PHƯƠNG PHÁP VIẾT BÀI LUẬN
&
50 BÀI LUẬN MẪU
ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA
MÔN TIẾNG ANH

TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH

I – PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM CÂU TỰ LUẬN TRONG ĐỀ THI TIẾNG ANH
1. Các chủ đề thường găp trong yêu cầu viết đoạn văn?
Những chủ đề xuất hiện trong phần tự luận là những chủ đề gần gũi với các
em. Cụ thể như:
- Con người: sở thích của bản thân, người yêu thương nhất trong gia đình,
người bạn mà bạn yêu quý nhất, thần tượng…
- Giáo dục: môn học yêu thích, người thầy mà bạn ngưỡng mộ…
- Thể thao: môn thể thao yêu thích…;
- Du lịch: địa điểm du lịch mà bạn yêu thích…
- Công việc: ước mơ của bạn, người bạn muốn trở thành trong tương lai….
2. Phương pháp làm dạng bài viết đoạn văn trong đề thi THPT quốc gia
Để viết được một đoạn văn (paragraph), trước tiên các em cần hiểu rõ bố cục
và cách sắp xếp chi tiết trong một đoạn văn chứ không thể "nghĩ sao viết vậy" như
một số học sinh thường làm.
a) Cấu trúc & cách triển khai một đoạn văn viết bằng tiếng Anh:
Thông thường một đoạn văn viết bằng tiếng Anh có độ dài dao động trong
khoảng 80 đến 150 từ (words).
Trong một đoạn văn chuẩn thường phải có câu chủ đề (topic sentence).
Trong câu chủ đề phải có hai phần: chủ đề (topic) và ý chính (controlling idea).
Thông thường câu chủ đề là câu mở đầu đoạn văn. Mặc dù trong cách viết
tiếng Anh, câu chủ đề còn có thể có các vị trí khác trong đoạn văn, nhưng để an
toàn và không tự làm khó mình, khi thi các em nên sử dung cách viết với câu chủ


Trường hợp này bạn có thể bắt đầu từ bất kể vị trí nào: từ ngoài vào trong, từ
trong ra ngoài, từ trái sang phải, từ phải sang trái, từ dưới lên trên, từ trên xuống
dưới tùy theo góc độ mà bạn quan sát để mô tả.
Cuối cùng, bạn có thể kết thúc đoạn văn bằng một câu kết (concluding
sentence). Thông thường câu kết được thực hiện bằng cách viết lại câu chủ đề theo
một dạng khác mà thôi.
Ví dụ về một đoạn văn viết bằng tiếng Anh: Your school organizes a
competition for students to write about The world in which I would like to live in
the year 2020. Below is an essay by one of the studens. My ideal world would be a
peaceful one. There are no wars or conflicts between nations. People won’t have to
live under the threat of terrorism but all live together in harmony. Everyone has a
job to do, and there is a good healthy standard of living for all. I would also wish to
live in a clean healthy environment with less noise and less pollution. There are
more and larger parks where children can play and wildlife can be protected. But
my main desire is to see people less materialistic, less selfish, less violent and more
loving than they are now.
(Bản dịch tiếng Việt: Thế giới lý tưởng của tôi là một thế giới hòa bình. (Thế
giới đó) Không có chiến tranh hoặc mâu thuẫn giũa các quốc gia. Người dân sẽ
không phải sống dưới nỗi sợ khủng bố mà tất cả mọi người cùng chung sống hòa
thuận. Ai cũng có công ăn việc làm và mọi người đều có mức sống tốt đẹp. Tôi
cũng muốn sống trong một môi trường trong sạch, lành mạnh có it tiếng ồn và it bị
ô nhiễm. Nhưng khát vọng của tôi là được nhìn thấy mọi người bớt tôn sùng vật
chất, bớt ích kỷ, bớt bạo lực và thương yêu nhau nhiều hơn.).
Chúng ta sẽ thực hiện phân tích đoạn văn trên theo các ý sau:
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- Trong đoạn văn trên, câu đầu tiên (My ideal world would be a peaceful
one.) là câu chủ đề, trong đó topic là My ideal world và controlling idea là a
peaceful one (hiểu là a peaceful world).

