• -•««>•'
«
CU THANH TOAN;
(I I
&
PhUdng phdp
gial
nhanh
BAI TAP
loral
NHAXUATBAN
Cdc em hoc sinh Idp 12 than md'n!
nam vChig kiS'n
thiic
va c6 the dat ket qua cao nha't trong cac ki
thi,
cac
em hoc sinh c^n ren
luyfin
giai
nhanh cac dang bai tap thucmg xuyfen,
lifin
tuc trong
qua
trinh
hoc tap
ciia
minh.
Di cac em c6 th6m tai
Vitu
tu ren
ki^m
th6 nh6m
Chuong 7: Crom - Sat - D6ng
Chiromg
8: Nhan bie't mot s6' chat v6 co va chu^n d6 dung djch
Chuong 9: Hoa hoc
vdri
va'n d^
kinh
i6, xa h6i va m6i trucmg
Trong
m6i chuong duoc
trinh
bay:
A.
Ly thuyd't co ban
B.
Phuong
phap
giai
cac dang bai tap
M6i
bai tap trong
sach
duoc tac gia chon loc kl cang, la sir k6't
tinh
ciia
kifi'n
thiic
CO
cac ban d6ng
nghifip
va cac em hoc sinh.
Chuc cac em dat kd't qua cao trong hoc tap. '
Tac
gia
Mia
sach Khang Vi^t xin
tran
trgng
giai
thi$u
tai Quy dgc gid vd xin
idng nghe mgi y kim dong gop, decuon
sack
ngdy
cdng hay han,
botch
han.
Thu
xin
giti
ve:
Cty
TNHH
Mpt
Thanh
Vien -
Djch
Van hoa
DAI
Clfdll^G
KIM
MAI
I.
CAU
TAO
CUA
KIM
LOAI
1. Cau tao nguyen
tiir:
Nguyen tir
ciia
hSu hd't cac kim
loai
co s6' electron b Idp
ngoai cung it
(1,
2, 3 e).
2. Cau tao tinh the: Trong
tinh
th^ kim
loai,
nguydn tir va ion kim
loai
nlm a
nhiJng
niit
ciia
loai
gay ra.
2.
Tinh
chat vat ly rieng
M6t
!6'
tinh
chat vat ly nhu
kh6'i
luong riSng, nhiet d6 nong chay,
tinh
ciifng
phu
thu6c vao do b^n
ciia
lien
ket kim
loai,
nguySn tir
khdi,
ki^u mang
tinh
th^,
ciia
kim
loai
3.
Tinh
that hoa hoc chung cua kim loai.
v&i
phi kim
Hdu
hift
cac kim
loai
khir
duoc phi kim thanh ion am. Thf du:
4A1
+30, —^ 2A1A
Hg
+ S > HgS : . .
h.
Tac dung vdi
axit
*
D6'i
y&i
dung dich
HCl,
H:S04 loang:
Cac
kiin
loai
dung trudc H trong day hoat d6ng hod hoc (day dien hoa)
khir
duoc ion
(H3O*)
ciia
cac axit nay thanh
dung
vdi H2O
- Cac kim loai c6
tinh
khir manh nhir kim loai kiem, kim loai
kidm
tho (Ca, Sr,
Ba, truofc Mg trong day dien hoa) khir H^O d6 dang 6 nhiet do thircmg.
Thi
du: 2Na + 2H.O > 2NaOH + H.T
- Mot s6' kim loai
khac
(nhu Mg, Zn,
Fe, )
khir
duoc
hoi
nuoc
d nhiet d6 cao:
Mg
+ H^O.h, —^ MgO + H,
3Fe + 4H.O —^
Fe304
+ 4H:
d. Tac
dung
vai
dung
dich
niuoi
hoa.
- Pin
d'ltn
hoa la thiet bi trong do
nang
lugng ciia phan
ling
oxi hoa - khir (hoa
nang)
chuyen thanh dien nang.
- Pin dien hoa tao bdi hai cap oxi hoa - khu, trong do:
• O cue am
(anot):
Xay ra su oxi hoa
chat
khir.
• 6 cue duong
(catot):
Xay ra sir khu
chat
oxi hoa.
-
Sua't
dien dong ciia pin dien hoa: La hieu ciia the
didn
cue duong (E,+)) v6i th6'
dien cue am (£,.,):
E(pi,„
= - E,-, > 0 (luon diromg)
E°
duoc
cha'p
nhan
bang
sua't
difen dOng ciia
pin
tao bcri dien cue hidro chudn va diSn cue chudn cua kim loai cSn do.
t — C (p,„) —
(Neu M durng sau H trong day dien hoa).
po „+ po
M /M — ^ (Dill)
(pill)
H2+/H2
-E
(Neu M
diing
truoc H trong day dien hoa).
4. Quy tac
anpha
(a ) 1
Day
didn
hoa ciia kim loai cho
phep
du doan
chieu
eua phan
ling
giCra hai cap
dien li nong
chay
hoac
dung dich
chat
dien
li.
-
Phan
ling
hoa hoc
or
cac dien cUc trong binh dien phan:
* 6
catot
(cue -): Xay ra sU khir:
M""
+ ne
hoac
2H,0 + 2e
M
20H" + H.
V: 1"
* d
anot
(cue +): Xay ra sU oxi hoa:
X"
hoac
2H2O
X + me
thu
dugc
6 dien cue.
n:
56'
electron
ma nguyen tu
hoac
ion da nhan.
I:
Cuong do dong dien (A). ,. . r
t:
Thoi gian dien phan (s).
F: Hang so
Faraday
(F =
96500
C/ mol).
- Tinh s6' mol
electron
trao d6i: n. trao ddi = It/ F (mol)
Phdn
locii
va pluMni^ phc'ip f-idi BT H6a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh
Toan
V.
Sir AN MON KIM
LOAI
1.
nhau ban
chat.
- Cac
didn
cue phai
tid'p
xiic true tiep
hoac
gian
tiS'p
vdi nhau qua day dSn.
- Cac dien cue cung tiep xuc
vdri
dung dich
chat
dien li.
Chu y; Thie'u 1 trong 3 dieu kifen tren se khdng xay ra an mon dien hoa hoc, ma se
xay ra an mon hoa hoc.
3.
Chong
an mon kim
loai
-
Bi6n
phap
bao \t be mat: scm, trang, ma, b6i diu m5,
phii
chat
deo,
\tn hi
ciia kim loai va
tach
ra khoi phan khong
tan
CO
trong quang.
Sau do cac ion kim loai trong dung djch
duoc
khir
bang
kim loai c6
tinh
khir
manh hem.
*
Phant
vi dp
dung:
Duoc
diing
de' dieu che nhOng kim loai c6
tinh
khir yS'u nhu
Cu, Hg,
Au,
* Thi du: Di6u che bac tir quang chira bac
sunfua:
Ag.S + 4NaCN > 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na,S
2Na[Ag(CN)2]
+ Zn > 2Ag + Na.[Zn(CN)4]
loai c6 d6
hoat
dong trung binh nhuZn, Fe, Sn, Pb, Cr,
V6i kim loai kern
hoat
dong nhu Ag, Hg thi chi cin dot
chay
quang cung da thu
duoc
kim loai ma khdng phai
khiJr
bang
cac tac nhan
khac.
HgS + O. > Hg + SO, " " '
Ag,S + O, —^ 2Ag + SO,
*Thidu:
Fe^Oj
+ 3CO 2Fe + 3CO,
CrA + 2A1 '" > 2Cr + AUOj
ZnO + C Zn + CO
Chu v; Khi CO nong chi khir
duoc
cac ion kim loai trong cac oxit
diing
sau kem
trong day dien hoa, thi du FeO, PbO, CuO,
3.
