DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
HA
NOI
TRirdNG DAI
HOC KHOA HOC
TlT NHIEN
*********
BAO CAO
DlT
AN SAN XUAT
THlT-
THlT
NGHIEM
CAP DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA
NOI
Hoan
thien qui trinh san xuat vat lieu
loc
va thiet bj
\\x ly
mangan
trong
nuoc
ngam qui mo ho gia
dinh
MA
SO:
SXT-08-01
CHUTRIDU
AN:

Trirang
DHKHTN- DHQG Ha
Noi
CAC CAN BO THAM GIA:
1.
TS. Nguyen Hoang :
Truang
Dai hoc Khoa hoc
Tir
nhien
2.
PGS.TS. Le
Hiing
:
Truong
DHKHTN
3.
ThS. Hoang thi Huong
Hul:
Truang DHKHTN
4.
CN. Nguyen Dinh Duan : Truong DHKHTN
HA NOT-2010
1.
TEN
DU"
AN SXT-TN:
"Hoan thien qui trinh san xuat vat lieu loc va thiet bj
xu*
ly

DlT
AN SAN XUAT
THU
• • •
a.
Muc
tieu:
- Dieu che vat lieu loc xu ly mangan va mot so kim
loai
nang trong nuoc
sinh boat
tCr
nguyen lieu san
c6,
- Phan tich ham
lugng
mangan
truoc
va sau khi xu ly
- Thiet
ke,
lap dat thiet bj xur ly mangan c6 trong nuoc ngam a qui mo
nho su dung trong gia dinh thuoc khu vuc Ha Noi, Ha Nam.
b.
Noi dung:
- Nghien cuu kha nang xu ly cua mot so nguyen lieu co trong tu nhien:
khoang set, tro bay, pyroluzit,
Mn02
boat hoa.
- Nghien cuu kha nang ket dinh cua mot so chat polymer v6i vat lieu

62%) a nhiet do
800^C
c6 kha nang
xiic
tac
va hap phu
Mn^"^
c6 hieu suat
Ion
nhat.
3.
Dua ra dugc qui trinh dieu che vat lieu hat loc voi ty le (KL) nguyen lieu:
Bentonit-H: Pyroluzit : chat ket
dinh
: nuoc =1:2:1 : 0,5
4.
Da san xuat dugc 36 tan vat lieu hat loc nuoc
5.
Da lap dat dugc 50 bo he thong loc nuoc cho ho gia dinh va 3 tram xu ly cua
tap the.
6. Tham gia hoi chg cong nghe Ha nam (2008) va 2
Ian
hoi cho cong nghe Ha
noi (2008 va 2009)'
7.
Cong tac voi 3 cong ty c6 phan ve su dung hat loc va xu ly nuoc.
8. Ham lugng mangan, sat sau khi xu ly < 0,5
mg/1
dat tieu chuan nuoc sach
sinh boat TCVN -2005 Bo Y Te

Hoan
thjen
cong nghe
21,0tr
5.Chiphikhac
lO.Otr
Ha
noi,
ngay 05 th dng 04 nam 2010
Xac nhan cua BCN Khoa Hoa
PGS.TS.
Trjnh Ngoc Chau
Chu
tri du'an
PGS.TS.
Nghiem Xuan Thung
Co'
quan chu tri
dir
an
Tru^ong
DHKHTN
SUMMARY REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SUBJECT
1.
Title of project:
"Complete the technology of production of filtered materials and the
equipment to treate manganese in the underground water for household
supply".
2.
The code

6. The results of project
a. The main resuls in science and technology
1.
The modification of bentonite at conditions HCl 5% have been obtained.
The results showed that the maximum absorption of
Mn^"^
was
56,17%
on
bentonite -
H.
2.
The modification of pyroluzite at
800^C
was obtained. The results
showed that the maximum absorption of Mn was 70,39% when used the
active
Mn02.
3.
have been completed of the fabric technology of the filtered material with
the ratio of bentonite
:
pyroluzite : adhesive : water = 1:2:1: 0,5
4.
have been fabricated 30 tons of filtered materials
5.
have been fited 50 equipments to treat the manganese in the underground
water for the families and 3 stations to treat the water of the enterprise.
6. Colaborated with 3 companies to using the filtered material to treat the
water

oxy hoa 6
1.6.2.
Ket
tiia
duai dang cacbonat 6
1.6.3. Trao doi ion 7
1.7.
Tinh
cap thiet
ciia
du an 7
II.
Cac phuong phap nghien cuu 10
2.1.
Phuang phap hoa hpc 10
2.1.1.
Mangan va phuang phap xac dinh mangan 10
2.1.2. Kha nang lam chat
xiic
tac oxy hoa
cuaMn02 11
2.2.
Phuang phap phan tich nhieu xa
tiaX 11
2.3.
Xac dinh cac tinh chat vat lieu
11
2.3.1.
Xac dinh dp ben vat lieu
11

