



 !" !#$"%$&$'
($)$*+,-./+ +$0$1$" !
$&0*#20$'3456$5$&$
($178$$$"09)$":#
;$<$*6(=>?+7.)$$1@-"
$"#20$$<$.$07$1$A"0+ BC6&
7?D$0$1&$*$B$?7?+@,8$E6$+($$
,,@+$. 96$ 3"F?$+G,H+*
$5,,6$C6?"-+I"G#J*-
-"7.)$$/ 94$"#K.
)$/L"$&+7M6$'$-"
"0$+$. 9N"'+O+PM+$0$+IN-&"?$.
$0($$Q1! !7?#; $D0+-
+,-.4/6,$+"$<$."$>
":#
; $D0,1$ *+6$ 36$6-
,-,R6$ 36$6&$@($'6$$96E6
$&($($G+$&$.0> 9*6$*M($D
$S"F6B 9>-E#T5($H6$M
$<$ 95"6$ 36$6&$+ !@%"
$&$-0$.-5$%$.B7MUVW#
UVW 9$5$.$-$($+6$534
$.")$"M)$ <+$96$/+"$%$$+6$?)$"
- 9$&07<.+E,.($-G(1<7<.$)$7<
.($#UVW"M"0$+*($$X$($
$"'$- 9B7M@$+$&+
Y$D$0($1+N@$$$Z?"$.6#

$%&'()&&'*+,& 
$/0!
(.=;57>!9:
2.1.1.1. Bản đồ
_$&($."&,-+?"($."")$6$S
$$/a
bBản đồ là sự biểu thị thu nhỏ của bề mặt trái đất lên mặt phẳng, được
xây dựng trên cơ sở toán học và phản ánh sự phân bố trạng thái và mối liên hệ
tương quan của các sự vật, hiện tượng tự nhiên, xã hội loài ngườicmn#o#
U$ "+]pqrs#tpu
bBản đồ là sự biểu thị bằng ký hiệu về thực tế địa lý, phản ánh các yếu tố,
các địa điểm một cách chọn lọc thông qua nỗ lực của các tác giả bản đồ và
được thiết kế và sử dụng khi các quan hệ không gian là các vấn đề được ưu
tiênc#tvu
bBản đồ là lĩnh vực hoạt động khoa học kỹ thuật thu nhận các thông tin,
dữ liệu từ quá trình đo đạc, khảo sát thực địa để biểu thị bề mặt trái đất dưới
dạng mô hình thu nhỏ bằng hệ thống ký hiệu và màu sắc theo các quy tắc toán
học nhất địnhc#tqu
2.1.1.2. Hệ thống thông tin địa lý
#T8$$Y
J.$$81H"$$$.$+@
$%$$$$<G"rd$1(= 6$5/"0$$<
G">?#
UVW 9O7M$R"NO,6$($m,-
sH$$)$+6$MM$B+$0$-
$0$A@$$S#
i+4$&$1+UVW@4$$M9
L618$$>$1$0($1eN@$+$+
6$'+6$$-"$0$IUVW($-G9L63
$)$6$+$-+7$$.6+$?I$ 9$.

6$>3,-a{$>B+6$>"&"+347<. !O7M#
* Phần cứng:2"$.$")$$1,80($-
G$D$.$BG$*6$mV6s+N/$m|6s
NO$6$>"&"#J.$""$mAAs+"
($$mAs+"CmAs+"m6As 9(1$
"0Zni$VAA#
* Phần mềm: T(}"$.$$1,8UVW4"$.
6$>"&"$5q$"$BG?a
q
 ei$*6$($$$)$($
$#
 eZ <+&$X$+*6$*S$B$($
$$)$#
 e{$?)$,1S$347<.$R"-1,
 "$%$"6$Q($e$!#
 eJ5$8%$,$7 70($$+,.
6$6($$#
{$>"&" 96$?$$,6a$.&$$+$ 3%$.
)$E,.$ 3%$B7M#
* Cơ sở dữ liệu: UVW6$-,""347<.$B$
($m$8aE6N+$.6$~$E8s
$$)$(1$E$•$ 9S$B$A"
$$$/8$#;$! 9"-$ "(5$)$E
,.#€$.  9,57l$$($$E$
)$#
Hình 2.1. Cơ sở dữ liệu của GIS
* Cở sở tri thức (Người sử dụng): _$.UVW($$5($
 !$"-$.$6$5B7MUVW$D
1#i !O7MUVW$5$(k$*+ !$1(1$3
$>$< !7UVW5-1/&.#