Phuomg
phap
- Dieu che' kim loai c6
tinh
khir trung binh va kim loai c6
tinh
khir yeu nhu Zn,
Cu,
bang
each
dien phan dung djch mu6'i cua chiing.
*r/(/c/M 2NaCl >
2Na+
Q,
2AI3O3
^n"^.^""i"
)4AI +30,
2CUSO4
+ 2H,0 2Cu +
2H,S04
+ O^ ^
B. PHUCM(5 PHAP GJAO
C-Ac
'D:^Na BAO T^P
Dang 1: Bai tap kim
loai
tac
dung
vol
dung
djch
muo'i,
X X (mol) , , ,
Am
=
207x
- 65x > 0 kh6'i luong la Zn tang. ' ^ :^ '
Zn +
2AgN03
>
2Agi
+ Zn(N03), " '
X 2x • ^ ,
Am=:2.108x-65x>0=>kh6'iluonglaZntang.
.
Phan loai va phirati}> phi'ip
i^iai
BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
Zn
+
CUSO4
> Cu 4^ +
ZnS04
X
x(mol)
Am
= 64x - 65x < 0 => kh6'i lirong la kem giam.
Dap an
dung
la D.
2. Cho a gam h6n hop bot cac kim loai Ni va Cu vao dung djch AgNO, dir,
khuS'y
xay ra khi cho Ni, Cu + AgNO^Cdd, du):
Ni
+ 2AgNO., > 2Ag>l +Ni(N03).
X 2x
Cu + 2AgN0, > 2Agl
+Cu(N03)2
y
2y
54
Tac6:
2x + 2y = =>x + y = 0,25 (1)
108
*
PTPU"
xay ra khi cho Ni, Cu +
CuS04(dd,
dir):
Ni
+
CUSO4
> Cui +
NiS04
X X
„: Cu + CuS04-^
y
Taco:
64x + 64y = a + 0,5 = 59x + 64y + 0,5
'
=:>5x
= 0,5 =>x = 0,l (2)
diing
la
A.Zn.
B.Fe. C. Cu. D. Mg.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
Kl
hifiu
kim loai do la M, s6' mol M phan ume la x:
khA'i
lirnmfr M h;in rtaH la m tn\
PTPlT:
M + Cd(N03), > Cdi
+M(N03)2
X X
(ii2-M).x 0,47 '
Taco:
M
+ PbCNOj), > Pbi + M(N03)2
(207-M).x^M2
'y'^' [2)
207-M
1,42 ^ 2
Dap an
dung
la A.
Uy(2):(l)taduoc: =
112-M 0,47
=>207-M
'
Khi
0,02 mol AgNOj phan
ling
het thl khoi luong thanh kim loai se tang: ''
0,02. 108 - 0,01. 56 = 1,6 (gam) < 1,72 (gam).
=> AgNOj phan
iJng
het, va mot
phSn
Cu(N03)2 da phan
iJng:
Fe + Cu(N03)2 > Cu i +
Fe(N03)2
Khi
1 mol Fe > 1 mol Cu => kh6'i luong tang 8 gam
Khi
khoi luong tang 1,72 - 1,6 = 0,12g => so mol Fe da phan ung la
=0,015
(mol) < 0,02.
8
Vay tong khoi luong Fe da phan
irng
la
mp, = (0,01 +
0,015).
56 = 1,40 (gam)
Dap an diing la A.
5. De khir ion Cu"* trong dung djch
CUSO4
C. kim loai Ag. D. kim loai Mg.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
D6'
khii
ion Fe'* trong dung dich thanh ion Fe"* c6 the dung m6t luong dir
kim
loai Cu: Cu +
2Fe'*
> Cu"* +
2Fe-*
Dap an dung la A.
7. Cho day cac kim
loai:
Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S6' kim loai trong day
phan
ting
ducfc vdi dung djch FeCl, la
A.
5. B.4. C. 3. D.6.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
PTHH:
1)
Cu +
2FeCl3
^
CUCI2
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan thu
duoc
dung dich X (g6m hai muoi) va
chat
rSn Y (gom hai kim
loai).
Hai mu6'i trong X la
A.
Mg(N03)2va Fe(N03)2. B. Fe(N03)3va Mg(N03)2
C.
Fe(N03)3 va AgNOj D. AgN03 va
Mg(N03)2.
Huong ddn
gidi
-
Y gom hai kim loai => Hai kim loai la
Ag,
Fe du
-
X gom hai mu6'i => Hai mu6'i la
MgCNOj)!
va FeCNOj),
(Vi
Fe con du nen AgNO, het, khong the sinh ra FeCNO,),)
Dap an dung la A.
9. Cho 2,8 gam b6t sat vao 200 ml dung dich gdm
AgNO3
+
2AgN03
^
Fe(N03)2
+ 2Ag
4-
7;;
0,01 ^0,02
0,02 , ,< •
Fe + Cu(N03)2 ->Cu4 + Fe(N03)2 ;
>
I
(0,05-0,01)-^ 0,04 ^0,04 '
Vay
m - m^g + =
0,02.108
+
0,04.64
= 4,72 g Dap an dung la D.
10. Cho m gam b6t sat vao dung dich h6n hcfp gom 0,15 mol
CuS04va
0,2 mol
HCl.
Sau khi cac
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan, thu
duoc
=> m
-
56.
(0,15 + 0,1) +
0,15.64
= 0,725m
=>0,275m =4,4 ^m = 16,0 Dap an dung la A.
11.
Hoa tan 5,4 gam bot Al vao 150 ml dung djch A chiia Fe(N03)3 IM va
Cu(N03)2
IM.
Ket
thuc phan
feg thu
duoc
m gam ran. Gia tri ciia m la
A.
10,95 B. 13,20 C. 13,80 D. 15,20
Huong ddn
gidi
Theobaira: n^, =
5,4/27
= 0,2(mol) .
nFe(N03)3
-0,15.1
=0,15(mol);nc„(NO3)2
=0,15.1 =0,15(mol)
Thirtutrong
day dian hoa:
Al^+
0,075.56
= 13,80(g) »ap an dung la C.
12. Cho a mol bot kem vao dung djch c6 hoa tan b mol Fe(NO,),. Tim dieu kien
lien
he giOa a va b de sau khi ket thiic
phan
ung khong c6 kim
loai.
A.
a > 2b B. b > 3a C. b > 2a D. b = 2a/3
Huong ddn
gidi
Di
sau
phan
ung khong c6 kim loai thi luomg Zn (phan ung het) chi khu
Fe-^^-^Fe^^
Zn
+ 2Fe(N0,), -> Zn(N0,)2 + 2Fe(N03)2
Ban ddu: a b (mol)
Phan
ung: a 2a (mol)
Do
do b > 2a thi Zn
phan
ling
het (bj tan het) va Fe'^^ Fe^^ (dd)
Dap an diing la C.
13. Cho h6n hop kim
loiii
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Thu"
tir cac kim loai nay trong day dien hoa:
Mg2+
/Mg;Zn2^
/Zn; Fe^^ /FeiCu^^ /Cu;(Fe-'^ /Fe2+);Ag^ /Ag
=>
Kha
nang
phan
ling
ciia cac kim
loai:
Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag
Do
do 3 kim loai sau
phan
ling
la: Ag;Cu;Fe .
Vi
Fe con du nen:
+
Mg,
Zn
phan
ling
het => c6 mu6'i Mg(N03)2
'^"(^^^.Oi
A.
43,63%' B. 56,37% C. 64,42% D. 37,58%
Huong ddn
gidi
,.
Theobaira: ncu,so4 =0'60,5 = 0,3(mol)
Vi
khdi luong hdn hop kim loai sau
phan
ling
lodi
hon khdi luong hdn hop tru6c
phan
ling
(30,4g > 29,8g) => Fe da
phan
ling
mot phdn. Do do, CUSO4 da
phan
ling
het, hdn hop kim loai sau
phan
ling
gdm Cu va Fe dir. ,.