17
Anh huang
ciia
nhiet dp nung den dp hoat hoa
ciia
quang pyroluzit 18
Anh huang
ciia
ty le thanh phan hat
Ipc
den kha nang hap phu
Mn""
19
Xac dinh mot so tinh chat ca ly
ciia
vat lieu loc 19
3.3.
San xuat vat lieu hat
Ipc
20
3.4. Thiet ke he thong
xii
ly nuac cho ho gia dinh 20
3.5.
Ap dung trien khai 21
3.5.1.
Tham gia hoi chg trien lam cong nghe
21
3.6.2. t)an vi phoi hgp 21
3.5.3.

dang dugc quan tam dac biet boi nhieu nha khoa hoc va quan ly
ciia
nuac ta.
De gop phan vao cong viec nay, du an san xuat vai nhiem vu: nghien cuu
che tao vat lieu loc va thiet bi xu ly mangan trong nuac ngam qui nmo ho gia
dinh nham gop phan vao nhiem vu
xii
ly tao nguon nuac sach phuc vu cho sinh
hoat
ciia
con nguai.
1.
TONG QUAN
1.1.
Tinh
trang nguon nuac hien nay va
tinh hinh
su' dung nuoc.
Nuac la nguon goc
ciia
su song, can thiet khong nhung doi vai con nguai,
dong vat ma con doi vai thuc vat. Ngay nay nuac dugc thua nhan nhu mot tai
nguyen chien
luge ciia
moi quoc gia, va do la mot trong nhung nnguon tai
nguyen chu chot nhat
ciia
Trai Dat, bao dam su an toan thuc pham, duy tri su
can bang
ciia

dap ung: cu 5 nguai thi c6 mot nguai thieu nuac uong,
cii
2 nguai thi c6 mot
nguai khong dugc su dung he thong nuac dugc xu ly hgp ve sinh va 5 trieu
nguai chet hang nam vi diing nuac bj 6 nhiem
[2,5].
Trong tuang lai tinh trang khan hiem nguon nuac nggt va cung cap nuac
sach cang tro nen khan hiem do :
*
Su bien doi cua khi hau, xuat hien nhieu
viing
thieu nuac do kho han
han han keo dai.
*
Do phat trien va tang truong dan so
*
Su 6 nhiem nang ne
ciia
cac nguon nuac vi cac hoa chat doc hai dugc
su dung trong nong nghiep, cong nghiep,
Idiai
Idioang.
1.
2. Cac nguon nuoc tu nhien va chat
luong
chung
ciia
nguon nuoc
Nuac rat phong
phii

yeu la kim loai Natri, kali,
canxi, magie, vai ham luong tu 30 den 500mg/l. Sat, mangan co rat nhieu trong
v6
qua dat va chiing tan nhieu trong nuac vai nong do tu 1 den
10
mg
Fe/lit
va
0,1 den 3 mg
Mn/lit
chiing can dugc loai bo truac khi su dung vi no lien quan
den do
due,
mau sac,
sir
ket
lang
cac oxyt, phat trien cac vi khuan
[
2.4 ].
Nhu vay, nuac tu nhien la mot he bao gom nhieu hgp chat
phiic
tap:
v6
CO,
hu'u CO va sinh vat. Tuy thugc vao nguon nuac va tinh trang 6 nhiem ma
thanh phan cac hgp chat thay doi. Chat lugng cua nguon nuac nguyen khai va
tieu chuan nuac sach can dugc san xuat cho cac muc dich an uong, su dung
trong cong nghiep, nong nghiep.
1.3. Tieu chuan chat lugng nuac.

nuoc sach va ve sinh
[2,5].
Lien hgp quoc da xac dinh muc tieu cap nuac sach va ve sinh cho tat ca
moi nguai tren trai dat vao nam 1990. Do la mot cong viec rat nang ne.
That vay, theo to chuc y te the giai thi khoang 80% benh tat cua nguoi
dan tren the giai lien quan
true
tiep den nuac
luon
bi viem da day- rugt, benh
san, giun, sot ret
Vi du, Mangan la mot kim loai nang no co mat
Igi
va mat hai. Neu a ham
lugng nho c6
Igi
cho su phat trien
ciia
ca the, cho
sue
khoe, neu a ham lugng
Ion
nhu la mot chat doc co hai cho sue khoe. De lam giam ham lugng cac chat
doc hai c6 trong nguon nuac tu nhien chiing ta phai tien hanh xu ly nuoc nham
lam giam ham lugng cac chat doc gay anh huong tai sue khoe cua nguoi dan.
Bang
each
xu ly nuac, nguai ta nham san xuat nuac sach tu nuac
tho.
De