6NA$Q$% 9 9"-$)$N#["E6$~$B
>6NA0$$A#_/L$ ! 967M5"-
 9+$. 96$?,M($+75 <$
r
70-$m-$"E/+$($+PM###s#[70"$%$,57l
,&"E$ Kz[mDigital Elevation Models+K;[mDigital Terrain Models+;Vi
mTriangulated Irregular Networks_WKZP$70A#
•5"/L7<.70A7l$D$.$BG
NO6$?)$#;)$$$+$D$.6$C6,-7l
7#Kl7(17<.l$"#_/LA$ 95"
(C"$)$N&8)($ 9#^$6$?-$/6
m()$$ 6NAs$%D.$G
+ Cấu trúc vector:_/LA"-8)6$0"
 9($,R(1$96$%$$"L+0$+"E
$.<$L#o&"E$%$$+ 9 96$?,.$$w
70a 9705"m6s+ 970 !mAs 9
70mA$6s#T5" 9N8$,R"E6`+‚#
T !"$:E6`+‚M#o($-($
 9$0,4"*6$96E6`+‚5">5"
$#o 9+/LA6$--$ !,#
_/LA 5"8) 9 98$8$)$
Nm$/ 95"+ ! !,s#_/LL6$
 !O7M7l7,*6,-+$X$O+/#;$/L
$ 95"6$B06($$D$.6$C6$N16,-#
eK<.$)$75"-E5" 9#K<.$
)$$58$)$e"-$/ 9mAs$8$ 9
mAs#o&H+ 9$)$" 9($
$0#T5-7<.$)$ 98_WKZ+
UVW@O7M6$ 36$68$)$$ 9$
,-.#[:,-$mA7sE $" 98+

7#_$BGUVW
* Nhập và biến đổi dữ liệu địa lý:
; ($7<.8$57$UVW+7<.6$- 9
$570$)$$96#€%$$57<.,-/
$$\A70 9%$$#
_$.UVW$.0$5D$$%$
$.C-$$ 9+$< 9$Q$3'$'"
%$$$#i+$&707<.88$70
 3$)$UVW+$<7<.$ 9$/67<.
 9*6$*D16UVW#
* Thao tác dữ liệu:
_ !$967<.'$Q6$- 9$570$5
$5 3$)$"$.$$/8$#
y
* Quản lý dữ liệu
T7DUVW$Q$5 $87 70\A
3-#;$+($()$j7<. 9 !7$&$%
$$/O7M$.-8_WKZmK2[Ws5L6$. <+
$B-$ 9$3#
* Hiển thị dữ liệu:
o$&$7<.8+(1- 9$5$8
$/7 70,-$E,5#2-($$.-$ . <
S$8#UVW/6$&M"$L85"4
)$$.$*($$$,-#2-$.$8$5(1$96
<,-,+$%$-$,$&+$$M6$<7<.($#
2.1.1.2. Tổng quan về phần mềm Mapinfo 10.0
[6\6$>"&"$$"UVW$&-7<.,-+
%$,)$/#T?6$>"&" 9O7M6$S,1.
$,-$.#tru
[6\ 9-N/,4[6\+"$&-

