Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi lớp 6
TENSES
Present
simple
S + V(s-es)
(be): am- is- are
S + don’t/ doesn’t +V
1
S+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t

Do/Does + S+V
1
?
Am/Is/Are + S+…?
Everyday, usually,
after school, never,
often, sometimes,
always,
Present
progressive
S + am/is/are + V-ing S+am/is/are(not)+V-ing Am/ Is/Are +S+V-ing?
Now, at the present, at the
moment, at this time,
Look! Listen, !Be
careful!. Hurry up!
Give the correct form of these verbs:
1. The sun (set) ……………………………………………………………………………in the West.
2. It usually (rain) ……………………………………………………………………………in the summer.
3. They (build) …………………………………………………………………………….
4. Bees (make) ……………………………………………………………honey.
5. They (get) ……………………………………………………………………on the scale now.

- Danh từ đếm được (countable nouns): book, student, table,
- Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable nouns): water, grass, information,
- Danh từ đơn (simple nouns): war (chiến tranh), bus (xe buýt),
- Danh từ kép (Compound nouns): world peace (hòa bình thế giới), bus station (trạm xe buýt),
3. Chức năng:
a. Làm chủ ngữ (Subject-): The children go to school every day.
b. Làm tân ngữ động từ và giới từ: (Object): The mother gave a cake to her son
c. Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (Sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look) (Complement): He is my best friend.
d. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (Sau call/ select/ name/ ) We call him Tom
II. Đại từ (Pronouns):
1. Đònh nghóa: Đại từ là những từ dùng thay cho danh từ.
2. Phân loại đại từ:
a. Đại từ nhân xưng (Personal pronouns): có 2 loại:
- Đại từ làm chủ ngữ: I/ We/ You/ They/ She/ He/ It
- Đại từ làm tân ngữ: me/ us/ you/ them/ her/ him/ it
b. Đại từ chỉ đònh: This/ that/ these/ those
c. Đại từ bất đònh: (Chỉ người) someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, everyone
(Chỉ vật) something, nothing, anything, everything
3. Chức năng: Giống danh từ
III. Tính từ (Adjectives):
1. Đònh nghóa: là từ dùng để miêu tả hoặc cho biết thêm chi tiết về danh từ .
2. Phân loại:
a. Tính từ miêu tả: SIZE + SHAPE + AGE + COLOR + NATIONAL + MATERIAL
. (kích thước + hình dạng + tuổi + màu + quốc tòch + chất liệu)
b. Tính từ sở hữu: my/ our / your / their / her / his/ its
c. Tính từ chỉ số lượng: much/ little/ few/ a lot of / plenty of / each/ every/ another
3. Chức năng:
a. Bổ nghóa cho danh từ: A beautiful girl
b. Bổ nghóa cho đại từ: Something new
c. Đứng sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look vàbổ nghóa cho chủ ngữ; He looks happy.

10. Danger Endanger Dangerous Dangerously Nguy hiểm
11. Death Die Dead Cheat
12. Depth (độ sâu) Deepen (làm) Deep Deeply Sâu
13. Difference Differ Different Differently Khác nhau
14. Difficulty Difficult Difficultly Khó khăn
15. Excitement Excite exciting Excited/ ing Excitingly Hào hứng
16. Friend/ - ship Friendly Bạn bè
17. Fluency Fluent Fluently Trôi chảy
18. Harm Harm (gây hại) Harmful/ less Harmlully/lessl
y
Hại
19. Happiness Happy Happily Hạnh phúc
20. Health Healthy Healthily Mạnh khoẻ
21. Invention Invent Inventory Phát minh
22. Laziness Lazy Lazily Lười biếng
23. Length Lengthen Long Dài
24. Nation/ ality Nationalize National Nước/ qtòch
25. Nature Naturalize Natural Naturally Tự nhiên
26. Pollution Pollute Polluted Ô nhiễm
27. Practice Practice Practical Practically Thực hành
4
28. Prevention Prevent Preventable Ngăn cản
29. Reason Reason Reasonable Reasonably Lý do
30. Science/ Scientist Scientific Scientifically Khoa học
31. Strength Strengthen Strong Strongly Mạnh
32. Success Succeed Successful Successfully Thành công
33. Warmth Warn Warm Warmly Ấm áp
34. Width Widen Wide Widely Rộng
35. Wonder Wonder Wonderful Wonderfully Kì diệu
IDENTIFICATION OF WORD FORMS

- ADV , S + V
-I have recently received my friend’s letter.
-The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
-Suddenly , he saw an accident.
IV. Chọn động từ: đứng ngay sau chủ ngữ:
- S + V:
-My mother bought a new bike yesterday.

V. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
He feels very ………… ……….………so he talks ………… ………. Anger
She looks………… ……….………in her new coat. Attract
He plays soccer ………… ……….……… Beauty
Nam is always ………… ………. He is on his …… ….……… this week. Business
Mr. Han is a ………… ……….……… driver. He drives ………… … Care
I live on ………… ……….……… highland in Dalak. Center
Hoa has a fine ………… ……….……… of stamp. Collect
5
His ………… ……….……… helps him successful. Curious
AIDS is a……… ……….disease Danger
Her parents’ ………… ……….……… makes her very sad. Death
Mai understands me ………… ……….……… Depth
There is no ………… ……….……… between my answer and his. Differ
We have a lot of ………… ……….……… in learning English. Difficult
The is an………… ……….……… football match this afternoon. Excite
We are very proud of our……… ………. Friend
He speaks English ………… ……….……… Fluency
If you smoke, it is ………… ……….……… to you. Harm
She sent her best wishes for my future………… ……….……… Happiness
He does exercise every morning, so he is very………… ……….……… Health
Exercises ………… ……….………your health. Strong

D. Join two sentences into one, use when/ while/ after/ before/ as/until:
1. It is warm. I go fishing. (when)

2. My father is eating. My mother cooks. (while)

3. I take a bath first. Then I eat. (before)

4. Mr. Quang waits for the farmer. The farmer comes. (until)

5. He will come tomorrow. We will welcome him. (When)

6. You will go the museum. You will see a lot of valuable pictures. (When)

ARTICLES

A. Mạo từ không xác đònh: A,AN Examples
1. A An : đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để giới
thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề cập hoặc lần đầu.
A ball is round.
I see a boy in the street.
2. An : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm.
A : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm.
an apple, an inkpot, an engineer
a book, a pen, house, a man,
3. Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với A European, uniform, universal, university, union,
eulogy, euphemism
4. Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với AN hour, heir, herbal, honor
B. Mạo từ xác đònh: THE Không dùng mạo từ xác đònh: THE
Đứng trước danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm
được ở số ít hay nhiều để giới thiệu một điều gì đã

5. Số thứ tự đứng trước danh từ: the first World War
Số đếm đi sau danh từ: World war one, chapter two
6. Tên các nước gồm nhiều từ: the U.S, the U.K
Tên các nước gồm một từ: France, Vietnam
7. Tên các nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano
Tên các môn thể thao: baseball, volleyball, soccer
7
8. Tên các cuộc chiến: the Korean war
Những từ không bò giới hạn nghóa: breakfast, lunch,
dinner, church, school, college, home, work, hospital
 A or An? The general rule is that we use a
before a consonant and an before a vowel:
a bowl, a car,a dog, but an ant, an elephant, an
insect, an orange, an urn
But, what is important here is not the way a word is
written, but the way it sounds. We choose a or an
depending on the sound at the beginning of the word
and whether it is a vowel sound or a consonant sound.
For example, take the word uniform. Although it
begins with a vowel - u - when we write it, when we
say it the first sound is /y/ which is a consonant:
uniform is pronounced ‘/junɪfɔːm/ so we say a
uniform
One word which is often confused is hotel. Some
people pronounce this word as /həʊˈtɛl/ so they would
write:
a hotel. But other people pronounce this word
as /əʊˈtɛl/ and so they would write: an hotel
 The Zero Article does not exist. It is a useful
term to use when describing how to use articles.

Excuse me, do you know what the time is?
Where's the toilet?
In these examples, the speaker assumes that the listener
knows what is being talked about.
Miscellanous In addition, the is used in the following
special circumstances
Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the
Mall; the White House, the United States of America
We use the definite article - the - when we talk about a
singular or plural noun which refers to a particular
member of a a group.
In this example the group is all men; we want to reference
a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.
Compare this with the indefinite article which refers to
any man in the group: A man in a hat.
parts of day/night midnight, midday, noon, night
days Monday, Tuesday superlatives the highest, the biggest, the oldest
festivals Easter ordinals the third man, the sixth wife
seasons & months Winter, February oceans, seas the Pacific, the Black Sea
years 1961, 1995, 2000 inventions
the wheel, the internal combustion
engine
buildings Buckingham Palace, number 10 titles
the Queen, the President, the
chairperson
streets
Acacia Avenue, Pall Mall,
Sunset Boulevard
rivers & canals the Thames, the Nile, the Suez
airports Heathrow, Gatwick public buildings

