TRANSMISSION &
DISTRIBUTION
A Division of Global Power
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY CALCULATION TRAINING
D3
Sl ti fG
D
ay
3
-
S
e
l
ec
ti
on o
f

G
overnors
November 20, 2013Prepared by: Mohamed El Chehaly
eBook for You
OUTLINE
2
OUTLINE
• Types of Governors
• Governors Models in PSS®E
• Identification of Typical Exciters
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3
TYPES OF GOVERNORS

individual plants
 Because of the wide variety of individual
turbine controls, the principal effects of
governors (steam turbine, gas turbine,
nuclear and hydro plants) are
nuclear

and

hydro

plants)

are

represented
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Principle Scheme of Speed Governors
5
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Principle

Scheme

of

Speed

Governors
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th
e
rotor of a synchronous generator

Steam boilers convert the thermal energy

Steam

boilers

convert

the

thermal

energy

from the combustion of fuels into steam

The focus will be on the steam turbine

The

focus

will

be



Ati (
il
t)tbi

A
c
ti
on
(
i
mpu
l
se-
t
ype
)

t
ur
bi
nes
 Potential energy of water is converted into
pressure and then into kinetic energy by passing
pressure

and

then


TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Reaction turbines
 The entire flow from the headwater to tailwater
takes place in a closed circuit conduit system

E t t f th ki ti f t

E
x
t
rac
t
power
f
rom
th
e
ki
ne
ti
c energy o
f
wa
t
e
r
 Require large water flows to produce significant

TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Francis turbine (up to 360m)
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Hydraulic Turbine
13
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Kaplan turbine (up to 45m)
S
Vith
S
ource:
V
o
ith
Siemens
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Gas Turbine
14
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Gas

Turbine
 Small gas turbines use centrifugal
compressors


Turbine
 Simple-cycle single shaft gas turbine
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Gas Turbine
16
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Gas

Turbine
 Combined-cycle
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17
GOVERNOR MODELS IN
GOVERNOR

MODELS

IN

PSS®E
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Turbine
Governor Data
18
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Turbine
-
Governor


 Its value lies between 0 and 0.5 p.u. for
hd t bi
h
y
d
ro
t
ur
bi
nes
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Generic Model for all T
yp
es of Turbine-
19
EXCITER MODELS IN PSS®E
yp
Governors

IEESGO

IEESGO
 General purpose turbine-governor model
 Gives a
g
ood re
p
resentation of a reheat steam
gp
turbine

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Steam Turbine Models
21
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV1
 Sim
p
le model re
p
resentin
g

g
overnor action and
ppgg
the reheater time constant effect
 The ratio T
2
/T
3
is the fraction of turbine power
developed by the high
pressure turbine
developed


Steam Turbine Models
22
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models

TGOV1

TGOV1
 Typical parameters:
R = 0.05 pu
T
1
= 0.50 s
T
2
/T
3
= 0.3
T
5t 9
T
3
=
5

t


that

represents governor action, a reheat time constant
and the effect of fast valve closing to reduce
mechanical powe
r
 T
1
represents the governor time constant

K i th f ti f th t bi th t i

K

i
s
th
e
f
rac
ti
on o
f

th
e
t
ur
bi

e
i
n
t
ercep
t
va
l
ve
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Steam Turbine Models
24
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV2

Unique model where the user must supply the

Unique

model

where

the


,
a

user

wishes fast valving to begin when generator speed
deviation exceeds 0.01 pu
eBook for You
Steam Turbine Models
25
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV2

Model

Model
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