^
Goi
X,
y, z Idn
lirot
la sd mol Zn, Fe
Ket
lufln
nao sau day la diing?
,
2b 2(b + c)
A.
—<a<—^ -
3 3
2(b
+
c)
3
3
C.^<a<
3
3
3
2(b
+
c)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Vi
dung dich thu
dugc
chiia 2 ion kim loai
(Al'*
sinh ra va Fe""^ con du)
=>
Phdii
locii
vu
pliif<yiii>
plu'ip
i^idi
BT Hoa hoc 12
—
Cu
Thanh
Toan
- Vi Al phan utig vijfa du
hoac
con dir b phan utig (1) n6n:
^2c
a > —
3
- Vi Fe-* con dir (phan irng 2) nfen:
(I)
a
2c ^
<b
3a ^ 3a \b + c)
=>
c<b=>
— <b + c
=J'a<-—
2 2 3
Tir(I),(II)
2c 2(b + c)
duoc
3 muoi => Fe, Cu phan ung het
- Trong dung djch sau phan irng khdng c6 AgNOj => AgNOj da phan ting het.
So 66 phan
ling:
Fe,Cu
+ AgNOj ^ Fe (NO3 \u (NO3 \(NO3 )3 + Ag i
Ta c6:
m
+ m
ddAgN03
""^Ag"^
""""^ddsau
Dap an diing la B.
^ m + mddAgN03
=0,6.108
+
(m,dAgNO3
"^^j
=>m
=0,6.108-50
=
14,8(gam)
CM
v: Cac
PTPLT
xay ra:
Fe +
2AgN03
->
B.Fe(N03)3
C.HC1 D. AgNOj
Huong
ddn
gidi
X phai la
Fe(N03)3,
that vay:
Fe +
2Fe(N03)3
^
3Fe(N03)2
Cu +
2Fe(N03)3
^
2Fe(N03),
+ CuCNOj),
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH
Khans
^'4*
Con lai Ag
khdng
phan
ung,
luong
con lai
dung
bang
luong
ban ddu.
=> n^g - nAgN03 =
0,35(mol)=>mAg
=
0,35.108
= 37,8 (gam)
=> 37,8 = 4,5m =:>m =
8,4(gam)=>np^
=
8,4/56
=
0,15(mol)
Goi X, y \k\t la sd mol
Fe(N03)2
va
Fe(N03)3
Ta c6: 2x + 3y = 0,35 (bao toan
electron)
X + y = 0,15 (bao toan nguyen td sat)
Giai ra ta
duoc:
x = 0,1; y = 0,05
vay C,,,o )
="'"^•^^^•'"'^^-8,31%
DapandanglaC.
•
^ Fe(N03)3 175 +
8,4-37,8
Chu V. Khdi luong phdn dung
dicll
sau phan
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bai ra: ncu(N03)2 " ^'' -^'^ "
0,03mol;
"AgNOj
=
0,1.0,3
=
0,03mol;nH2
=0,336/22,4
=
0,015mol
Ag •iiMi'rtu
So dd phan ung xay ra: Al ^l^ff^
>
\u
>
H2 t
PTHH:
Al
Al
+
3AgN03
-> 3Agi
+A1(N03)3
0,01 <- 0,03 -> 0,03
2A1 +
3Cu(N03)2-^
ddn gidi
Day
gom cac chat
vira
tac dung v6i dung djch
HCl,
vira
tac dung v6i dung dich
AgNO,
la Fe,
Ni,
Sn.
Fe + 2HC1
FeCl2+H2
Fe + 2AgN03 Fe(N03)2+2Ag
Ni
+ 2HC1 ^
NiCl2+H2
Ni
+ 2AgN03 ->
Ni(N03)2+2Ag
Sn + 2HC1 ->
SnCl2+H2
Sn + 2AgN03 ^ Sn(N03)2 + 2Ag
Dap an diing la C.
21. Nhung mot la kim
loai
M (chi c6 hoa trj hai trong hop chat) c6
khoi
lirong
n^, = 50/65 = 0,77mol >0,1 =>
Kim
loai
M con du,
AgNOj
phan linghet.
TheoPTHH=>n^NO^)^=0,l(mol)
=>MM(NO3)2
= ' 8,8/0,1 = 188
MM
= 188 - 62.2 = 64(Cu)
Vay
M la kim
loai
Cu. Dap an diing la B.
22. Cho h6n hop gom 0,02 mol Fe
vii
0,01 mol Cu vao dung djch chiia
0,065
mol
AgNO,,
sau cac phan ung hoan toan thu duoc 200 ml dung djch X. N6ng do cua
Fe(N03), trong dung djch.X la
A.0,05M
'£pa;075r^», C. 0,025M
D.O.IOM
Cty
TNHH
MTV~DWH
Khang Viet
->
Fe(N03)3
+ Agi
0,02
0,005
(banddu)
0,005
<-
0,005
^
0,005
(mol)
vay nong do
Fe(N03)3
trong dung djch X:
CFe(N03),
=^ =
0'025
(M)
Dap an dung la C.
23. Hoa tan h6n hop chiJa dong thai 0,15 mol m6i kim
loai
Fe va Cu trong 675ml
dung djch
AgNOjlM,
khoi
luong chat rSn thu duoc khi ke't
thiic
phan dng la
A.
AgNO,
IM,
khua'y kl d^ cac phan urng xay ra hoan toan.
Khd'i
luong
Ag thu duoc la
A.
6,48 gam B. 8,56 gam C. 10,8 gam D. 8,64 gam.
Hu&ng
ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: nAgN03 =^'1 ('"°')
Goi
X la s6'
mol
Cu => s6'
mol
Fe
1^
2x.
fH'J VI^N
Tl'.MH
«iNH
THl.'ANJ
———
^—— :L
Ta
c6: 64x + 56. 2x = 1,76 => x = 0,01 (mol)
Vi
thiJ tu trong
day
n^ +
(Pu)
= 0,08 (mol)
=>
m^g
= 0,08. 108 = 8,64
(gam)
Dap an
dung
la D.
25.
Hoa tan 5,4 gam b6t Al vao 150 ml
dung dich
h6n hop Fe(N03)3 IM va
Cu(N03)2
JM- Sau khi
phan
ihig
xay ra
hoan loan
thu
duoc
m (gam)
chat
ran.
"
Gia
tri
cua m la
*
^ 3Fe i
+2A1(N03)3
0,05-> 0,075 -> 0,075
Vay
m= 0,15.64+ 0,075.56 = 13,80(g) Dap an
dung
la A.
26. Hoa tan 1,57 gam h6n hop b6t
kim loai
gom
Al,
Zn vao 100 ml
dung djch
h6n
hop AgNO,
0,1M va
Cu(N03)2
0,3M. Sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan toan
thu
diroc
chat
ran X va
dung dich
Y chi chiJa hai
mudi.