them. With good health, we could interesting. Otherwise, if wewere rich but not
healthy, we would depend on others because we could not serveourselves in daily
life, become other’sload, we are easy to be angry or bored with everything. In
summary, healthis better than wealth.
TOPIC 2: CONDITIONS OF A TRUE FRIENDSHIP?
Our life will be happy if everybody has a true friendship. Making friends
isvery easy but the problem is how to get a true friendship? In my opinion
someconditions following:
First, we should be sincere and faithful with our friend from works to
behavior. We have to believe ineach other and understand each other. We usually
visit or get in touch eachother. Moreover, we should be always ready to share and
help with other inevery situation such as studying in group, taking part in club or
outdooractivities so that we canadvance.Besides, to get true friendship is to share
sadness and happiness,always support with each other every time and every where.
Therefore, afriendship is common provided that they respect and sympathize
witheach other.
In short, getting true friendship is very useful for our life.
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TOPIC 3: THE VALUE OF EDUCATION
Education improves our life for many things. The process of education is
theprogress of giving knowledge, developing our ability and training character
andmental power. Now society becomes modern thanks to it It help us understand
thevarious surroundings including various cultures and civilizations on the
earthfrom the lesson which are very useful. The economy is developing with
modernmachines and I’m sure you can’t use them if you don’t know knowledge
aboutthem, it also supports us to make machines serving daily life such as
TV,computer, air conditioners, car education brings us the lesson aboutpersonality
and virtue which helps us develop better and better.
TOPIC 4: Your favourite entertainment in your free time. (Trò giải trí

universities to became an engineer, a architect, a lawyer a professor, a science.
I opinion an interesting job it tobe helpful to ourselves, our families, our country
and the society.
We will be able to choose a career that suits us best and to lead a happy and
useful life.
As for my career : I would like to become a businessman. I will travel to
foreign countries to transact business, visit various places of interest, contact with
all kinds of people and have chances to communicate with them in english.
I hope that my dream would came true in the very near future.
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Để chuẩn bị tốt cho một công việc, theo tôi chúng ta phải đánh giá cao giáo
dục. Hầu hết những người làm công tác chuyên môn phải có thêm tri thức giáo dục
vượt ra ngoài cấp trung học.
Lượng thời gian giáo dục cần thiết của họ thay đổi tùy theo mức chuyên
môn nghề nghiệp. Họ phải đi đến các trường cao đẳng và đại học để trở thành một
kỹ sư, một kiến trúc sư, một luật sư, một giáo sư, một nhà khoa học.
Ý kiến của tôi về một công việc thú vị là nó hữu ích cho tương lai bản thân, gia
đình, đất nước và xã hội.
Chúng ta sẽ có thể chọn một nghề nghiệp phù hợp nhất để sống một cuộc
sống hạnh phúc và hữu ích.
Đối với sự nghiệp của tôi : tôi muốn trở thành một doanh nhân. Tôi sẽ đi du
lịch ra nước ngoài để giao dịch kinh doanh, tham quan nhiều nơi, liên lạc với tất cả
đối tác và có cơ hội để giao tiếp với họ bằng tiếng Anh. Tôi hy vọng rằng ước mơ
của tôi sẽ thành sự thật trong tương lai rất gần.
TOPIC 6: Your favourite sport. (Môn thể thao bạn yêu thích)
Sport is necessary for everyone. Sport not only brings good heath for every
body but also brings joy ment for many elderly to live longer so acording to me.
Sport is good for our heath.
Most people like sport. So do I, I like sport because sport is my favourite

