TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LƯƠNG THẾ VINH
!"#$%&
'()*+,*-.//
$
012345675389:NGUYỄN THỊ THU VÂN
.;95<679053=97>?:51@90A5BA03C90DEFGH9
IG5J7:KLMKNKLMO
#P.Q.RS$
T'!(:
!"#$%
&'()
*+,-./01/23&2456+7,
1+859"%//1"*:"
:;<-=!5
/+>-?!-@AB3-CA>D
T"UV:
N@EFG-$?;H
2#$IJK""1
2;F595L;L
:SWS$:
N4M#$N8$
&
.
XY90
T%*
FV-i8$=95@,)-5AB$''FVFg)Rc$-T
#PU-Y-iF<-Y(--U-[!95YF!R<-VjSU
JM58abZ-8,$k;
+<@A'--V-g,jlGYPI!5S=-m""1nFl-.@oW3A>
R!R!5S=-Ra?RMR!((--U-YU!-Y-gFGY[!95
-g,-[pRqfR'Fr-Fh$-g,sP'R-Y$?-YJ7SAt
RA>R!RU-Y@uP8Nv#IS=ND<-5U-Y!-
FGFDE-M$YFd$P9Q$Y<w-IR-5-[Xx:Y&y
@5)#$VFY!5S=-Ra?-i)-hJD(-
-U-YFrJ8P)Fa$'QRA>R!RS9-@->[_RA>
R!RS9-@QZY-w,FlF,!RS=-!-RA>R!RS9
-(--U-Y@5Fi-iRA>R!RTFQ3A>R!RTFQ
U-DFlNe-R=-)9-D-g,RA>R!RS9--zYF7B
N>SIYR!(-gFGY[!95-g,-[Y@uP8-5-[
#PU-MbD-!-TFQ@5U--G-[ZYN(-(-AS
VfR!-jSUJ-g,-!-d$
IS=RA>R!RTFQFr-J8-VDFZ'$?L;LY
U-DFP$?-@Tb,@@5@ABRa?Y-iW@(
FV@58-FA'R!@h-!--g,-[X
8,Y8-I<-5r-F!!N?FwQ@(-g,$?-{
-|P$GE@9N!RaJD?(AB{-|-i)I<-Y
1
b,8$P8-P9-N-5@KL;L-.P$?R=Y5r-F7T$?
L;L'$?-(@5r-F95F<-Vw?()!5S9
b,P5,Y-DP8YD[UFa$'QRA>R!RS9-+i-(P
ND$?--A,U-[UR!FAf-,@|-g,$E@58-
!5S=--!--[rN!-YSA'[U!-FG-U--g,->-D
@ABYE@9F95F<--g,-[-i[UjZ-TRCZ[ZU-S=Y
J?MYDA'-$>Y5Jl5Y[UR9$R!RPI-#_P<,
a-@|4-9FiY)89jlGFlF,j$IR5-
L;L_@AB3
TFQgiỏo dc o c, li sng cho hc sinh FAf--!-!-Mb,
$-<ANguyễn Nghĩa Dân, Đổi mới phơng pháp dạy học môn đạo
đức và Giáo dục công dân; Lê Thị Lan, Quan hệ giữa các giá trị truyền thống và
hiện đại trong xây dựng đạo đức. !5S=-39$9-Y@5Q
-?@E-<-g,$EQF95F<-FlT$9FDTFQ-T@w-
-g,-!-Y-zAT$9,@|-g,!5S=-F95F<-@5b!@E
R!@h-!-39$TL5FlF[-<$Zb,8),
59FG!5S=-A'8R!5S=-P,5FGYS9Q'$=-!5
S=-F95F<-PZ[Z-5D8@D)-w@FDTFQa-<-
b!@E!5S=-F95F<-?b,MS9-!-JG$?N5,-YTP
-!-JG$?N5,-jlG#Y@uP8RA>R!RASN5,
-Fh@->[_Fi!5S=-D'b,Y[b,YJ7SAtO<-
F95F<-YA'S{U-8-!-F95F<--5-[
AIY-!-!-M_Qi-FGN!-,FlFQ-IR-!-TFQQ
RA>R!RS9-YRA>R!RTFQ@5S9-Y-zA!5
S=-F95F<-YPZ[Z-5,Y-[YTFQIS=
RA>R!RTFQ@5S9RVW;?S'F95F<-X-A>@E
L;LP'R"3K$!5S=-F95F<-YPZ[Z-5-[E-A,-i
$G-?@E5-<$G-!--i8Z;!--?@E-g,-!-!-
M@55A'-95->[_POPIFh!-MDR=-E$hY
-<YU-8FQ-g,$E
/
OTi7c_75<e9538G<i9053=97>?