Ngam
MTV
DVVH
Khang
Via
ncu(NO3)2-0'10'3
=
0,03mol
So d6
phan
ling: '
Al,Zn
+ AgN03,Cu(N03)2 ^
X^^^
+ 2
mudi
(dd)
Suy ra:
' ' "' '^^ ^ ,
• •
+ Hai
mudi
la
Al(N03)3,Zn(N03)2
=>
AgN03,Cu(N03)2
he't
+ Chat
ran X
khdng
tac
+ 2e
y
-> y ^ 2y
(mol)
Ag"^
+ le -> Agi
0,01
->0,01
Cu^+
+ 2e ^
Cu
i
0,03 -> 0,06
=^3x + 3y = 0,01+0,06 =0,07 (l) >
Mat
khac:
27x + 65y = 1,57 (2)
Tir(l,2)
^x=0,01;y = 0,02
Al-^^+3NH3+3H20->Al(OH)3 i+3NH;
Zn^^
+
6NH3
+
3H20->[Zn(NH3)^](OH)2+2NH;
Khdi
luong
ket
tiia
thu dirge:
het
thi
tao ra 0,2
mol
Ag
m^g
= 0,2.108 = 21,6(g) > 19,44(g)
Plum
loai
vci
phifcmij
phop
i^icii
BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
=> AgNOj con du, Cu(N03)2
chua
phan
irng, Fe
phan
iJng
het:
Fe + 3AgNOj (dif) ^ Fe
(NO3
)^
+ 3Ag i
m/56 3m/56(mol)
Taco:
—.108 = 19,44
=:>m=3,36(g)
Dap an
rSn?
A.
59,6 B. 32,6 C. 81 D. 75,6
Huong
dan
gidi
So mol moi kim loai Mg,
Al,
Fe la x
^
24x + 27x + 56x = 10,7 => X =
0,1
(mol)
Mg
+ 2AgNO, ^ Mg(N0,)2 + 2Ag i
0,1 ^ 0,2 -> 0,2 (mol)
Al
+ 3AgNO, ^
Al(NO,)3
+ 3Ag i
0,l-).0,3
^ 0,3(mol)
Fe + 2AgNO,
Fe(N0,)2
+ 2Ag i
0,1-> 0,2 -> 0,2 (mol)
i
Fe(NO,)3 + AgNO, ^ Fe(NO,)^ + Agi
0,05
(0,75-0,7)->•
C. Ca. D. Mg.
'
Huong
dan
gidi
Sad6phaniJng:
M ) M,0,,; M
—tS^iiiHL^
MCL
"
"2
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
M
> M"* + ne
16,2
M
(mol)
16,2.n
M
(mol)
16,2.n^
^
e (cho) = . . (mol)
.
. m
O, + 4e > 20"-
0,15 0,15. 4 (mol)
2H"
+ 2e >
2.13,44
(n
=2, M = 18
kh6ng
c6 kim loai nao
thoa
man).
Vay M la
Al.
30. Cho hiin hop gom 0,15 mol Mg va 0,1 mol Al vao
dung
djch
chira
dong
thdi 0,2
mol
A^
NO, va 0,25 mol Cu(N03)2, sau
phan
ihig
hoan
toan
thu
duoc
dung
dich
X.
Cho NaOH du vao
dung
djch X thi khoi lirong ket tiia tao ra la
A.
0,05mol
Cu(N03)2
(du)
X
+
dd NaOH (du):
Mg(N03)2
+
2NaOH-^Mg(OH)2
4+2NaN03 . ,
0,15 ^0,15 • i7 -
Cu(N03)2+2NaOH^Cu(OH)2i+2NaN03
, (.
0,05 -> 0,05
Al(N03),+4NaOH->NaAl(OH)^+3NaN03
' 'H:.
Khoi
luomg ket tua thu
duoc:
m
1=0,15.58
+ 0,05.98 = 13,6(g)
Dap
an
dung
la D.
31. Ngam
m6t vSt
bang
dong
ddn
gidi
a) PTHH:
Cu +
2AgN03
>
CU(N03)2
+
2Ag
i
Chat
khu
chat
oxi
hoa
b) Kh6'i luong AgNOj
c6
trong dung dich ban ddu:
m^gN03
- ^^^'^ = 10(g)
100
S6'mol
AgNO, tham gia phan
ling
= =
0,01mol
^
100.100
Cu
+
xay ra
hoan
toan, thu
dugc
m6t dung dich
chua
ba
ion kim loai. Trong
cac gia
trj
sau
day,
gia
tri nao ciia
x
thoa
man trucmg
hoj.
tren?
A.
1,5. B. 1,8. C. 2,0. D. 1,2.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Thuf tir trong
cac
day dien
hoa:
Mg-^
Zn'' Cu-* Ag*
- 2e > Mg'
1,2 > 2,4
(mol)
Zn
- 2e > Zn
x
2x
(mol)
Ag*
+ le > Agi
1
>
1 (mol)
Cu-*
+ 2e > Cui
2 > 4
(mol)
Vi
Cu-*c6ndunen:
2,4 + 2x < 1 + 4 => x < 1,3.
Trong
cac
gia tn da cho thi
x = 1,2 < 1,3
thoa
man y6u
ciu
bai toan.
Dap
an
gam
chat
ran Z. Gia trj ciia m
la
A.
6,40. B. 5,76. C. 3,84.
D.
5,12.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Cdch
1:
Theo
bai ra: "AgNOj
= 0,4.0,2 =
0,08(mol)
=
5,85/65 =
0,09(mol)
VI
2nz„
>nAgN03
(20,09>0,08)
=>Zn
con du sau
khi
cac
phan
ling
Cu(N03)2->
Cu
>l+Zn(N03)2
=> Z
(ran): Ag, Cu, Zn (du)
Vay thuc
chat
ciia thi nghiem tran la:
; - i .JiJ
23
Zn
+ 2AgNOj ^
Zn (NO,
\ 2Ag i
0,04«-0,08^
0,08(mol) (• , .
Dodo:
mx + = m +
m^g
+ m^n (dir) '
=>
7,76 + 10,53 = m + 0,08.108 + (0,09-0,04).65 => m = 6,40
Dap
an dung la A.
Cdch
2: riAgNo,
=0.08mol;n5,„
=0,09(mol)
Vi
2nz„
34. Cho 6,4 gam bot Cu vao V ml dung dich AgNOa 0,2M, sau m6t then gian phan
ling
thu duoc 7,92 gam h6n hop rin X va dung dich Y. Loc tach X, r6i them
10,35 gam bot Pb vao Y, sau mot
thori
gian phan
ling
thu duoc 10,44 gam h6n
hop rdn Z va dung dich A. Loc tach Z, r6i them 5,85 gam b6t
iZn
vao A, sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 10,28 gam chat xkn B va dung dich chi chiJa
mot
chat tan. Gia tri
ciia
V la
A.
200.
B.
400.
C. 600.
D.
150.
Dap
an dung la B.
Dang 2: Bal tap tinh chat vat If cua kim loai
L
Cho cac kim
Chu V.
Ag dSn
difin
t6't nha't, r6i d^'n Cu.
2.
Tinh
dSn dien ctia kim
loai
phu thu6c vao
A.
do dac
kbit
cua kim
loai.
B. mat d6 electron tu do.
C. kieu mang
tinh
the kim
loai.
D. mat do ion kim
loai.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
,
\
Tinh
dSn dien
ciia
kim
Trong pin difen hoa Zn - Cu, qua
trinh
khir
trong pin la
A.
Zn —^
Zn-"
+ 2e. B. Cu
>
Cvr*
+
2e.
C.
Zn-"
+ 2e > Zn. D.
Cu""
+ 2e > Cu.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Trong
pin Zn - Cu, phan urng xay ra khi pin boat d6ng la:
Zn
+
Cu-"
> Cu + Zn-"
Phan
ii-ng
khiJr
Cu"":
Ag:
Cue am la Fe, cue duong la
Ag.
^ . , ,
Cue am xay ra qua
trinh:
Fe > Fe"" + 2e
Dap
an diing la A.
3.
Mot pin didn hoa c6 didn cue Zn nhung trong dung djch ZnS04 va dien cue Cu
nhung trong dung dich CuSO^. Sau m6t
thori
gian pin do phong didn thi
khoi
luong
Phdn
loai
ra
pliironi;
jilu'ip
t^liii
/IT 116a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh
Toan
A.
ca hai dien
circ
Zn va Cu
dfiu
cang
giam (Zn > Zn'* (dd) + 2e), kh6'i lucmg
la Cu
cang
tang (Cu'^dd) + 2e > Cu i).
