ӵNLӋQÿy
ÿѭӧFQӕLWLӃSEҵQJYLӋFWKjQKOұS+LӋSKӝLJROIPDQJWrQ7KiQK$QGUHZV YjRQăP
6W$QGUHZV6RFLHW\RI*ROIHU1JX\rQWҳFWtQKÿLӇPÿѭӧFÿѭDUDYjRQăP
4
YjÿӃQQăPVkQJROIOӛEҳWÿҫXWUӣWKjQKPүXVkQJROIWLrXFKXҭQ9jWӟLQăP
JLӟLÿjQ{QJPҩWWKӃ³ÿӝFTX\ӅQ´NKL&/%FiFWD\JROIQӳÿѭӧFWKjQKOұS
0ӝWVӕTX\FKXҭQYӅ golf
0ӝWVkQJROIFiFOӛJROIOLrQWLӃSQKDXWURQJÿyPӛLEDRJӗPFiF YӏWUtSKiW
EyQJWHH ER[ ÿѭӡQJÿiQK IDLUZD\ YQJ JҥW EyQJ JUHHQ FiF FKѭӟQJQJҥL YұW
KD]DUGYjYQJÿӋPFҧQKTXDQ[XQJTXDQK7ҩWFҧÿӅXÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃFKRPӝWWUұQ
ÿҩXWURQJVkQJROI&ѫVӕQKӓQKҩWFӫDPӝWVkQJROIOjÿѭӡQJJROIEDRJӗPÿѭӡQJ
QJҳQSDUÿѭӡQJWUXQJEuQKSDUYjÿѭӡQJGjLSDU. 6ӕÿѭӡQJÿiQKKROH
ӣPӝWVkQJROIWLrXFKXҭQOj
.K{QJFyKDL VkQJROIQjRÿѭӧF WKLӃW NӃJLӕQJ QKDXÿӏDKuQKFӫDFK~QJOX{Q OX{Q
NKiFQKDX0ӑLVkQJROIÿӅXFyPӝWÿLӇPFKXҭQSDUFӝQJGӗQFKRVӕÿѭӡQJÿiQKÿy
YjWәQJVӕF~ÿiQKPjPӝWFҫXWKӫJLӓLQKҩWFҫQWKӵFKLӋQÿӇÿѭDEyQJWӟLFiFOӛJROI
ĈӇWtQKÿѭӧFVӕÿLӇPFKXҭQFӝQJGӗQFӫDPӝWVkQJROIPӛLÿѭӡQJÿiQKÿѭӧFJLDR
PӝWÿLӇPFKXҭQW\WKXӝFYjRFKLӅXGjLFӫDÿѭӡQJEyQJÿy&yEDÿLӇPFKXҭQNKiF

2 - EӅUӝQJFӫDPi\FҳWFӓJUHHQ&ӓWUӗQJӣYjQKÿDLSKҧLFQJJLӕQJYӟLFӓWURQJ
JUHHQYuPөFÿtFKFӫDYjQKÿDLOjYQJÿӋPQJăQFKһQFӫDFӓIDLUZD\WKѭӡQJPӑF
PҥQKKѫQFҳWFDR KѫQYjFKҩWOѭӧQJNpPKѫQ[kPQKұSOjPJLҧPFKҩWOѭӧQJYjWtQK
ÿӗQJQKҩWFӫDJUHHQ&KLӅXFDRFӓYQJQj\GDRÿӝQJ mm - 14 mm.

Hình 2.1 ³7UiLWLPFӫDVkQJROI´*UHHQ 6
2.1.3.2 Tee
7HHER[OjYQJÿҩWÿѭӧFJLӟLKҥQOjPYӏWUtSKiWEyQJYjÿѭӧFÿһWӣÿҫXPӛL
ÿѭӡQJJROI+uQKGҥQJWHHER[WKѭӡQJKuQKYX{QJKRһFEҫXGөF7UrQOêWKX\ӃWEӅPһW
WHHER[SKҷQJWX\ӋWÿӕLÿӇWҥRÿLӅXNLӋQWӕWQKҩWFKRF~SKiWEyQJQKѭQJNKLWKLF{QJ
QJѭӡLWDWKѭӡQJÿiQKPiLGӕFYӅSKtDVDXQKҵPWăQJNKҧQăQJWKRiWQѭӟFFho tee.