3.1. Mục đích
@->[_P$@o(TD-g,8-IS=RA>R!RTFQY
!-MFA,@,b@EDND$G[ZDS9!RIS=RA>R!R
TFQ@5S9RVW;?S'F95F<-X-A>@EL;LP'R"
K$!5S=-F95F<-YPZ[Z-5-[
3.2. Nhiệm vụ
!"#%
&'()*+''(.)ML
.#%S[,*-
.//$
MTMT .ng?o975?90<dA51@90A5BA9=?<`9cd
1.1.1. Các quan điểm về phương pháp nêu vấn đề
L9-TFQ)-?@E-<QiJeFVjT
85)IR1"2:"-g,DN…kkS9-TFQ
'(-T$G8ZMS9P$G8Af$'Qe-
4QRA>R!RS9-TFQY-!--<N5,-
!5S=-@55A'-FlFA,Qb,8$N!-,
†,P,@$5-5@KWS9-TFQP[Ua-<-b!@ES9
-J,57$8-95@,-!-EZ-iTFQYK$N(-(-_-[
-VMbD-!-TFQFiFhP?-Z-!-d$,$,559FG
I<-YK$UPU-e$)ND<-YNv#NvjM5$'YR!@h(
(--U-I<-YF7BE#PU-U$E?hP•G
-!-?N5,-$'Xx"p&*y
!5S=-4,C,€N5-5@KL9-TFQP5JG
-!-59FGAa-<--!-EZ-iTFQYSF9-!-TFQY-wO
wRFt-5-[_$<--VDFhMbDTFQFiYNh$@,-!-M
bDT-Z-qP8Zi,-g-Z-!-ND<-DRFAf-
d5C,Cd-dYS9--iTFQWiwR-5-[P$bd
N?)'-!-<-MbDTFQY'JM-T-g,-wY'P•
U-J8R!R!RS=ZANDRA>R!RM(-$
"
,$-|wRE$h-MP5-YF?Ni-<,FU${-g,[UE$
|)-!-MbDXx1p/y
C,Cd-db,8$JM-T-g,S9-TFQ-(PJ_O
•,FlFA,P9NDbMZF‡R-5AB-+iP[UJDFa@5ASY
@5I<--g,AB-Y@5-!-[•YPIRPIP5-FhE$@,
<,Y8-95@,EZ-iTFQP[U-gFG-g,!5
@5b!@EPP'RYF7B!5-z-gFGIR-5-[-i
NM#R!8YUFrTFQMbDTFQ
<J,YS9-TFQK$U-8Z-!-8$=S9-
@5@ABRa?A
Một là:@,J-5-[)@<-->JMY8F9YRqfR
'U-FTA'-QUYjlG#+7B@uP8Nv
#NvjM5A><
Hai là:a-<-YFQNh-[R!@h#PU-59FG@(8Y
Fr-J8P#PU-ASY[!95
Ba là:!5S=--5-[D'b,N5,-!5S=-)
Rc$-TF95F<-i@YR!@h-!-i--5-[
?b,8-[HS=RA>R!RTFQ@5S9-[}U-
8Z)8$=i@YiRRVE-5-[[UR!@h
58-MQRc$-T#PU-YF!R<-VU--G-[Z
1.1.2. Các bước chủ yếu trong dạy học nêu vấn đề
- Tình huống có vấn đề.
TFQFAf-@,FhS9-PTFQ-IRiP$'FZ'-
[Y-|@5N5,-Y@5U-EiN?RMPTFQ$'$P
TFQFlFAf-MbDYNh$8$@5U-D
4M-T-g,TFQ-IRP$G8$=-IR$FhU-8iY
-[RMAS_$<-FGTFTFQ-IR-ihP$G-‰Y
)e-$e-YPJM59FGE$ND$-!--@MPB-g,AB-
YN?RMJT-<-‰5-zFAf-jd$PTFQ-IR
P$jT8EZ-iTFQYJ_E-i)-‰N?F|‰-
[RMASY-!-d$-.F-@5P-ih@MPBFAf-EZ
-iTFQN?-.h8SA'S9-‰$-|h8SA'S9E
Zd5!5S=-4,C,\€N5EEZ-iTFQS5!5
FA,@,@5b!@ES9-RMF9FAf-J,FQN8
?,ABF!FIR@TSl$,ABf-g,$EYTPN
[,j.YABfA[Z@5F,=-@V,AB-5@,-g,Z
PABQPY5,5lYP?P-[‰Y-<ND-M9
Fi$A>$‡N?jDAF7B-z-#$q-,$EG?$Y
,,FlD-D-,$EFh-T$S<-G-[ZF,=-,FE
‚$-[-5@KFP$GAB-5DM5Y8-D-,P
Eb!A>$‡I-g,,,-iRMPF95F<-,
N?‹'-‰Y!-MFl-5-[M5PI@MPBF7B
FA'Fh-!-d$h-5FwQTFQ
kSUEZ-iTFQP$G8-P$N?SYF|‰Q
hJDN8$L5Fi@5EE8,YFABP-?