disadvantages : smoke rising from factories and all kinds of vehicle on the streets
makes environment polluted and influence people's health. The noise all day and
night makes their minds tense. Traffic jams happen every day.
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Bản dịch: Những thuận lợi và khó khăn của cuộc sống trong một thành phố
lớn.
Như chúng ta biết, sống trong một thành phố lớn được cung cấp phương tiện
di chuyển tốt hơn so với bất cứ nơi nào khác. Tuy nhiên, có thuận lợi và khó khăn
khi sinh sống tại một thành phố lớn.
Trước tiên, tui nghĩ rằng cư dân sống trong một thành phố lớn được cung
cấp rất nhiều dịch vụ xã hội, chẳng hạn như chăm nom sức khỏe, giáo dục, công
việc tốt và họ có nhiều thời cơ để liên lạc hoặc làm việc với người nước ngoài, các
cư dân có thể dễ dàng đi du lịch nhanh chóng, nhờ vào cơ sở hạ tầng tốt. Bên cạnh
đó, dịch vụ xã hội giúp cuộc sống dễ dàng và thoải mái.
Mặt khác, người dân sống ở thành phố lớn phải gánh chịu nhiều bất lợi :
khói tăng từ các nhà máy và các loại xe trên các đường phố làm cho môi trường ô
nhiễm và ảnh hưởng tới sức khỏe con người. Tiếng ồn cả ngày và đêm làm cho tâm
trí của họ căng thẳng. Ùn tắc giao thông xảy ra hàng ngày.
TOPIC 8: My holiday
Last summer, I had a good holiday. I never forget that meaningful holiday.
When I came back my home from my holiday. First of all, I went to visit all my
uncles and aunts then I and some my friends went to visit all my old teachers. We
talked about our lives and works very much.
After that days, I stayed at home with my family. I helped my parents to
paint the house and did something else. I talked about my life in Ho Chi Minh city
and my work. My parents was very proud of me and I was very happy. After my
holiday, I came back Ho Chi Minh city to go on working. I think that I had a good
holiday and I’ll never forget it
Bản dịch: Kỳ nghỉ hè của tôi

you are tired, you can stop the journey and rest.
- Finally, if you have just the one car between you and your family, it can be
possible to share the vehicle between all of the family members thus providing
everyone with a mode of transport at all times.
TOPIC 10: The most useful machine in the twentieth century
Among the most useful inventins in the last century; I find the computer the
most important because of these reasons:
- First, when the computer is connected to the Internet, it is a good way of
learning anh getting information. You can read newspapers on line and download
lots of information from the web pages. Besides, you can learn online as well.
- Second, computers is convenient because it helps you work faster by
typing, printing document and storing data if you want.
- Finally, computer is a good way to entertain with many kinds of games and
entertainments. There are a lot of games and on line activities like forum or
facebook for you to share ideas and information with your friends. You can also
listen to music or watch movies if you like.
In short, computers are really useful and important to my life and my work.
TOPIC 11: Your favorite leisure activity (for women)
I often cook when I have free time because cooking is a joyful and relaxing
activity for me.
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- First, cooking a good meal brings happiness to my family. All the members
in my family can gather around the table and enjoy the food I cook and talk and
share the joy with each others.
- Second, cooking is my favorite hobby because I’m a woman. Cooking is
one way to show my feminine character and to show my responsibility in the
family.
- finally, cooking helps me reduce stress of everyday hard work and makes
me relaxed. When I cook, I can forget the problems that I have and just pay

because some people don’t want to work but only want money to play.
- In short, living in the city has many disadvantages so people have to
struggle a lot to survive.
TOPIC 14: Talk about your weekend activities
Weekend time is my favorite time in the week because I can enjoy myself
and do many relaxing activities I like.
In the morning, after a relaxing breakfast, I often call some of my friends to
ask them to go shopping with me. We spend the whole morning going shopping
and then have lunch in a restaurant in the centre of Hanoi.
Then, I come back home for a nap. In the afternoon, I often go swimming
with my neighbor if the weather is hot. In winter I go jogging in the central park
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instead. I usually have dinner with my family during weekend, so we can talk with
each other and share our stories. After dinner, I sometime listen to music or surf
the net to chat with friends or check emails. I usually do not go to bed late because
I will have lots of work on Monday.
In short, living in the city has many disadvantages so people have to struggle
a lot to survive.
TOPIC 15: Talk about on of your hobbies
People may have different hobbis such as listening to music, watching T.V,
dancing. playing games or collecting things. My hobby is to read books.
I enjoy reading many types of books, but my favorite is detective. I like
reading stories about Sherlock Holmes of author Conald Doyle. I often read books
in the evening after I finish preparing things for the next day’s work.
When I have free time, I often go to bookstores to look for new books. Once
a week, I go to the city library to read there. I sometimers read books on line if I
canot get hard copies of the books I want.
Books help me relax a lot after days of hard work. Thanks to books, I can
broaden my knowledge and learn new things.