7ӯWHHER[QJѭӡLFKѫLEҳWÿҫXSKiWEyQJWHHVKRWÿӇKRjQWKjQKWUұQÿҩXFӫDPuQK
7K{QJWKѭӡQJ YӏWUtSKiWEyQJWUrQWHHER[ÿѭӧFJLӟLKҥQEҵQJKDL PӕFJӑLOj³WHH
PDUN´1JѭӡLFKѫLFKӍÿѭӧFSKpSÿһWEyQJPuQKWURQJJLӟLKҥQFӫDWHHPDUNQJѭӧF
YӅSKtDVDX&ӓWUӗQJӣWHHER[WKѭӡQJNKiFYӟLFӓӣJUHHQYjIDLUZD\FKLӅXFDRWUXQJ
bình 8 cm ± 12 cm
7K{QJWKѭӡQJPӛLÿѭӡQJJROIFyÿӃQWHHER[FyNKRҧQJFiFKÿӃQOӛJROI
NKiFQKDXÿjQKFKRFiFWUuQKÿӝWKӇOӵFNKiFQKDXYjSKkQELӋWEҵQJPjXQKҵPWҥR
PӝWWUұQ ÿҩXF{QJEҵQJYjQJDQJVӭF
9 7HHÿHQ
9 Tee vàng
9 7HH[DQKGѭѫQJ
9 7HHWUҳQJ
9 7HHÿӓ
2.1.3.3 Fairway
)DLUZD\OjYQJFӓÿѭӧFFKăPVyFWӕt YjFҳWÿӅX, QҵPJLӳDWHHER[YjJUHHQ7UrQ
ÿѭӡQJJROIQJҳQSDUFyWKӇNK{QJFҫQIDLUZD\YuÿtFKQJҳPFӫDQJѭӡLFKѫLOjJUHen.

EXQNHUYjFKѭӟQJQJҥLYұWQѭӟFZDWHUKD]DUG:
8
- %XQNHUOjORҥLFKѭӟQJQJҥLYұWFyFӕW[k\GӵQJWKҩSKѫQVRYӟLÿѭӡQJÿiQKEóng.
7KHRÿӏQKQJKƭDFKtQKWKӭFEXQNHUOjNKXYӵFPjFӓYj ÿҩWPһWNKXYӵFҩ\ÿѭӧFEyF
VҥFKYjWKD\WKӃEҵQJFiWKD\YұWOLrXWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJQKѭEӑWQ~LOӱD«W\WKHRÿLӅX
NLӋQWӵQKLrQӣÿӏDSKѭѫQJ&NJQJQKѭWҩWFҧFiFWKjQKSKҫQNKiFFӫDPӝWÿѭӡQJÿiQK
EyQJEXQNHU NK{QJKӅFyTX\WҳFYjPӑLEXQNHUÿӅX NKiFQKDXYӅ NtFKWKӭFKuQK
GҥQJÿӝVkX&K~QJFyWKӇQҵPӣEҩWFӭÿkXQKӳQJQѫLPjQKjWKLӃWNӃFҧPWKҩ\WKұW
VӵFҫQWKLӃWSKҧLFҧQWUӣQKӳQJF~ÿiQKOLӅXOƭQKQKҵPYѭӧWTXDPһWÿӕLWKӫFӫDQKӳQJ
QJѭӡL FKѫL NK{QJFKX\rQ 9t Gө 4XDQK JUHHQJLӳD IDLUZD\ SKtD VDX QKӳQJ ÿRҥQ
QJRһWGRJOHJQҩSWURQJURXJKYjWURQJQKӳQJYQJÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃQKҵPWҥRUDѭXWKӃ
PҥRKLӇPULVNUHZDUG. Hình 2.3 &KѭӟQJQJҥLYұWKӕFiWEXQNHU
- Water hazardÿyOjQKӳQJKӗFKӭDQѭӟFFNJQJOjQѫLWҥRFҧQKTXDQQKѭWUӗQJFk\
WKӫ\VLQKYzLSKXQQѭӟF
9

Hình 2.4 &KѭӟQJQJҥLYұWKӗQѭӟFZDWHUKD]DUG
2.2 7әQJTXDQYӅKDLJLӕQJFӓ7LIGZDUIYj7LI(DJOH (Cynodon spp.)
