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s
3 1.
11
13
14
17
18
52,00
Crom
Cr
[Ar]3d
5
4s
1
24
95,94
Mo
[Kr]4d
5
5s
1
42
183,85
Vonfram
W
[Ar]4f
14
5d
5
6s

Re
[Ar]4f
14
5d
5
6s
2
75
[264]
Bhori
Bh
[Ar]5f
14
6d
5
7s
2
107
55,85
Fe
[Ar]3d
6
4s
2
26
101,07
Rhuteni
Ru
[Kr]4d
6

27
102,91
Rh
[Kr]4d
7
5s
2
45
192,2
Ir
[Ar]4f
14
5d
7
6s
2
77
[268]
Meitneri
Mt
[Ar]5f
14
6d
7
7s
2
109
58,69
Niken
Ni

2
110
10,81
Bo
B
1s
2
2s
2
2p
1
5
26,98
Nhôm
Al
[Ne]2s
2
2p
1
13
69,72
Galli
Ga
[Ar]3d
10
4s
2
p
1
31

6
28,09
Silic
Si
[Ne]2s
2
2p
2
14
72,61
Germani
Ge
[Ar]3d
10
4s
2
p
2
32
118,7
Sn
[Kr]4d
10
5s
2
p
2
50
207,2
Chì

Arsenic
As
[Ar]3d
10
4s
2
p
3
33
121,8
Antimon
Ab
[Kr]4d
10
5s
2
p
3
51
209,0
Bismut
Bi
[A]
5d
10
6s
2
p
3
83

Te
[Kr]4d
10
5s
2
p
4
52
[209]
Poloni
Po
[A]
5d
10
6s
2
p
4
84
116
19,00
Flo
F
1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
9

At
[A]
5d
10
6s
2
p
5
85
117
1,008
Heli
He
1s
2
2
20,18
Neon
Ne
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
10
39,95
Argon
Ar
[Ne]2s

2
p
6
86
118
63,55
Cu
[Ar]3d
10
4s
1
29
107,87
Ag
[Kr]4d
10
5s
1
47
196,97
Vàng
Au
[Ar]4f
14
5d
10
6s
1
79
[272]

6s
2
80
[277]
Ununbi
Uub
[Ar]5f
14
6d
10
7s
2
112
phá phá
phá phá phá
1,008
H
1s
1
1
6,94
Liti
Li
1s
2
2s
1
3
22,99
Natri

1s
2
2s
2
4
24,31
Magie
Mg
[Ne]3s
2
12
40,08
Canxi
Ca
[Ar]4s
2
20
87,62
Stronti
Sr
[Kr]5s
2
38
137,31
Bari
Ba
[Xe]6s
2
56
[226]

[Ar]6d
1
7s
2
89
47,87
Titan
Ti
[Ar]3d
2
4s
2
22
91,22
Zirconi
Zr
[Kr]4d
2
5s
2
40
178,5
Hafni
Hf
[Ar]4f
14
5d
2
6s
2

5d
3
6s
2
73
[262]
Dubni
Db
[Ar]5f
14
6d
3
7s
2
105
1,008
H
1s
1
1
Tên
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Cr Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H
2

2
electron
s
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Nguyên lí Pau–li:
VD:
–
–
–
Sai
VD: C (Z = 6) N (Z = 7):
1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
1s
2
2s
2
2p
3

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p …

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p
i
n


8 7 8
A, B, D.
16 18
8 8
A vµ D.
A
1
A
2
…
A
n
*
x
1
x
2
…
x
n
(*
1
+ x
2
+ … + x
n
= 100 %)

1 1 2 2 n n
X

2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
2
4s
2
.
1
(A) proton và electron. (B
(C) electron. (D) proton, nơtron, electron.
2
(A) A = Z + P. (B) A = Z + E. (C) A = Z + N. (D) A = 2E.
3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12
6
X.
18
6
X.
18
12
X.
14

2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
2
. (D) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2
.
6
(A
(B
(C
(D
7
(A) 1s
2
2s
2

6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
8
4s
3
. (D) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
.
4
ns
2 9
ns
2
(n-1)d

VD:
– Al (Z = 13): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
cùng
s
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R).
I).
E).

KL).
Bz).
Tính phi kim (PK).
Ax).
– Tính phi kim.
– Tính axit.
><
R, KL, Bz
I, E, PK, Ax
N1
N2 N3

2
O MgO Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
P
2
O
5
SO
3
Cl
2
O
7
4 3 2 1
SiH
4
PH
3
H
2
S HCl
s
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9
(A
(B

2
O
5
(A) RH
5
. (B) RH
3
. (C) RH. (D) RH
2
.
J
(A
(B
(C
(D
K
(A) M < X < Y < R. (B) Y < M < X < R.
(C) R < M < X < Y. (D) M < X < R < Y.
L
(A) NaOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
. (B) Al(OH)
3
, Mg(OH)
2
, NaOH.
(C) Mg(OH)
2

Z 26
N 30
56
26
X
N
1 1,52
Z
s
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M

N
O
P
Q
2
s
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VD3:
– Mg (Z = 12): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
– Cl (Z = 17): 1s

2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
s
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R
K (Z = 19), Cr (Z = 24).
S
T
U
V
A
+ Z
B
s
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– Chú ý: x
1
+ x
2

Cl
35.75,77 37.24, 23
A 35, 48.
100
63 65
Cu vµ Cu.
63
Cu
63
Cu.
65
Cu
Cu
63.x 65.(100 x)
A 63,54
100
s
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W

X
Y
là X
1
và X
2 1 2
2
1
và X
2

4
:
trong HClO
4
.
a
trong H
3
BO
3
37
17
Cl
35
17
Cl.
37
17
Cl
37
17
Cl
37
17
Cl
4
HClO
M
37
17

%m .100 % 82,35 %
M 3
b
3
. Trong oxit mà
c
3
d
2
np
4
.
s
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Câu
1
D
2
C
3
A
4
C
5
B
6
A
7
A
8

H
C
I
B
J
A
K
C
L
B
E
O
O
8
16
P Z
A
= 12; Z
B
= 8
s
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Q
A
, Z
B
A
=19, Z
B
= 8

1
Cr (Z = 24): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
A
).
A
).
A
).
B
).
S
A
).
T
A
).
U

s
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Y
1
và X
2
Z C
4
Cl
17
37
Cl
17
37
= 0,2423.37 = 8,9651
4

1.M
HClO4
= 1 + 35,5 + 16.4 = 100,5
Cl
= 35,5
Cl
17
37
trong HClO
4
=
8,9651
100,5

BO
3
(14,42 %)