$#
e;,Am2-sa;[6\7<.($P 96$?
$$6$($$mAs+":6$($ 9E
";,A#i !7$5$D$.$+"4+OS+
 /I;,A#
T50$$";,A>)$/$\A+\A$B$/‡#;n2$B
,/L7<.+\A$B$‡#Kn;$B7<.$ms#i1
";,A$B 9$0•$\A<(}"+\A
‡#[n{"- 9$0\A‡#VK$B$"$1(1
<7<. 9$0#[;,A'$5$"\A
‡#ViK\A$6$C6 !O7M%"(1" 9,-,R
.$ˆ7#
e†(6Amo".sa^$."$B$>?"
[6\†(6A#[:;,A[\$X$B$B"6$
+($"($"./$&6$($
$#†(6A$)$6$ 3.56,6$($$
00$$"!,-$$X$>17+$3$1
<"†(6A'$5$B,-)$+,5+#
e2‰Am,-$5$87<.$)$saK<.$)$"-$
 9($[6\ 9$B7":7"
,-)$$m$,-$ !7<
.s#_7$ !(}";n2Zz#
e[6mOS$5$87<.,-saK<.,-m8s
 9($$R""-8)+$%$7"$.$0$/
]d
8$#[OS[6$6$C6$5$8"L$&6$
mZAs($$$E,0H$5$8"6$#
eZm%$,/sa_$6$C6 !O7M(1$96,‰A+
OS,-+,5 9$0($"
$5O(1-"$E"•#

]]
†AADm]ppxs+@$BB7MUVW
7D,-"$#;$A%$+$&($D
$ 9"$%$$,R6$>"&"UVW$%$-$-"B
.$6$?-$&$!1+$.+
Œ"$$6$>$D*$$*6_WKZ7D,"$#t]hu
Z{mZ6\s@O7MUVW.$0$5?,R
<$>($$7.)$+&-",-DS8$"
 !*#Z{@O7M6$>"&"n\
(5"($*'UVW6$?)$&7<.
66$$D*#
;#;$"m]pprs@B7MUVW.%"-6$6-
$$+#t]]u
2.1.2.2. Trong nước
J.+o.i"@N?7D 9,,-8$%$=.]…vd#ddde
]…]dd#ddd$.0UŠ;[ 3>#2-=.
]…hvddd$3$X#4"($D#o,-&$ $5
N?7D 9,-$.0O7M/=.]…hdd#ddde
]…]ddd#dddX$]…vd#ddde]…]dd#ddd#T1>G"yd$%yd•N@
 @$$*6,--$O$A$X$8hpp;;#T1G"]ppp@
0*6,--$O7.)$rv$m"-/$8hv•
7.)$/i$.6- s#i' .-$"
,=.]…]dddde]…qdddd#T? .$5",-
&5N?7D,-$.0O7M/4  975*6
,-$.0=.]…vd#ddd,$38$A$X$8
wrq#
iG"hdddo.^$$Z?"$.6@B7MUVW.N
8$&(.3;$_,/6:4T2H,#
;?" /$?"$.6m]ppdsT@B7MUVW
$ 3%$$A7Ž$7l,1G"]ppde

($A+$-6$)+6$)?$A$ ,H
2RU#
(((B;;#C,)D
#TE1"&7?7
`@K.;$.rdx$($-hhxw$?($Œ#U"
7?a;+i+^$+###"*7?($-hhy !…("
h
#K?
$1*64$,qN"$PL/#
iN@77#
,#TE5"&7?$($1
K.;N@0$8+,$.6+-N@hqh$-N/
$.6#_N"$1*64?"N@$, !
q#i$$&$1a_,$B+-N/$.6+
$.6+5$ 378$M#_N"$($DL7? ($
*6+$1-N/$.6?"$.6#K&(.16
NL%$($$(k$*.-N/$.6N@
($$*96$5#
i-N/+?"$.6N@K.;'-N/$&
0-6$Œ"($$ aN$+*+:###"E$6$MM-N/
($+"6$5 3S8$+$R"?$$*6($1
$%$#
* Về sản xuất nông nghiệp, lâm nghiệp
eZLa;S7.)$-G"A/ 9wh+hv$+0G/qv+r
0…]$+S- 9]qx/#
]q
#eia;S7.)$# 9]r+w$+G/wv+r0…]$+S
- 9vy/
e_$GaJ.0N@;?pw+,'wy+9]wqq
+>"]dwpq##