Theo Brosnan và ctv (2008), Fӓ gà có tên WLӃQJ Anh là ³Bermuda grass´ ӣ Úc
JӑL là ³FRXFK JUDVV´ và có tên khoa KӑF là Cynodon spp., WUѭӟF QăP 1956 dòng WKXҫQ
C. dactylon là ORҥL Fӓ ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ SKә ELӃQ cho WKҧP Fӓ vùng QKLӋW ÿӟL và FұQ QKLӋW
ÿӟL /RҥL Fӓ này ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ QKLӅX ӣ Trung 4XӕF ҨQ Ĉӝ Châu Phi, Úc (Duble,
2010), vùng sa PҥF phía Tây Nam và PӝW Vӕ vùng ӣ Ĉ{QJ Nam QѭӟF 0ӻ
(Wenjing
pang và ctv., 2010). Loài này có QJXӗQ JӕF ӣ châu phi, WăQJ WUѭӣQJ FKұP PұW ÿӝ dày
và ÿһF ELӋW là FKӏX ÿѭӧF JLүP ÿҥS và stress khi khô KҥQ phát WULӇQ WӕW QKҩW khi có ánh
sáng PһW WUӡL ÿҫ\ ÿӫ (Trenholm và ctv., 1991). Ngoài ra, Vӱ GөQJ QѭӟF ít, FKӏX ÿѭӧF ӣ

ÿұP, PұWÿӝ quay FDRNKҧ QăQJFKӏX FҳW WKҩS UҩWcao (<1/8 in). TX\QKLrQQKѭӧFÿLӇP
OjGӉEӏ WәQWKѭѫQJ do sâu YjGӃ%URVQDQ*OHQQ
2.2.2 *LӕQJFӓ TifEagle
7LI(DJOH ÿѭӧF EҳW ÿҫX QJKLrQ FӭX Wӯ QăP WҥL Tifton EҵQJ FiFK WҥR ÿӝW
ELӃQ trong Tifdwarf và Tifgreen 328. TifEagle OjPӝW GzQJÿӝWELӃQÿѭӧFWҥRUDWӯTXi
WUuQKFKLӃX[ҥ ÿRҥQWKkQVWRORQVTifway II trong QăP 1990, WҥRWKӇWDPEӝLQ [
EҵQJFKLӃX[ҥWLDJDPPDӣPӭFÿӃQ 9.000 radian WӯQJXӗQ cobalt - 60.
TifEagle ÿm ÿѭӧF KӧSWiF WҥRUDEӣL USDA - ARS YjĈҥLKӑF Georgia vào tháng 8
QăP (Darren Moore, 2010).
Ngoài tên TifEagle còn ÿѭӧF JӑL là ³7: - ´ ĈһF ÿLӇP FӫD dòng này là có lá
PӏQ màu xanh ÿұP và
WӕF ÿӝ WăQJ sinh FKӗL cao. 'zQJQj\ÿѭӧFOӵDFKӑQÿӇWҥRVkQ
Fӓ FKҩW OѭӧQJ FDR NKL FKӃ ÿӝ FҳW YӟL  PP KRһF WKҩS KѫQ ÿLӅX Qj\ WӕW KѫQ GzQJ
7LIGZDUI.KҧQăQJWҥR stolons cao KѫQ7LIGZDUI. Màu VҳF WKҧP Fӓ YүQ WӕW ngay Fҧ khi
11
có ÿLӅX NLӋQ OҥQK Tuy nhiên không FKӏX ÿѭӧF bóng che (Brosnan và ctv, 2008; Darren
Moore, 2010).