Dap an
dung
la C.
4. Khi pin
didn
hoa Zn - Cu phong di6n thi ndng do
A.
cua Cu"* giam, ciia Zn"* tang. B. ciia Cu'"^ giam, ciia Zn'* giam.
C. ciia Cu-* tang, ciia Zn"* tang. D. ciia Cu"* tang, ciia Zn"* giam.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Phan
ling
xay ra khi pin Zn - Cu phong dien:
Zn
+ Cu-* > Cu + Zn-*
=> n6ng d6 Cu"* giam, n6ng d6 ciia Zn"* tang. Dap an diing la A.
5. Trong qua
trinh
hoat
dong ciia pin
didn
hoa Zn - Cu thi
A.
vao
A.
ban
chat
ciia kim loai lam dien cue.
B. ndng do ciia cae dung dich
mudi.
C. nhiet d6.
D.
khdi
luong cae dien cue. *
Huong
ddn
gidi
Sua't
dien d6ng
E^,,,
phu
thuoc
vao:
-Ban
chat
cae kim loai lam dien cue.
.!,'>,
-
- Ndng d6 cua cac ion kim loai (dung djch mudi). ,•
-Nhietdd.
Khong phu
thu6c
vao khoi
Pb + Zn-* > Zn + Pb'*
D.
Trong pin dien hoa Zn - Pb, nd'u sii dung cdu
mudi
la dung dich
NH4NO3.
Khi
pin
hoat
d6ng thi ion NO 3 di ehuye'n ve phia cue Pb.
Huong
ddn
gidi
Pin dien hoa Zn - Pb.
-
Phan
umg xay ra trong pin: -
Zn
+ Pb-* > Pb + Zn-*.
- Vi
E°z„
2+ ^„ <
E°pb
2+ => Zn CO
tinh
khii
manh hon Pb => Zn la cue am
(anot), Pb la cue duong
(catot).
^
khdi
luong ciia dien cue Ag giam.
B. ndng do ciia ion Zn"* tang.
C. ion K* di chuyen v^ phia
anot.
D.
sua't
dien d6ng chudn cua pin
bang
0,80 - 0,76 =
0,04V.
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
,.
Phan
umg xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Ag
hoat
d6ng:
Zn
+ 2Ag* > Zn-* + 2Agi
Ph.'in
Ji'.ii
V,)
n!i
II',
/»/;<//'
/!,':i
lifi
'
2
la
Ag, catot
la
Zn.
d
anot
(cue
Zn):
Zn ^
Zn"*
+ 2e ''
d
catot
(cue
Ag):
Ag*^
+ le > Agi
Do
do 6
catot thieu dien
tich
duong
(do
Ag*
bj
dien phan)
ndn
K* {cAu mu6'i)
di
chuy^n
can
bang
dien
tich
trong
cac
dung djch.
C.
lam
chat
xiic
tac cho
phan iJng oxi
hoa -
khii
xay ra
khi pin
boat
ddng.
D.
con
ducmg
di
chuyen ciia
cac
electron tir
cue am
sang
cue
duong.
'
A 0,60V.
B.
0,88V.
C.
0,60V. D.
-
0,88V.
•
Hu&ngddn
gidi
-
VI
Epi„
lu6n duong => loai phuong
an A va D.
-
VI
Cr
CO
tinh
khij
manh
hon Sn ndn:
"
^
(Cr
-
Sn)
- S.I
hieu ciia
pin va
tinh
sua't
dien ddng chu^n tuong
ling
ciia
pin
nhu sau:
PinZn-Cu
:
E%,
=+
1,10V.
r Pin
Ag-Cu
:
E''pi„
=
+0,46V.
(
V
TNHH MTV DVVH
Khang
Viet
Pin
Zn -
Ag
:
E°pi„
Pin Ag
- Cu (ma
phai
la
pin
Cu -
Ag)
-
Pin Ag
- Zn (ma
phai
la
pin
Zn -
Ag).
*
Pin
CO
gid tri
sua't
dien dong
chuan
E"
sai:
-
Pin
Zn -
Ag:
E",,,,
=
oxi
hoa -
khir
Fe^*/
Fe va
Ni'*/ Ni.
Phan
ling
xay ra
or
cue am
ciia pin diSn
hoa (6
difiu
kien
chu^n)
la
A.
Fe ^
Fe2+
+ 2e B.
Ni
^
Ni^*
+ 2e
C.
Fe^*
+ 2e
->
Fe f
Ni^"^
^•Fe^^'+Ni
Dap
an dung la A.
Chu
v;
Trong pin dien
hoa: I
-
d cue am
(anot): Xay
ra
oxi
hoa
-
d cue
duong (catot): Xay
ra su
khir
'
13.
Mdt
pin
dien
hoa gdm
dien
cue la sd day bac
nhiing
vao
dung dich
Fe-''^
+ le ->
Fe^*
[
'
^
:
C.
Ag*
+ le
-> Ag
D.
Ag
^
Ag""
+ le • ' '
urn
loai
va
phifcfnij
phcip
}>idi
BT
Hoa hoc 12
- Cii
Thanh
Toan
Huong ddn
gidi
Ag^
hoa.
Dang 4: Bai tap tinh SDD chuan cua pin; tinh the dien cue chuan
1. Biet
sua't
dien dong
chua'n
cua pin Zn - Cu la 1,10V, the dien cue chudn
ciia
didn
cue Zn la - 0,76V, the dien cue chu^n cua dien cue Cu la
A.
+ 0,34V. B. - 0,34V. C. - 1,86V. D. + 1,86V.
Huong ddn
gidi
Tac6:EV„,„.c„,
=E°c„2^eu
- E°,„2+,,„
=> 1,10
=E°c„2^eu
-
(-0,76)
^
E°c„2+/cu
= 1,10 - 0,76 = + 0,34(V).
Dap an dung la A.
2. Biet rang E^
,z„.c„)
= i,10V va E^Cu'VCu) = +0,34V. The'dien cue chu^n cua
cap oxi hoa
khir
cue chu^n
A.
+ 1,56V va + 0,46V. B. -1,46V va - 0,34V.
C. - 0,76V va + 0,34V. ,. . ; ,(j D. - 1,56V va + 0,64V.
Huong ddn
gidi
Taco:
VdiE°
^ =0,8V.
Ag+/Ag
Ttr(2)=>E°^,,^^^
=
-H0,34V.
. ,
Tir(l)^E"
^ =0,34-1,1 =-0,76
(V).
Zn
/Zn
Vay
E° 2+ va E%^ iSn luot la - 0,76 V va + 0,34 V.
Zn2+/Zn
Cu^+ZCu
'
' ' ' '' Dap an diing la C.
4. Cho cac the'dien cue chu^n:
E°,+3/A,
= "
^zn^^/Zn
=
xa nhau nha't) c6 SDD chu^n 16n
nha't.
E;,„(Zn-Cu)
=E«^2.,,„
- E^^2.,,„
=
+0,34 - (-0,76) = 1,1 V.
Dap an dung la B.
5. Cho biet
phan
ihig
oxi hoa -
khir
xay ra trong pin dien hoa Fe - Cu la:
Fe + Cu-* ^ Fe-" + Cu
E"
(Fe-7 Fe) = - 0,44V, E° (Cu'V Cu) = + 0,34V.
Sua't
dien d6ng chudn cua pin
dien hoa Fe - Cu la
A.
0,10 V. B. 0,78 V. C. 0,92 V. D. 1,66 V.
Huong ddn
gidi
"
E''pin(Fe-Cu) =
E''cu2+/cu-
E^^+ZFe
. ' ;,i
=
=
Epi„(zn-Ag)
= 0-80 - (-0,76) = 1,56V
I
Dap an dung la B.