8--g,!5!5{FGA'S{Fh-
[-ih,$,TFQ_$<-FGRqfR'@EFG-g,-!-d$
- Giải quyết vấn đề
MbDTFQR=G-5TFQFlFAf-@,8$=-IR
-ihP@MPB-‰Y-<$5r-J!-J‰$GPIFh$YP(M$G
EZ-=h
;>[_FhMbDTFQPGSND<-@5[!-!5N5,
+PP8b,@Ei--TR-5-[)@<-N5,-
->JMYFlFAf-N5,-U-Nh$8$5@,->[_MbD
TFQ-|PZhJD-g,!5-[ZMbDTFQ-i
8bMY!5-V-cJ$G-!--F!5Y-,)TFQP'
)TFQ‰RqfR'@EFG-g,-[YwR-[DRND
<-sF>MFDR<-9R
*
,F59F|‰-[RMFG@<-YZ[ZFhM
bDTFQ!5-VNˆ5Pˆ5fOFh-[UMbDY95@,[U
<w-5-[JK-!-)-‰f$_YMbDsT
FQ!5-z-V@,)-‰MFYK$Ne-[@('Y
R!@h@(8-5-[C$ZFQ[}ND-[N?s
F95F<--!-$9+iP-!Z-Y@TPb,@DN?-iF95F<--!-
$9E-i-z?S=Xx:p/yAIAA_@7AB-g,4!-
P!5S=-F95F<--!-$9-5,-[s,7s,-
<-P‡5-MF<-P{
!5S=-F95F<-YPZ[Z-5D8@„P$G-VFr-J8b,
@-VD@5JZ-M8,NjlG-i)JA'--hJD
N?sY[@GY5P'Q$$rr@!-g,->-D@AB!-
FGN?(FDAA_YF95F<-YPZ[Z-g,$GJGRIS-A@5Fi
-i[ZPAf-[YDND-5F95F<--g,-[8,F,
@F[M$GJGRID8@„PABJD@5-IRp-i)
N??@V-?Y-,$‡p@G$-eRY-BJ9-Y[ZN?-iPO
A_Y$=-F(-p-9d5)-VV$ABY(-A_=Y[q
J!F7QY-5ABR!RPIYb,PAP9'-!-!@#i,@Q
ZYF95F<-@QZE@9[ZJ?Mh8@58-b,
8ES=-Js,Jl-g,FZAfN!P'-[F,_$<-J!5FGP5
9-5,FEjlG@!'@QZ-5@E!-g,S
G-,Y$GJGRI@5SY-gDPP'R@„YF,[,5
-G-[ZJ95PU-YR(Y@!F95POP$ABA-[F!VY
-[NDJu-!FhF!,YMbD${d5NhWjlG
FdX4!5-(VF,FQ-IRFDJ95PU--Z-FABYS5JM
A_s@|->F8HYR$M,M@$9FlND-!-d$
jH'J9$Eb!{Y8-@|?P'V-?@5-!-jA?Y
-HVYI$-(F!-MVY9,j5$rV,@J=-MFl
:
jM@,@5,FEY-5-!Af-Fl-,$‡YI$-(F!YD-MAB
[@,$ED[<-Sl$,ND-5SAPIJ<-jw-d5ZN
-g,-?,Y$~#$jM@,N5M"""""=!E[UY@5Fi-i
>/"•FZAfR9$R!RP,D;.(@#$""Y
@F,J-MA'--i&1/FZAfR9$GP,DY@5Fi
-i:""=-[F!,;5[ZR9$G-5T[UDNˆ$QA
)-#-<[,
Thứ nhất, vai trò của phương pháp nêu vấn đề đối với việc phát huy tính
tích cực của học sinh
G@5)$=--g,!5S=-F595PFM$JM5-5-5AB
-iNM#(-<'[UR!@h-g,jlG8F9CI!5S=-
FlW3A>R!R!5S=-Ra?RMR!((--U-YU!-Y
-gFGY[!95-g,-[pRqfR'Fr-Fh$-g,sP'R-Y$?