2.3 1KӳQJQJKLrQFӭXKӛQKӧSÿҩt
2.3.1 1KӳQJQJKLrQFӭXYӅ FiFYұWOLӋXWҥRKӛQKӧSÿҩW
7KHR'DYLVFyKDLQKyPYұWOLӋXOӟQGQJÿӇOjPKӛQKӧSÿҩWÿyOjYұW
OLӋXKӳXFѫYjYұWOLӋXY{FѫCác YұW OLӋX KӳX Fѫ bao JӗP than bùn, PөQ Jӛ UѫP
SKkQ« các YұW OLӋX vô Fѫ là các khoáng bao JӗP vermiculite, perlite và cát. Ngoài ra
có các YұW OLӋX SKә ELӃQ khác QKѭ ÿi Wә ong, diatomite, zeolite (Cale, Dan và Keith,
2000).
&iFYұWOLӋXKӳXFѫNKLWKrPYjROjPWKD\ÿәLWtQKFKҩWYұWOêFӫDÿҩWWăQJNKҧQăQJ
JLӳQѭӟFYjGLQKGѭӥQJQKѭQJYӅOkXGjLÿҩWFyWKӇEӏQpQ FKһW9uWKӃÿLӅXFҫQWKLӃW
OjWuPUDQJXӗQ YұWOLӋXY{FѫÿӇOjPQJX\rQOLӋXWUӝQYӟLFiW7UrQFѫVӣWұQGөQJ
ÿѭӧFQJXӗQQJX\rQOLӋXVҹQFyFӫDÿӏDSKѭѫQJYjQKӳQJÿһFWtQKFӫDFKúng làm làm
YұWOLӋXWUӝQYӟLFiWÿӇOjPQӅQ*UHHQ.
2.3.1.1 Khoáng Diatomite

CaO MgO SO
3
.ӃWTXҧ 71,0 14,0 4,2 2,2 0,8 0,2
(1JX͛Q&KLFͭFWLrXFKX̱QÿRO˱ͥQJFK̭WO˱ͫQJPhú Yên, 2010)
.ӃWTXҧEҧQJFKRWKҩ\KjPOѭӧQJGLQKGѭӥQJWURQJGLDWRPLWH khá caoÿһFELӋW&D
FKLӃPNKӕLOѭӧQJ
ĈLӅXQj\FKӭQJWӓUҵQJQJXӗQQJX\rQOLӋX3K~<rQOjORҥLGLDWRPLWH FyWKjQKSKҫQ
NKRiQJFKӫ\ӃXYӟLF{QJWKӭF6L2
2
.nH
2
O.
BӅ PһWGLDWRPLWHÿѭӧFFKROjFyFiFQKyP2+WURQJ silanol (Si-2+YjFiFFҫXQӕL
oxygen trong siloxan (-Si-O-Si-ÿk\FKtQKOjFác tâm KҩSWKө.
2.3.1.2 Khoáng Scoria ÿiED]DQEӑW
7KHR%ӝ7jL1JX\rQ0{L7UѭӡQJÿá ED]DQEӑWOjVҧQSKҭPFӫDQ~LOӱD
SKXQWUjRFKӍ FyWUrQ YQJ7k\1JX\rQ Yj PӝWVӕtW WҥLWӍQK ĈӗQJ1DL7X\QKLrQ
QJXӗQÿiQj\WұSWUXQJQKLӅXӣNKXYӵF[m&Kѭ0¶JDKX\ӋQ&Kѭ0¶JDYjKX\ӋQ
.URQJ1DWӍQKĈҳF/ҳFĈk\OjORҥLÿiFyOӛQKӓYӟLÿһFÿLӇPQKҽQKѭQJOҥLFyÿӝ
EӅQFѫKӑFFDRFiFKkPYjFiFKQKLӋWWӕW/RҥLÿiQj\GQJOjPJҥFKӕSOiWFiFKkP,
FiFKQKLӋWÿӇ[k\GӵQJQKjFӱDYjFiFF{QJWUuQK[k\GӵQJNKiFUҩWWӕW.