E°„(2„_c„)
=
1,10V;E°_2.^^,,
=-0,76V va
E^^+^^g
=+0,80V.
SuSt
dien
dong chuiin ciia pin didn hoa Cu-Ag la
A.
0,46V. B. 0,34V. C. 1,14V. D. 0,56V.
Huong
dan gidi
^cu^^cu =^pi"(zn-Cu) +
E«^,,^^^_
=l,10
+
(-0,76) = +0,34(V)
V^y^
KHC ,)=K,^,A,-
-^CU^^CU
=0,80-0,34 = 0,46(V).
Dap an dung la A.
8. Cho
bifl:
Vay pin diroc ca'u tao boi hai cSp
Mg'"
/Mg va Zn'" /Zn
Dap an diing la C.
9.
Cho the' dien circ
chuan:
Zn""/ Zn = - 0,76V; Fe'V Fe = - 0,44V; Ni'V Ni = -
0,26V; Cu-7 Cu = + 0,34V. Pin dien hoa c6
sua't
dien
d6ng
chudn nho
nha't
la
pin
tao bai hai dien cue
A.
Fe-Ni B.Zn-Fe C. Zn - Cu D. Ni - Cu
Huong
ddn gidi
Ti'nh
sua't
dien d6ng chuSn E° ciia cac pin:
Epe-Ni
=-0,26-(-0,44)=0,18(min)
-;0
-•(;'>
<y ^i-
Ezn-Fe=-0'44-(0,76)=0,32V
utig:
X +
R'" ^
X"" + R
X + M'"
-> kh6ng xay ra.
Thii
tu trong day dien hoa: M
->
X
->
R
Theo bai ra:
Eji„M-x
=
E"^„.^^
-(-0,76)
=0,63
vay
E;,,X_.
=E»2.^,
-E^„,^^
=0,34-(-0,13) = 0.47V
Dap an dung la A.
11. Trong cac cap oxi hoa - khu:
Zn""/ Zn;
Cu""/ Cu;
Ag"/ Ag; Ni""/ Ni
thi pin dien
hoa
=>Epi„
Idn
nha't
la pin tao
bcri
Zn'" /Zn va
Ag"
/
Ag
.
Dap an dung la A.
/'//(///
lixii \ pJicij)
i^icJFBT
H6(i hoc 12 -Cii
Thanh
Toan
12.
Cho cac the' dien
circ
chudn: E° =
-1,66V;E°
2+ ,^ =
+0,34V
. Bifi't
suS't
didn
dong chuiiin ciia pin: E"„_CU = M^'E^p-Ai
=0,71V
. Vay
phan
ihig oxi
hoa - khiir
1. Cho E",,, 2+ = -
0,76V;
E"c„ 2+ = +
0,34V;
E\, 2+ ^, = -
0,23V.
Cac
cation
CO
tinh
oxi hoa giam din
theo
thii
tir
A.
Ni-\^ Zn'\. Cii'\^
Ni"*.
C. Cu-^ Nr\^ D. Nr\^ Cu-\
Huong
ddn
gidi
• Sapthu-tir
E''M"^M
:E''cu^^cu>EV^%i >^\„^'
=> Cac cation c6
tinh
oxi hoa Cu"* >
- VI E-'x-V > E^x-T ^
E%y+;v
- E°x^V >
E\>V-E^x^V
Cty
TNHH
MTV
DVVH
Khcms-
Viet
E^v
y+/Y > E"TTinh khu T>Y. (3)
Tir(2,3)^Z<
Y<T. kj
Tir(l),
(2, 3)
=>Z<
Y<T<X.
Dap an
dung
la B.
3. Cho
sua't
dien dong
chuan
E" ciia cac pin dien hoa:
E"(Cu - X) =
0,46V;
E^CY - Cu) = 1,1V;
E"(Z
Vi
EV-cu, =
0,47V
:=> E"c.2^cu > E'V/^/z
=> Trih khuCu <Z. (3)
Vi
F" -i. F° —> F" 2+ _ pO y+ ^ F" 2+ - pO 7,+ l*
* ' (' -Cii) E, ,x_Cu) ^ ^ Cu /Cu C Y -' /Y I- Cu /Cu ^ Z /Z- »
^ E\+
/Y
< E"z ^+
r,,
=> Tinh khijf Y > Z. (4)
Tu(l,
2, 3,4)
taco:
X<Cu<Z<Y. Dap an diing la B,
4.
Cho su£ t dien dong
chuan
E° ciia cac pin dien hoa:
Ex_Y -l,lV;Ex_z =0,78V;E"_Z =0,46V (X, Y, Z, T la bon kim loai).
Day cat: kim loai xep
theo
chilu tang ddn
tinh
khCr tir
tnii
sang
phai la
- Do do, thu tu tren day dien hoa ciia cac kim loai: X > T > Z > Y.
>
' /
vay
tinh
khir tang ddn
theo
thii
tu Y, Z, T, X.
Dap an diing la A.
5. Trong day the dien cue
chuan
ciia kim loai, vj tri mot so cap oxi hoa - khu
duoc
sdp xep nhu sau: ' • ' • ' "
Al'VAl,
Fe-^/Fe,
Ni=*/Ni,
Cu'VCu,
Fe'^/^e=^
AgVAg, Hg=*/Hg. ,
/'/(,/(/
\
p/i(/p
gidi
BT Hoa hoc 12 -Ci)
Thanh
Toan
Trong
so cac
Fc r*
Ag
•
Hg
Dira
vao day dien hoa trSn va qui tdc a ta bid't
duoc
cac kim loai trong
doan
Fe-*/Fe
va Fe'*/ Fe"* se
chi khiJr
diroc Fe'* > Fe"*.
Do
do
CO
3 kim loai Fe, Ni, Cu.
f)ap an dung la
C.
6.
Day cac ion xep
theo
chilu
giam ddn
tinh
oxi hoa la (biet trong day dien hoa, cap
Fe'*/ Fe-* diJng trirorc cap
Ag*/Ag)
A.
Fe'*,
oxi hoa manh hon Cu"*.
D.
Fe-* oxi hoa
duoc
Cu.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
•
Xet cac phuong an sau:
A. Dung.
Fe-*/Fe
+ Cu-*/Cu (quy tdc a):
Fe + Cu-* > Fe-* + Cu.
B. Dung.
Tinh
oxi hoa Fe'* <
H*
<
Cu"*
<
Ag*.
C.
Dung.
2Fe'*
+ Cu > Cu"* +
2Fe-*.
D. Sal.
Fe'* c6
tinh
Mn-*, H*, Ag*,
Fe'*. D.
Mn"*, H*,
Fe'*,
Ag*.
Hu&ng
dan
gidi
-
Ta c6:
(1)
Ag* +Fe-* > Fe'* + Ag
Ti'nh
oxi hoa Fe'* < Ag*.
(2)
Mn +
2H*
> Mn-* + H, -)
z=> Tmh oxi hoa
Mn"*
<
H*.
Do
do
Mn'*
<
H*
< Fe'* <
Ag*. Dap an diing la
D.
oxi hoa: Fe^" < Fe"*" < Ag"
Dap an dung
la B.
10.
Thii
tu m6t s6' cSp oxi hoa - khCr trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Fe-*/Fe;
Cu'*/Cu;
Fe'*/Fe"*.
Cap
chat
khong
phan
ung
vori
nhau la
A.
Fe va dung djch FeClj.
B.
dung dich FeCK va dung dich
CuQi.
C. Fe va dung djch CuCl
D.
Cu va dung djch FeClj. ! .
Huong ddn
gidi
.j,,'
X^t
cdc phuofng an:
A.
Phat
b'iiu nao sau day la
dung?
37
A.