-pJ7SAtRA>R!RU-YNM#P$8-d5i$p@uP8N•
#IS=ND<-5U-p!-FGFDE-M$YFd$P9Q$Y
<w-IR-5-[Xx:p&y
3A>R!RS9-TFQF!R<-VFa$'33L8
,@5@ABd5A'(--U-i,59FGAB-3A>
R!RP?R!@h-5-[#PU-R!8EZYMbD
TFQ@5b!@EI<-U--G-[Z!-Œ'-!-
MS97ˆY-[-.JDdY'Y$PAB[•L9-
TFQR!FAf-((--U-UI<--g,-[?b,
M5PIYOND-!-MbD-g,$E@5IRhYb,FiND<-
AB-FAf-DRP$G@EFG$'+r-J8N-[JDFr-
‰@,FQ$E-A,JDE$-!-MbDTFQ@,P$GD
Zb,@Fh-IR?$Y-gFG3A>R!RwR-[
U$Ee$ND<-YU$E@w@,)NDPI[,NFl[•Nv
)NDPIP[URM!)b,Fh$@Y-i-#-<N5,-Y
S5-!-d$I<-FAf-AD-!-d$[}e$-e-ND<-Y'J-
[[e->+Q$,(FG-PIRYU!--IR-<N?=FG
-B5NDPI-g,!5L5FiYE@5JMAB-[U
<wY,$-YN>SIGPU-Z-i@5$~-5AB-[-.
-IRZY-iNDbMN-!-d$DRIPODJK-!-MbD
)TFQU-D
3A>R!RTFQwRAB-N?-.#FGY[!95
5r-[,PV$@5Q@ABfRrRRML5FiD@5J-Y!5
[HS=RA>R!RS9-TFQYFr@,-!-EZU-Ds,
POwYs,RqfR'$?-jTR!s-G-[Z5r-s59
FGI<-$AB--A,JDMF!RFh-[UMbDU
S5i@,[•-g,$EE8bM!5S=--g,-!-D-[}-,5
<TY[}wRM$PZ-=FGY[!-_Y-[[}-IRFV[,
$Y[?aY<wp<,YN@,5Fa'V-?YJ9JuQ)TFQ
F,S@,@5-G-[Z[}wR-5AB-FAf-@M8$Yi,M
TFQ$F,rRJDeYF7B-[JD@w@,FAf-J--5
-(JM$EsFiF!!YUFQ-.Y[•-g,$E
d5A'(--U-
Thứ ba, xuất phát từ đối tượng người học.
;ihiY-[P'R"F,_5P<,a,$-‰Y,$h
JDY#FGY[!95Y(--!$'$„P?(-h8$EEIY
RA>R!R!5S=-RMRqfR'$POYP<,a-zAP[_(-
8-g,-!-d$@58-[HS=RA>R!RS9--zIY
D!5-.[HS=RA>R!RS9-@QZ[}95-5-[
$PO-!MY„9@5B-YN?R!FAf-([!95-g,
-[AI8bM!5S=--g,D-[}9-D+r-J8P$?