/jORҥLPDFPDED]DQÿLӇQ KuQKFyFҩXWҥR[ӕSQKLӅXOӛUӛQJQKҽYjGӉEӏSKi
Kӫ\+jPOѭӧQJFiFFKҩWNLӅPWURQJÿiFDR ULrQJ&D2 Yj0Q2[ҩS[Ӎ 20 %. Quá
WUuQKSKiKӫ\ÿiJLҧLSKyQJQKLӅX&DYj0J
&ҩXWU~FOӛ UӛQJJL~SWKRiQJNKtJҩSKjQJ WUăPOҫQVRYӟLEӅPһWNӃWFҩXWK{QJ
WKѭӡQJFyYDLWUzQJăQFKһQVӵWKRiWKѫLQѭӟFJLӳҭPFKRÿҩWFyWKӇWUӝQYjRÿҩW
QKѭFKҩWSKөJLD9jQyOjPӝWJLiWKӇWUӗQJFk\OêWѭӣQJ
7ҥLEuQKÿӏQKÿiED]DQEӑW phâQEӕӣÿӝFDRWӯ PÿӃQJҫQ m. Bazan
bӑWYjED]DQtWEӑWFyPjX[iP[iP[DQKSKRQJKyDFyPjXYjQJYjQJQkXÿӓ, tùy
WKHRPӭFÿӝSKRQJKyD%D]DQFKXDEӏSKRQJKyDUҳQGzQED]DQSKRQJKyDPӅPEӣ

O
3
Al
2
O
3
MgO CaO P
2
O
5
TiO
2
MnO
0-20 29,17 10,25 6,80 1,07 2,83 1,34 - 0,25
20-70 36,21 9,00 10,62
1,00 2,70 0,15 - 0,19
(1JX͛Q: 7U̯Q9ăQ&KtQK
.ӃWTXҧEҧQJFKRWKҩ\KjPOѭӧQJGLQKGѭӥQJWURQJÿiNKiFDR7URQJÿy&D2
FKLӃP0JFKLӃP
2.3.1.3 Khoáng Limonite
LiPRQLWH Oj PӝWTXһQJ EDR JӗP WURQJ PӝWKӛQ KӧS FӫD VҳW (III) QJұPQѭӟF
hydroxit-oxide. Công WKӭFFKXQJOj)H22+.nH
2
2PһFGÿLӅXQj\OjNK{QJKRjQ
WRjQ FKtQK [iF QKѭ OLPRQLWH WKѭӡQJ Fy FKӭD PӝW OѭӧQJ NKiF QKDX FӫD R[LW VR YӟL
hydroxide.