con nguai. Tuy nhien can phai han
chS
ham
lupna ciia
chiing trong nuac (Fe, Mn < 0,5 mg/1) vi ly do, chinh la cai thien chat lugng
cam quan cua nuac. Nuac
chiia
sat, mangan khong nhung gay ra mau va
\i
xau
cho nuac ma con lam cho cac sinh vat phat trien, khoi mao cho cac hien tupng
an mon. Viec loai bo sat, mangan trong
xii
xy nuac an uong thuc hien dong thai.
Viec loai bo sat, mangan la cong doan dugc su dung chu yeu de xu ly
nuac ngam.
1.5. Nguon goc cua sat va mangan
a.
Sat:
Sat la mot nguyen to co nhieu trong
v6
Qua Dat. Do hoa tan cua sat trong
nuac la ket qua
ciia
nhieu phan ling thuan nghich,
chii
yeu la phan ting thuy
phan
ciia
Fe"^"

Igi
hon sat
trong viec tach thoat cua mangan de ton tai trong moi truong nuac. Do do, nong
dp mangan trong nuac cung co ca xap xi nhu
ciia
sat.Va cung vi
ciing
mot
ngu}'en nhan nhiet dong hgc cua sat, mangan a trang thai hoa tan chu yeu la
cacbonat va bicacbonat mangan (II).
1.6. Cac phuong phap
khu
sat va mangan.
Co the giam nong do cua sat va mangan hoa tan trong nuac nha cac
phuong phap
ox\
hoa, ket
lua
duai dang cacbonat va trao doi ion. Vi oxy hoa
cho phep xu ly lugng nuac
Ion
va kinh te nen phuong phap nay dugc
ling
dung
nhieu. Lam ket
tiia
cacbonat rat thuan
Igi
co qua trinh lam
inf§m

tiia
nay dugc vat lieu hap phu tren be mat va dugc
giu'
lai va tach
ra khoi nuac bi 6 nhiem.
Phan tich can bang hoa hgc cac phuang trinh nhan dugc ket qua a bang
1.
Trong bang, ta nhan thay lugng oxy yeu cau khi oxy hoa mangan gap doi sat.
Mat khac khi cac phan ung xay ra co sinh ra cac ion
H^
c6 xu huang lam giam
do pH va do do giam van toe phan
ling.
Bang
1:
Cac chat can thiet
hogc
sinh ra khi oxy
hod
1 mg/ sat
hogc mangan bang oxy
Chat
O2
can thiet( mg/1)
H"
sinh ra (mg/1)
Tinh
kiem bi giam( mg/1
CaCOs)
Sat

+
COi^-
MHCOB
-^
Mn^^
+
C03^-
Cachangsotana25'CcuaKFe
=
10"'^'^
,KMn=10"^^'^
Phan tich ket qua cho thay tinh tan cua cacbonat sat nho nhat a pH =8, con
cua mangan la
10
Tinh tan
ciia
cacbonat la ty le nghich vai tinh kiem
ciia
nuac.
Vi the co the dat dugc nong do sat hoa tan be trong cac loai nuac tinh
kiem
Ian.
6.3
Trao doi ion
Nguai ta co the su dung cac be trao doi ion de xu ly nuac
chiia
nong
do sat (II) va Mn (II) thap.Vi du trong
nhijng
truong hgp cap nuac cho ho

tinh
thugc
Dong bang Bac bg, cac tTnh mien Trung, cac tmh dong bang Nam bg anh
huang den chat lugng nuac sinh boat, khong bao dam an toan ve sinh nuac
sinh hgat cua nguai dan, Theo thong bao
ciia
Bg NN va phat trien nong thon
hien nay ca nuoc co khoang
1
trieu ho gia dinh dang phai dung nuac gieng
khoan de su dung,
niiac
khong bao dam du tieu chuan nuac sach.
Viec nghien
cii'u
mot so nguyen lieu san co trong tu nhien nhu: than ,
tro bay, pyroluzit,
Mn02
hoat tinh, mot so khoang set
illit,
bentonit, zeolit,
silicagen de
xii*
ly cac kim loai, dac biet la sat, mangan. Da dugc cac nha
khoa hgc tren the giai quan tam nghien cuu [4,5,6 ]. O Viet nam dac biet
khu vuc Ha Noi, khu vuc mien bac, trung, nam dgc theo ba bien va cac con
song nhieu nguon nuoc bi 6 nhiem nang bai cac nguyen
to
kim loai asen,
sat, mangan, nhiem man vugt tieu chuan cho phep. Do do, viec nghien