-L;LY-!-d$sjd$FiP$?Ja@fY8--S9Z$?R=
G-QDZ@5Fi-i[U~PU-YFVADS9-g,!5-IR
U!-Y(--U--g,-[Y8--Z$?L;LP@TNiFZ
"
'-!-d$E$?-Z@sAfrQPOPIYVD-!-d$FQ
(--IR'$G@9!I5M$!YN?!RPU-${SDR
JFr-J8P-!-d$(-59FGh8JM$E3A>
R!RS9-TFQ[}ND-[-M$T<w>N8--
FAf-TRS{JK[UF!R<-V-g,$E@5U-S9-Y!5
-ihFA,@,)EZ-iO•,FZ'-[JK-!-Nh
$G--8Pb,Y[HS=F59J#Sd5YI$-(Fh-!-d$[e$,
DP)-[-N!Y‰,$,
4-9)AFh$$,P9-g,RA>R!RS9-TFQY
MS9TFQ@5RVW;?S'F95F<-X-|Fr@,QT
FQ8-S92--|-i)9-DTFA
Thứ nhất, VD!5-5@K[HS=RA>R!RTFQP
-VD@5S9RVW;?S'F95F<-XY@5b!@E
MS9P9([HS=RA>R!R@5[Z!5!-MD
FQ@,E-i@T(!5ABj[HS=m1•nYRVP'!5
.5M[HS=m11•nYI$-(-iFD&"•!5-A,J,5B[H
S=RA>R!RTFQ3A>R!R!5[HS=-gD{P
RA>R!R@QZYFr-J8PRA>R!RMM$(Fr@,-
‰N(-(-AS-5-[Ya-<--5-[FAf-MbD
TFQPb,FDJ-YQ!5a-<-M5PIi$A-
‰F>MY-[SS@MPB$-A,R!FAf-(#FGY
[!95-g,-[;i)!5[HS=RA>R!RTFQ
@5MS9A-A,U-[UF98bMENa-<--5-[
MbDTFQE!5(P8U-Y-!-Fr-‰-z-A,-=
hY@o@YNM#fO-5-[@MPBFwA'-|9-D
-g,E@9PS5!5-z-A,e$-e-QJM-T
-g,RA>R!RS9-TFQYNv#Fr-‰
Thứ hai, FhS9ZRVW;?S'F95F<-XF|‰AB!5
RM-iQN8$-$?J_ERA>R!RTFQP$G
RA>R!RS9--|$'$„YA>FZNiIS=?RMJT
-<!55-z-iNM#IS=RA>R!R+r-@A-g,
RA>R!RTFQPRMjSUEZ-iTFQYS5FiF|‰
!5RM-e-YPU,-[,5-5EZFiRqfR'FZAf
-[YN?-.N(-(-AS[!95$-|!-FG(--U-FD8-
@uP8F95F<-YPZ[Z-5-[;(EIYFhS9Zd5RA>
R!RYAB!5RMN?s@,S7-$?Y-<Y
JS9QGSE[}S{FD8bMAf-P9Yi95@,@9!
$8$‰-5-[S{FD-8-A''TFQJ,FV$!5
FA,@,5@,YRA>R!RTFQRqfR'-!-P'R-[N!
‰+Z'-!-P'R-@JE-.[HS=@5$<-FGTF
Tóm lạiYFh8--IR-g,-[F9NDbM-,5ERMNe-R=-
)9-D@Y!5-VRMI<-[[e-,@|-g,RA>
R!RFZ'$?-i-YRVW;?S'F95F<-Xi@YF7
BJDIS=NDfR$G-!-VfRPO),RA>R!R
TFQ'33LN!-K$R!(#FG[!95-g,-[Y
wR-!-d$U@A_>NP•GFG@5U-D
*
51@90K
!"#%&'
()*+''(.)ML,
*-.//$
KTMTv9551t907B7543a95e95A51@90A5BA9=?<`9cd
IS=RA>R!RTFQ@5$GBS9ABD
d5@EU[,
4A'-EZ-iTFQ8-FA,5EZ
-iTFQwRe$FAf-ND<--g,sGSYsN!8$^
K$F9FAf-$=-J-Fr@,EZ-iTFQ-ihSA'S9
$G-‰Y$GEZ[U${@5I<--g,Y?
w--!-d$[•MbD4-9)-‰-(,)T
FQNiY-ih[HS=-‰R=Y-‰f$_+Z'JIRE
Z-iTFQY@,)-‰MFANếu trong trường hợp
đó, em sẽ hành động như thế nào? Vì sao?, 5r- Nếu là A, em có cư xử như vậy
không?Vì sao?G[ZEZN!-FA,5-!-P59b,Fh$YM
DN!-,F|‰RMPU,-b,Fh$5FwRM-iPIR
PI)-e--g,$EQ[UPU,-Fiƒ$GJS9YRA>R!R
TFQ-VFAf-NDfR'RA>R!RS9-(--U-N!-@5@AB
T
+PJA'-?-qb,@bDFFD8-DRIND<-
-V-hMFD@5NMbDEZYP•GFAf-G
S-!-<-MbD$G-!-(--U-YU!-Y[!95
4A'-J,YIjˆYNDPI-ZP9ND<-Pb,FDG
SJ-@->[_M5PIMbDTFQ-g,-!-i$YI
jˆF!!$<-FGFwFe-g,NDbMF9FAf-YF!!-!--g,
-!-I@5EZ+7BYN!b!P95JGTFQY-Z
P9TFQ->JMPb,FDGSJ-