&QJYӟLKHPDWLW QyÿmÿѭӧFNKDLWKiFQKѭTXһQJÿӇVҧQ[XҩWVҳW Limonite có màu
VұPYj màu vàng-nâu. 1yOjPӝWFKҩWY{ÿӏQKKuQK UҩWSKәELӃQPһFGFyWKӇJһS khó
NKăQÿӇWuPWKҩ\NKLNKDLWKiFYӟLKHPDWLWYjTXһQJERJ Limonite kK{QJEDRJLӡOj
NӃWWLQKWKjQKWLQKWKӇYƭP{QKѭQJFyWKӇFy ӣGҥQJ VӧLKRһFFҩXWU~FYL mô. 0jXVҳF

3KkQKӳXFѫ 5 5 5
0 0
(1JX͛Q1JX\͍QĈͱF'NJQJYj 1JX\͍Q7K͓.LP7KRD
.ӃWTXҧ17 ÿҥWVLQKWUѭӣQJFDRQKҩWYjQJѭӡLWDNӃWOXұQUҵQJFKҩWKӳXFѫWӍOӋFDR
trong tKjQKSKҫQVRLOPL[NK{QJPDQJOҥL NӃWTXҧWӕLѭX YӅVLQKWUѭӣQJPjSKҧL NӃW
KӧSKjLKzDYӟLFiWWX\QKLrQWӕFÿӝWKҩPFӫDQyNKiQKDQKJLӳҭPNpP&zQFiF
QJKLӋPWKӭF FKӭD QKLӅX KӳXFѫWKuQJѭӧF OҥL17 OjQJKLӋPWKӭF WULӇQ YӑQJQKҩW
7X\QKLrQFҫQNKҳFSKөFQKӳQJQKѭӧFÿLӇPQyLWUrQYjKӑÿmÿӅQJKӏF{QJWKӭFVDX
70 % Cát, 10 % than bùn, 10 % tURWUҩX, 10 % SKkQKӳXFѫ
15
2.3.3 1KӳQJQJKLrQFӭXQJRjLQѭӟF
Trong thí QJKLӋP FӫD C-H. Ok và ctv (2001), ÿm WKӵF KLӋQ thí QJKLӋP YӟL EӕQ
QJKLӋP WKӭF California (100 % cát), USGA (90 % cát, 10 % than bùn), California-P
(82 % cát, 15 % ÿi Wә ong, 3 % humat), California-Z (85 % cát, 15 % zeolite). .ӃW TXҧ
là QJKLӋP WKӭF California-P và California-Z có màu VҳF và FKҩW OѭӧQJ WKҧP Fӓ WӕW KѫQ
so YӟL QJKLӋP WKӭF còn Oҥi. Tính WKҩP và WUӑQJ OѭӧQJ UӉ FӫD QJKLӋP WKӭF California-Z
ÿҥW cao QKҩW so YӟL ba QJKLӋP WKӭF còn OҥL Hàm OѭӧQJ dinh GѭӥQJ trong ÿҩW QKѭ CEC,
Ca, Mg ӣ QJKLӋP WKӭF
California-P ÿҥW cao QKҩW Hàm OѭӧQJ dinh GѭӥQJ ÿҥP lân ÿҥW
cao QKҩW ӣ QJKLӋP WKӭF California-Z. .ӃW TXҧ cho WKҩ\ hai QJKLӋP WKӭF California-P
và California-Z có GҩX KLӋX WӕW cho Vӵ sinh WUѭӣQJ FӫD Fӓ
7KHRQJKLrQFӭX FӫD0DUYLQWKuWKDQ EQFKLӃPWӕLÿDOj % trong
KӛQKӧSFzQÿӕLYӟLWKjQKSKҫQVpWWKuWӯ - 8 OjWӕW7UѭӡQJKӧSOӟQKѫQWKu
ÿҩWGӉEӏQpQĈӕLYӟLWKӏWFiWUҩWPӏQWKuWtQKFKҩWFӫDVpWQrQFNJQJJLҧPKjPOѭӧQJ
Qj\7\YjRWKjQKSKҫQFiFKҥWNKiFQKDXPjFyWӍOӋKӛQKӧSNKiFQKDX+ӑÿmÿѭD
UDF{QJWKӭFNKҳFSKөFÿѭӧFQKѭӧFÿLӇPFӫDFiWĈyOjFiFKӛQKӧS+H): HH1 (85
% cát thô, 15 % than bùn), HH2 (35 % tKӏW, 15 % than bùn, 50 % cát thô), HH3 (10 %
spWQһQJ, 15 % than bùn, 75 % cát thô9ӟLFiWWK{FyNtFKWKѭӟc (0,2-PPFiWPӏQ
YjWKӏW002 ± 0,2 mm), sét (< 0,002 mm).
Wayne Crawley và David Zabcik (1985) ÿm nghiên FӭX VӱGөQJÿiWUkQFKkX