4Fe^"
+ O2 +IOH2O ^ 4Fe(OH)3i +
8H"
2Mn^^
+
O2 + 2H2O ^ Mn02 i
+
4H"
*
Khoang set bentonit co cau
triic
lap
T-O-T
dugc the hien tren hinh 1 Vi
vay tren be mat hat bentonit tich dien am co kha nang
hiit
cac ion duang a lop
be mat, dong thai khoang
each
d lap cau
triic Ion
vi the cac phan tu
nii'oc,
phan
tii
hu'u
CO
de dang chui vao khoang
each
lap trong do lam cho khoang set c6 tinh

r
HX
F
'ctJ
Lop
tur dL^a
Lop bat
ditia
Lop
ti> dL^a
I Ktioaag tcd'ag
O
AL,Fe.Mg,LL
e
OH
• O
(T;
LLNa.Rb.Cs
Hinh 1
Cau
true
tinh the khoang set bentonit
.1^
Chiing
CO
kha nang trao doi cac cation M + M~
*->
M'
- Hap phu cac ion va phan tu vi the chiing co the lam sach cac cation kim
Igai,

phu&ng
phap xac dinh mangan:
Mangan la nguyen to tuong doi boat dong, a nhiet do thuong mangan de
bi oxy hoa, tao thanh mang
MuxOy
bao phu ben ngoai kim loai bao ve cho kim
loai khong bi oxy hoa tiep, Nen, tu
lau
mangan da dugc ung dung rgng rai trong
nhieu
ITnh
vuc: vat lieu tu, hgp kim, vat lieu hap phu, vat lieu
xiic
tac oxy hoa
chgn
Igc,
Mn02
tren nen cac bentonit, diatomit, cat thach anh dugc diing de loai
bo cac hgp chat dgc hai trong nuac, nuac thai,
Co nhieu phuang phap xac dinh mangan:
Khi ham lugng mangan Ion co the diing phuang phap phan tich khoi
lugng, phan tich the tich, khi ham lugng be diing phuang phap phan tich trac quang.
Xac djnh Fe(II), Mn(II):
Nguyen tac:
Chiing toi tien hanh bang phuong phap chuan do:
6Fe^"
+ Cr207^'+
14H^
^
6Fe^"

Mn04"
la chat c6 kha
nang hap thu quang a
>.
= 525
nm,
8 =
2300 L/mo! cm. Phuong phap do
su'
dung
lam
xiic
tac cho qua trinh oxy hoa, kha nang nay dinh luong cho phep xac dinh
Mn
i<hi
ham
hrona
cua no tu 0,005
- 10
m,a/l.
2,L2,
Kha nang lam
chat xiic
tac oxy hod cua
Mn02:
Mn02
CO
the lam
xiic
tac cho phan ung oxy hoa de tach loai Fe, Mn trong

tia tai lam
cho dien tu cua nguyen tu trong mang tinh the dao dong, va tao ra tia thu cap
phat ra
biic
xa
ciing
tan so vai tia X. Do, chiing giao thoa vai nhau. Khi chieu
mot
chiim
tia X dan sac co buac song xac djnh di qua mot he tinh the, trong
tinh the ta chgn 2 mat fang
niit
song song vai nhau co
klioang each
d, goc hgp
bai tia tai va mat phang
niit
la
0,
neu hieu quang 16 bang mot so nguyen
Ian
buac song
X
theo phuang trinh
Vulf-Bragg:
2dhkiSinG
= n
A.
Trong do:
dhki

10
g vat lieu hoa tan trong nuac, axit HCl co nong dp 0,01N
^
0,00IN,
vai thai gian 1,10, 20, 30 ngay. Sau do xac dinh khoi lugng cua vat lieu con lai.
2J,2.
Xac dinh do xop vd khoi luong rieng
ciia
vat lieu
Do xop dugc tinh bang phan tram the tich rong cua \at lieu so \'ai the tich
ciia
vat lieu
6*
trane
thai tu nhien.
^v«^
V.JX
v*v
-v.^
—to jj^-«ang
phap
Ascimet:
pi
=
m^.
Pi/m^
-m, ;
po
=
m^