Cu
klurduDC
Fe'*
th;uih
Fe . B. Cu"^^
oxi hodduoc
Fe^"^
thanh
Fe^^
j
C Fe'*
oxihoaduDC
Cu
thiuih
Cu^* . D. Fe"*
oxi hoadiioc
Cu
thaiih
Cu^* .
Huong dan
gidi
;
Ta c6: Cu +
2Fc^^
^
Tlii}
tir
tinh
oxi hoa giam
diln
la
A. Zn-*
>
Sn=*
>
Ni"*
>
Fe"*
> Pb'*.
B.
Pb-*>Sn-*>Ni-*>Fe-*>Zn-*.
C. Sn-*>Ni-*>Zn-*>Pb-*>Fe-*.
D.
Pb-*
>
Sn-*
>
Fe-*
>
Ni'*
>
Zn"*.
Huong dan
gidi
ThiJ
day la
A.
Sn-*. B. Cu-*. C. Fe-*. D.
Ni"*.
Huong dan
gidi
Trong
cling dieu kiSn (nhiet d6, nong do),
thu-
tir
tfnh
oxi
hoa
ciia
cac
ion
la:
Fe-*<Ni-*<Sn-*<Cu^*
=>
Ion
CO
tfnh
oxi
hoa
manh
nhat
la
Cu"*. Dap
an
diing
D.
Tfnh
oxi
hoa ciia
Ag*
>
I.
> Fe'* >
Cu"*
>
S"-
Huong dan
gidi
Xet
cac
phuong
an:
g
A. Sai,
VI
tfnh
oxi
hoa
Fe'*>Cu^*
2Fe'*
+ Cu
^
2Fe-+ + Cu^*
B.
Sai,
Cu
+ 1, -> Cu^* +
2r ;
Tfnh
oxi hoa:
Ij
> Cu^*
2Fe-^*
+ 2r->2Fe^*+l2
=^TfnhkhiJf:
F
>Fe^*;
Tfnh
oxi hoa:
Fe'* >
I,
^
Ul^^l^
*
Cac
the
dien circ
chuilin
E"
Oxi
hoa/Kh
K*/K
Mg-*/Mg
Zn-*/Zn
s/s-'
deu
oxi
hoa
duoc
kim loai
Fe la
Au-'*,Fe-'*
B.
Cr2*,Cu2*,Ag*
Cu^\Ag\.
Zn^^Cu2*,Ag^
Huong dan
gidi
Cac ion oxi
hoa
dugc
Fe (cac
ion ciia
cac
kim loai dung
sau Fe
trong
day
dien
hoa va ion Fe''*
:
2Fe'*
+
Fe-^3Fe2*
Cu-*+Fe^Cu + Fe^^
t
rfffftrr
t r 'ff.
Zn
+
2FeCl3
ZnCl,
+ 2FeCl2
Cu
+
2FeCl3
->
CuCl,
-b-2FeCl2
Al
+ 3FeCl3 ^
AICI3
+ 3FeCl2
Mg
+
2FeCl3->
MgClj
+
2FeCl2
r -rt)!
Im
Dap an
dung
la
B.
+ 2Fe^*
:
Fe +
2Fe^^
^3Fe2+
" Cu
+ 2Fe2^
^Cu^^+2Fe2^
Dap an
dung
la
C.
18. Cho
biet
thiif
tu tir
trai
sang
phai cOa
cac
cap oxi hoa
-
khir trong day dien hoa
(day the dien cue
chu^n)
nhu sau:
Zn^*
/Zn;Fe2+
/FeiCu^^
/Cu;Fe-'VFe2^;
Fe-'^
Dap
an
dung
la A.
19. Cho gia trj
thd'
dien cue
chua'n
ciia mot
so
cap oxi hoa
-
khu:
Cap oxi hoaAhu
/M
/x
/Y
E°(V)
Phnn
,'rnr,
J.
-2,37
-0,76
-0,13
+
0,34
Phan
u-ng nao sau day xay
ra?
didn
d6ng
chua'n
ciia cde pin
didn
hoa:
,
Ez-H2
=
0,44V;
E^_^
=
0,78V;
E^_y
=
1,24V.
Bifi't
^°y3+/-^2+ = +
0,77V
; X, Y , Z
la cac kim loai,
cac
ion kim loai tuong ung
la X-\^ va Z'^
Cho rieng
biet
tung kim loai
X, Z
vao lucfng du m6i dung djch
chua
B. hai day Cu va Al
duoc
noi true tiep vdi nhau va de ngoai
kh6ng
khf dm.
C. de thanh
thep
ngoai khong khi dm.
D.
hai thanh Cu, Zn
duoc
noi vdi nhau bdi day dSn va cung nhiing vao dung dich HQ.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Khong
xay ra hien tuong an mon dien hoa khi
khong
thoa
man
ca 3
di^u
kidn
an mon dien hoa:
- Co
2
dien cue
c6
ban
chat
Sn.
Khi nhiing hai thanh kim
loai Pb va
Sn
duoc
nd'i vdi nhau
bang
day dan dien vao mdt dung djch
chat
dien
li
thi
A.
chi
CO
Sn
bj
an mon dien hoa.
B. chi
CO
Pb bi an mon dien hoa.
fi,;. ^ ,
C.
ca
Sn va
Pbdeu
khdng bj an mon
difin
hoa.
, ,
Pb,
Sn
khae
nhau, ndi
v6i
nhau bing
day
dfui,
cung nhiing
vao
dung dich
chat
dien li), do do kim loai
c6
tinh
khu manh hon
(cue
am)
se bj an
mon dien
hoa (d
day
la Sn), con
kim loai
c6
tfnh
khu yeu hon
(cue
duong,
a
Cac trucrng hop xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa:
Ni-Cu:
Ni
+
CuS04->Cui+NiS04
Ni-Ag:
Ni
+
AgNO, ^2Agi+Ni(NO,)2
=>
Co 2
truong hop. Dap
an
diing
la C.
4. Tid'n hanh
4
thi nghiem
sau:
- Thi nghiem
1:
Nhung thanh
Fe
vao dung djch
FeCl,.
- Thi nghiem
2:
hop
xuat hien
an
mon dien
hoa
khi
thoa
man
3
dieu ki6n
an
mon
dien
hoa.
- Thi nghiem
1:
Chi
c6 1
ditn
circ
(cue Fe).
- Thi nghiem
2: Fe +
CUSO4
>
Cui
+ FeS04
Thoa
man
3
Cu).
- Thf nghiem
4:
Thoa
man
3
dieu kien
an
mon dien
hoa.
Vay
CO
hai truong hop
thoa
man xua't hien
an
mon dien
hoa
(TN2
va
TN4).
Dap
an
dung
la B.
5.
Co 4
dung djch rieng biet: HCl, CuCK,
FeCl,,
HCl
Fe/
dd CuCU
: Fe +
CuCU
> Cu +
FeCl.
(Cu sinh
ra
bam vao thanh
Fe =>
thoa
man
3
dieu kien
an
mon di6n hoa).
2.
Fe/dd
HCl, CuCl,: Tuong tir tren
'
Dap
an
diing
la C.
6. Cho cac hap
kim
sau: Cu - Fe
(I);
Zn - Fe
(II);
mon trudc khi
Fe
dong vai
tio cue am (Fe c6
tfnh
khu manh hon,
hay
noi
each
khae
la Fe
dung truoc trong day dien hoa).
Do do,
cac
hop kim ma
Fe bj
an mon trudc
la:
Cu
- Fe
(I);
Fe - C
(III);
Sn - Fe
(IV)
Dap
an
diing
la C.