B/ So sánh hơn: (Comparatives)
Tính từ ngắn: S + V + ADJ/ADV- ER + THAN + S2
Tính từ dài: S + V + MORE + ADJ/ ADV + THAN + S2
C/ So sánh nhất; (Superlatives)
Tính từ ngắn: S + V + THE ADJ –EST + N.
Tính từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + ADJ + N.
This new house is as expensive as that one.
He ran faster than his friends did.
Films are more interesting than plays.
Ex: He is more intelligent than Peter.
Nam is the youngest student in his class
Winter is the coldest in the year.
Note: - Tính từ ngắn: 1 vần và 2 vần như: happy, pleasant, quiet
- Tính từ dài: các tính từ 2 vần trở lên như : interesting, beautiful, expensive
- So sánh các tính từ đặc biệt: good → better/ the best; bad → worse/ the worst;
little → less/ the least;many → more/ the most; far → farther/ further/ the farthest/ further
PREPOSITIONS
With IN: the morning, august, summer, 2006, uniform, hospital, bed, the world, debt, prison, English, the center of,
the middle of, some ways, addition, Vietnam, London, ink, the past/ future, case
With ON: Monday, Saturday morning, holiday, radio, subject, foot, a farm, a chair, the beach, the phone,
Christmas Day, the occasion, the south coast of, a picnic, the way to, time, a street, a floor, the right/ left,
sale, the corner
With AT: 5 o’clock, first, last, present, the moment, 16 years old, the age of (15), home, school, the bus stop, the
same time, a party, Mary’s house, the end of, the beginning of, night, least, once, times, work
With others: for a week/ fun/ reading/ a walk - from Paris to London, from nine to five- By Nguyen Du, by
shooting, by then, by the way, by far, by accident by car/ bus/ taxi/ plane - with smoke, with hands, out of
date/ work/ order
ADJ+ Prep: amazed, amused, delighted at – afraid of, angry with, bad at, good at, different from, fond to, familiar
with, famous for, proud of, interested in, kind to/ of, pleased with, useful for, worried about, similar to,
accustomed to

(put on/off, take off, turn on /off, throw away, see off
He puts on his shoes. = He puts them on.
I turn on the light, and then I turn it off.
8. S + V + O + noun clause
(learn, know, show, discover, decide, understand…)
I can understand what you said.
He showed me where the bank was.
9. There (be) + noun + prep phrase There is some water in the jar.
There were many students in the yard.
EXPRESSIONS OF QUALITY
1 - SOME: Trong câu khẳng đònh/ lời mời: - Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được và sốâ nhiều đếm được:
Ex: I like some milk. Would you like some milk?
2 - ANY: Trong câu phủ đònh và nghi vấn - Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được và sốâ nhiều đếm được:
Ex: I don’t like any milk. Do you like any milk?
* Các đại từ someone, somebody, something, noone, nothing, nobody, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone,
everything, everybody cũng dùng theo cách trên. Chú ý No = Not + any: nobody = not any body
3. MANY / A LARGE NUMBER OF/ A GREAT NUMBER OF/: (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được:
Ex: He has many books.
Ex: A large number of students in our school are good.
4. MUCH / A LARGE AMOUNT OF/ A GREAT DEAL OF /: (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được:
Ex: He has much time to play.
Ex: A large amount of
* How much/ How many cũng dùng theo cách trên:
Ex: How many eggs does she want? - She wants a dozen eggs.
Ex: How much beef do you want? - I want 200grams of beef.
5. PLENTY OF/ A LOT OF / LOTS OF (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ đếm được và không đếm được:
Ex: He has plenty of books. Ex: He has plenty of time to play.
* Very/ too/ so/ as + many/ much + noun
Ex: There is too much bad news on T.V tonight
6. FEW / A FEW/ LITTLE / A LITTLE: (ít, một ít, một vài)

Do you have less free time than Hoa?
C. MORE: So sánh hơn của (a lot of / many /much)
- Dùng kèm với danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm được
Ex: Do you have more hours than Hoa?
- Dùng kèm với tính từ dài (Từ 2 vần trở lên) - S + V + More + ADJ / Noun + than + S.
Ex: He is more tired than I.
8. MOST / MOST OF: (Phần lớn, hầu hết)
A. MOST + NOUN ( số nhiều :Most children / hoặc không đếm được: Most coffee)
Ex: Most children are fond of sweets.
Ex: Most coffee is new and good.
B. MOST OF + MY/ HIS/ HER/ YOU/ THEIR/ THE / THIS/ THAT/ THESE/ THOSE + N
Ex: Most of the boys in my class want to play soccer.
READING
D. Read and answer the questions:
I. Hi, My name is pike and this is my son. He learns in a big school in London. He goes to school from Monday to
Friday and doesn’t go to school at the weekend. At school, he studies may things. He is very much interested in math
and Physics because they are his favorite subject. At recess, Peter often plays basketball and he plays it very well. He
sometimes plays soccer after school. In his free time, he always listens to music and he learns to play the guitar. He
hopes he will become an engineer in the future.
1. Where does Peter learn?
2. What subject does he like?
3. What does he do at recess?
4. What does he do in his free time?
5. Does Peter want to be an engineer or a singer?
II We are all destroying the earth. The sea and the rivers are too dirty to swimming in. There is so much smoke in the
air that it is unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities. We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas
of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa can’t grow enough rice to eat. Wild animals are
quickly disappearing. We must save the earth.
a) Are we are all destroying the earth?
b) What are too dirty to swimming in?

What does Lan
,
s father grow?
 ………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………
5.
Where does Mai work?
 ………………… …………………………………………………………………
12