%)
m^:
Khoi lugng mau kho ( g)
mu;
Khoi lugng mau uat ( g)
mi:
Khoi lugng mau trong chat long ( g)
12
-
IS.11.1 KJVJK
VA
inAU LUAI>
3.1.
Thuc nghiem:
5.7.7.
Nguyen
lieu,
hod chat vd thiet bi:
- Cac hoa
chSt:
KMn04
,
(NH4)2S208,
HNO3,
FeS04,
MnS04
,
AgN03
tinh
khietTQ

dung dich HCl co nong do thay doi tu
1
,3,5,7, 9%, khi thay khi thoat ra thi bat
dau xac djnh, dong thai khay lien tuc trong 5 gia. Lgc hon hgp thu dugc, tach
lay phan set tren phieu lgc,
rija
sach bang nuaccat cho tai khi het ion
CT
(thu
bang d.d.
AgN03
0,1% cho tai khi khong con xuat hien ket tua trang). Say
klio
san pam thu dugc a
SO'^C
trong 8 gia. Nghien san pham thu dugc tren may
nghien bi va ray qua ray co
0,03inm.
Bgt thu dugc la Bentonit-H.
Ket qua set bien tinh dugc khao sat bang qua trinh hap phu Mn"* trong
dune
dich
*
Phuong phap hap phu tach ion
Mn"*
trong nuac:
Qua trinh hap phu dugc tien hanh: can 10 g bentonit-H cho
\'ao
coc 250 ml
chua 100 ml

Trong do:
Co
la nong do
Mn^^
truac xu ly,
Ce
la nong do sau khi
xii
ly.
b. Nguyen lieu quang pyroluzit (
Mn02
)
* Hoat boa quang pyroluzit bang nhiet do;
Diing can phan tich can chinh xac mot lugng 10 gam mau cho vao
Ian
lugt
cac chen nung, tien hanh khao sat nhiet do nung trong 16 dien, vai toe do
nang nhiet 107phut, luu trong thai gian 60
phiit
a cac nhiet do nung 500, 600,
700,
800,
900^C
. Sau khi ket
thiic,
de nguoi tien hanh xac dinh cau triic tinh the
bang p.p XRD va kha nang boat hoa
xiic
tac
ciia

nghien trpn
tren may co do nhot thich hgp, roi dugc tien hanh tao hat bang may ve vien. Hat
dugc say
kho,
sau do tien hanh xy
ly
do pH, hat dugc ngam chiet trong be chua
nuac,
khi hat dat pH
=
7 - 8. Hat dugc vol ra lam kho tu nhien a nhiet phong,
sau do dong goi.
trong nuac (muc
2.1).
c. Xac dinh do ben vd khoi luong rieng cua hat
loc
Can tren can phan tich 10 g hat lgc, chuyen vao day coc
chiia
100 ml
nuac
c4t,
HCl nong do 0,01;
0,001;
0,0001;0,00001
N khao sat do tan
ciia
hat
lgc theo thai gian 1,10, 20, 30 ngay, sau do xac dinh khoi lugng cua hat. Do
ben dugc tinh theo cong thiic
%)

Phoi kho va dong goi san pham.
Chiing toi dua ra qui
trinli
dieu che hat lgc nuac nhu sau:
15
HCl 5%
nung a
800"C
w
ir
Bentonit-H + pyroluzit boat hoa + phu gia, nghien, trgn
'r
Hon hgp tao huyen phu
+
Chat ket dinh, nghien trgn
1'
Hon hgp + nuoc, trgn
1
Tao hat bang may ve vien , say kho
1
r
Ngam, ru'a bang nuac den pH = 7-8
1
Say kho san ph
'
^
1^
'
am
*' Uon

CaO
0,9
ZnO
0,1
NiO
0,03
ig)
CuO
0,65
CoO
0,08
Bang 3:
Thanh
phan hod hoc cua khoang bentonit
Thanh phan hoa hpc cua cac nguyen to ( % khoi lugng )
Si02 AI2O3
58,5 17,5
Fe203
7,5
FeO
1,3
MgO
1,5
CaO
2,8
K2O
1,1
Na20
0,9
1

0,7461
25,39
9
1,00
0,8944
10,56
Bang 4 cho ta thay kha nang
hSp
phu
ciia
bentonit sau khi bien tinh bang
HCl t6t han so vai khi chua bien tinh va dat hieu suat cao nhat khi
sii
dung
dung dich
.HCl
5%. Tuy nhien khi
sii
dung n6ng do HCl tang thi kha nang
hSp
phu cua Bentonit-H giam. Nguyen nhan do HCl hoa tan mot so khoang
canxi, mhom co trong bentonit, vi vay no lam tang ty le
Si02;
AI2O3
trong
DAI HOC QUOC
G./^
HA
NQI
TPUNG