7. Tien hanh
1. B.4. C.2. D.3. ;
Huong
ddn
gidi
Chi
CO
thf nghiem
(a)
thoa
man
3
dieu kien de'
xay ra an
mon dien
hoa:
Fe
+
CUSO4
^
Cu
i +FeS04 ,^
^
,
Fe
+
H2S04(l)—^FeS04
+
H2
=> Chi
CO
De
xay ra an
mon dien
hoa
thi
pluii
dong thai
thoa
man
3
diSu kien
an
mon dien
hoa. Do do, thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch
CUSO4
thi
se
xay
ra an
mon dien hoa.
Dap
an
diing
la D.
43
I
HUH
luiii
;jmiu)i,n
i)iiui>
Hop
kim Fe - Zn bj an mon dien hoa:
Anot
(circ -): Zn Zn^^ + 2e (bj an mon)
Catot
(+, Fe):
IHjO
+ + 4e ^ 40H"
(chang
ban)
Vay kem dong vai tro
anot
va bj oxi hoa.
Dap
an
dung
la D.
Chii y; Trong pin dien hoa: Cue am (bj an mon) la anot (noi xay ra qua
trinh
oxi
hoa), cue ducmg la
catot
(duoc bao ve).
10.
Co 5 dung djch rieng biet:
a) HCl, b)
CUSO4,
c) Fe,(S04),„ d) HCl c6 iSn
CuCK,
e) ZnS04.
¥cSO^
+ Cu i
- Fe -
CUCI2
/
HCl:
Fe +
CUCI2
^
FeCl2
+ Cu i
Dap
an
dung
la D.
11. Co 4 dung djch rieng biet: HCl,
FeCl,,
AgNO,,
CUSO4.
Nhung vao m6i dung
djch mot thanh Fe nguyen
chat.
So truonig hop xua't hien an mon hoa hoc la
A.
4 B. 2 C. 1 ' D. 3 '
Huong
ddn
gidi
Xua't hien an mon hoa hoc khi c6 xay ra phan
ling
difin
hoa (vi thoa man 3 di^u
kifin
cua Sn mon
difen
hoa).
Pang
7: Bat tap
dien
phan
1, Dien phan dung dich
CUSO4
vdfi
anot
bang
dong
(anot
tan) va
di6n
phan dung
djch
CUSO4
vdri
anot
bang
graphit (dien cue tro) dau c6 dac di^m chung la:
A.
6
catot
xay ra sir oxi hoa:
CUSO4:
* Dien phan
vdri
anot
bang
dong (cue duong tan):
Catot
(-): Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu (sir khir Cu"" -> Cu)
Anot
(+): Cu -^Cu^"" + 2e (sir 6xi hoa Cu Cu"")
* Dien phan vdi
anot
bang
graphit (dien cue tra):
Catot
(-): Cu^
+2e->Cu
Anot
(+):
2H2O
->
4H^
+
O2
+ 4e (sir oxi hoa)
=> Dac di^m chung la cf
catot
xay ra sir khir Cu^"^ + 2e ^ Cu
Dap
an
The ti'ch khi thu duoc 0
anot:
V^^^^^^,) =
0,025.22,4
=
0,56(l)
Dap
an
diing
la D.
Phau
loai
va
pinfcng
phcip
fjicii
BT
Hoa
hoc 12 -Cii
Thanh
Toari
3. Hoa tan
13,68
gam muoi
MSO4
vao
nuac
duoc
dung dich
X.
dugc
a ca
hai dien cue la
0,1245
mol. Gia
trj
cua y la
•
A.
4,480.
B.
3,920.
C.
1,680.
Huong
dan
gidi
D.
4,788.
* Khi
t
(giay):
MSO4
+ H20-
—>M4+H2S04 +
0,502
^
0,07
<-0,035(mol)
* Khi
a(mol)
•
2OH-
+
H2 i
Ta
c6:
b(mol)
>a
=
0,085;
b
=
0,0545
2b
<-
2a + 2b = 0,28
b
+0,035.2
=0,1245
XacdinhM:
a =
13,68/(M
+ 96)
^0,0855
=
13,68/(M
+ 96) +
96 = 160 ^ M =
64(Cu)
lit. C.
224
lit.
D.
112 lit.
Huong
dan
gidi
- Khi dien phan dung dich NaOH thi H^O bi dien phan:
2H.0 2H:t
+ 0,T
-
Khdi
luong NaOH khong thay doi (nhung do lugng H.O giam dan nen nong
do NaOH tang dan).
Cty
TNHH
MTV
DVVH
Khani-
Viet
200.10
- Khoi luong dung djch sau khi ngirng dien phan:
dd'^ S.<>: >:> i
-
Khdi
luong dung dich bi giam chinh bing
khdi
lugng H.O bi dien phan:
m
•
.
22,4 = 22,4
(lit) Dap
an
diing
la C.
V
18 18,
5. Khi
didn
phan NaCl nong
chay
(dien cue tro), tai
catot
xay
ra
A.
sir khir ion Na"^.
B.
sir oxi hoa ion
CP.
C. su oxi hoa ion Na*. D. su
khiJr
ion CI".
Huong
dan
gidi
nong chay
^
dung
la A.
6. Dien phan (vdi dien
cue
tro)
200ml
dung djch
CUSO4
nong
do x
moi/1,
sau
mot
thoi
gian thu
dugc
dung dich
Y
viln
con mau xanh,
c6
khdi
lugng giam
8
gam
so
v6i
dung dich ban dau. Cho 16,8 gam bgt
sat
vao
64a +
32.0,5a
=
8=^80a
=
8=>a
=
0,l.
. ;
Fe
+ CUSO4
FeS04
+
Cu
i
Phan
ling
b <- b -> b
(mol)
Phan loai
va pliKcfng
phdp
fiicU
BT H6a lux- 12
—
Cii
Thanh Toan
Fe
+ H2S04(l)^>FeS04
+H2
duoc
chat
ran X, dung djch Y va khf Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe vao Y, sau khi cac
phan
utig
ke't
thuc
thu
duoc
14,5 gam h6n hop kim loai va khi
NO
(san phdm khir duy
nha't
cua N''^
).
Gia trj cua t la
A.
1,2. B. 0,3. C.0,8. D. 1,0.
Huong dan
gidi
Theobaira:
n^^^j^Q^
=0,15.1 =0,15mol.
Fe + Y -> h6n hop kim loai (=> Ag, Fe du)
=>
Trong Y c6 AgNO, (AgNO,
chua
bj dien
phan
he't).
= 1,9 =^ X = 0, l;y = 0,05.
So mol electron
trao
ddi: n^ =
nA
.
1
=
0,1
(mol)
Matkhac: n, =-^t = n,.F/I
=^
t =
0,1.96500/
2,68
=
3600s
=
1
gid
Dap
an
dung
la D.
S.
Dien
phan
100ml dung dich
Fe2(S04)3
IM (dien cue tro), vdi cucmg do dong
[H*]
= 0,1. 2/ 0,1 = 2M,
nfin
tiep
theo
se bj khir a
catot:
2H*
+ 2e ^ H,t
Do do, trong thcri gian t thi chi c6
Fe2(S04)3
bj dien
phan
theo
phuong trinh tren,
hay noi
each
khac,
o
catot
Fe^* bj
khir
hoan
toan thanh Fe"*.
Fe-^* + ' le ^ Fe-*
(0,1.2) (mol)
Ap
dung phuong trinh
Faraday,
ta c6: t =
mang
ngan
thi dung djch
sau dien
phan
c6 pH
tang
so vdi dung djch truoc khi didn
phan.
Vay dung dich
dem dien
phan
la
A.
dung dich
CUSO4
B. dung dich NaQ
C. dung djch
H2SO4
D. dung djch
HNO3
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Phuong
trinh didn
phan
cac dung djch:
*
Dung dich
CUSO4:
+ H2O
NaClO bj thuy
phan:
,
NaClO
+ H2O ?=>
NaOH
+
HCIO
40
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