interesting.
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In short, when we know a foreign language we can open a new to our world.
Because of the benefits of learning foreign languages, one should know at least one
foreign language.
TOPIC 18: Ways to have a good health.
If you want to have good health, you should follow these pieces of advice:
First, you should eat healthy food: lots of fruits, vegetable, fish and drink
enough water everydat to stay healthy. The Japanese eat a lot of fish so thay live
very long. You should eat less meat and fat food because thay may cause heart
diseases and increase the cholesterol level in your blood. Fruits and vegetables no
only bring you lots of vitamins and minerals but also help you have a better
immune system.
Second, you should exercise everyday by choosing a suitable sport such as
jogging, tennis, swimming, yoga… They not only make you strong but help you
relax as well. So, it helps you keep fit and stay healthy. If you don’t have much
time, you just need to do moring exercises regularly.
Finally, you need to have regular health check – up. If you have some
problems with your health, you should go to the doctor immediately before it gets
more serious. You should visit the doctor regularly in order to find out any diseases
you may have, so that you have a better chance to get rid of it.
In short, if you take this advice, you will have a good health.
TOPIC 19: Talk about your favorite television program
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Among many programs and channels available on TV these days such as the
current news programs, sport programs, entertaining programs, educational
programs and movie programs, etc., I like the program “the World of Animals”
most.

shared with each other all the joys and sorrow, so we have become close friends
since then.
My friend Nga is not very tall, but pretty with long black hair and a nice
smile. She is a very sincere, modest and helpful person. She likes painting and
painted many pictures. Also, I can still remember that Nga was very good at
literature and foreign languages.
We often meet each other when we have time. When we are very busy, we
often talk to each other on the phone or we chat on the Internet. Whenever we
meet, we often go to see other friends, go shopping or sit in a quite place to have
coffee. We talk about our life and share with each other our good news or
problems and see if we can help each other. Nga is really a good friend of mine, a
friend for life.
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TOPIC 22: Talk about your house/flat
I live in a house in Hanoi … The house is in a small and quiet street in
………… district of Hanoi/…It takes about half an hout to go to the city center.
The house was built 5 years ago. It isn’t a big house and has two floors.
In my house there are 4 main rooms: a living room, a dining rooms, two
bedrooms. Besides, we have a kitchen, a bathroom and a toilet.
We have a little but pretty garden; my family often spend our free time there
to grow plant and vegetables. Next to the garden there is a small yard where my
children often play after school.
In my house, I like the living room is my favorite one. This room was
painted light green, so we feel very pleasant. In this room, there is a tea table, a
sofa and a television. On the wall there is a couple of oil paintings. After dinner,
our family often spend time together talking to each other or watching a favorite
TV program. We often receive our guests in this room. I love my house. Everyday
when I come back home from work, I have a warm feeling of being together with
my whole family.

Among the most useful inventins in the last century; I find the computer the
most important because of these reasons:
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- First, when the computer is connected to the Internet, it is a good way of
learning anh getting information. You can read newspapers on line and download
lots of information from the web pages. Besides, you can learn online as well.
- Second, computers is convenient because it helps you work faster by
typing, printing document and storing data if you want.
- Finally, computer is a good way to entertain with many kinds of games and
entertainments. There are a lot of games and on line activities like forum or
facebook for you to share ideas and information with your friends. You can also
listen to music or watch movies if you like.
In short, computers are really useful and important to my life and my work.
TOPIC 26: Your favorite leisure activity (for women)
I often cook when I have free time because cooking is a joyful and relaxing
activity for me.
- First, cooking a good meal brings happiness to my family. All the members
in my family can gather around the table and enjoy the food I cook and talk and
share the joy with each others.
- Second, cooking is my favorite hobby because I’m a woman. Cooking is
one way to show my feminine character and to show my responsibility in the
family.
- finally, cooking helps me reduce stress of everyday hard work and makes
me relaxed. When I cook, I can forget the problems that I have and just pay
attention to the cooking.
Maybe, after relaxing, I feel much happier and I can solve my problem.
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In conclusion, cooking is my favourite activity when I have free time.

For these reasons, Da Nang has alwaus been one of my favourite tourist
attactions.
TOPIC 29: The importance of learning foreign languages
Nowadays, it is very important to learn a foreign language because of these
reasons:
First, learing a foreign language, English for example, helps us learn and get
imformation about new things in the world. There are a lot of books written in
English, French, Chinesse…
Second, it help us feel confident when we travel abroad. We can talk very
easily with people in other countries and learn a lot from them. We can use the
language to work and do business without an interpreter.
Finally, though a foreign language we learn we can learn more about the
people of that country, we know a lot about their culture and society and costoms
and traditions. We can become friends of many people so our life is more
interesting.
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