3+$45&'6&7+8&'69)+:6$*;+'+)&
<=*4>&'*?&'*+,& 
@AB
J.0N@K.;g$8N@_2RgX$_2R#
e{$>"&"[6\]d#d
C!DE6F!G#
eT85"a_$& 91$$0N@K.;e$8N@_
2ReX$_2R#
e;$!a;d]…d]…hd]]ewd…dv…hd]]
&HI
ef7M6$>"&"[6\]d#dN?7D,-S$.0N@
K.;+$8N@_2R+X$_2R#
e`?7D_WKZ,-$.0#
AJKLK
E2F@G##6H
E2F@G;C#&#8
^1$$+.$ a
e;$$*6,-$.0+.$(#
e_.&&(.D$+^$1e`@$#
e_. 1/&$B#
E2(B#$8#!-
eZ*61&a;1& 9*6$A !"'+($A+
$<3$5 9#;1&6$-$10$$A,-
@$$*6$R"N8$NA"0$,8$S$($#
eZ*6(1$0$&$D8a`8$$.0+(1$96$M6
-$$.0E #
e_$X$O$<,-m1s#
eo16$1"-($-$$A"F7 #
]r
FCI#

≤
#
Hình 3.3. Hộp thoại định vị tọa độ
]y
‡2 waW$6$#
[M)$.$6$,1S7<.70
raster vector#K,-$.0$ $&$mlayers($$+
"$E$&$ 9$B"6+L6$57l7-
$X$OI
T5$""6$+06$>7 [6\$Editing
;16$Cosmetic layer#
T5$6$7Ma
eWO7MMPolyline+8$70ZAWA$1,H5"
Win{5$6$aZ67$+6$+6$G
68$%$#$$L7MSymbol 8$70
Symbol Style, TextText Style.
eWO7MMSymbol8$70Symbol Style+TextText Style
5$687$#
eWO7M"$BG$ aSave coppy as+Combine+Enclose…
8$70Region Style5$6$$.0##
‡2 va2*6,-#
2*6,-.6$--",-)$($$$Œ""k#[
,- 9$)$'6$-$$6$>a;,-+
($+$@+ +$ X.+("$X"#i$<7$5
 9N?7DD,R.$$:9[6\$E 90,R
$$$!MDrawing#
3.4.3.2. Thành lập CSDL bản đồ hiện trạng
o.067<.$$$5 9$D$.,R$&$
[6\ 9>06> !O7M#
eJ6$0 Table/mentence/Table tructureaK506$

T5$6$&$7MPolyline $
L(5$"N@$6$0Line Style#
* Lớp thông tin giao thông
Hình 4.3. Lớp thông tin giao thông
h]
Z6$$$7MPolyline $
Line Style 5$5$.0 !$($$#
* Lớp thủy văn
Hình 4.4. Lớp thông tin về thủy văn
T5$6$&$G7MPoly Line
* Lớp thông tin hiện trạng
Hình 4.5. Lớp thông tin hiện trạng
hh
T5$6$$.07MPolygon$BG
Set target+Erase+1$$07<.$6$.0#
* Lớp thông tin về điểm độ cao và địa danh
#
Hình 4.6. Lớp thông tin về độ cao
Hình 4.7. Lớp thông tin về điạ danh
hw
T5$6$&5"87$O7MM
TextSymbol#ZD$(56$$<+j$<"$<M
Text Style+Symbol Style$$MDrawing.
* Lớp mã hiện trạng
Hình 4.8. Lớp mã hiện trạng
* Lớp bảng chú giải
Z6$,-$L--$)$$< 9 9%$,
,-#
Hình 4.9. Lớp chú giải
hq