KINH
IE
DIA
PHirONG
Co
cdu
kinh te Tay Nguyen
va mot so
vdn
de dqt
ra^
BUI
QUANG TUAN
NGUYEN DINH HOA
r
rong thdi gian
qua,
kinh
te Tdy
Nguy&n
dat
dUOc
mot
sdket
qud
ddng
ghi
nhdn, tdc
d$
tdng triidng
cao han

Ca
cdu
kinh
t&
cua
viing chuyen dich
chUa
theo hiidng phdt
huy
Icfi
the ddc
thu.
vd lai
thd
so sdnh
cua
viing,
gid tri gia
tdng thdp. Cdch
tk&e
tdng trudng
vd
cO
cdu kinh
tenhu
vay
dang
ddt ra
nhieu thdch thiic
uSphdt

dich
cfl cau
kinh
te cua Tay
Nguyen
1.1.
Tdng triidng kinh
te
Kinh td' vflng Tay Nguyen
da cd
td'c
do
tang
trfldng
eao
thdi
ky
2001-2012,
dat
binh quan
12,99%/nam.
De'n nam
2012, tong
gia tri san
xua't
cua
vung
Tay
Nguyen
dat

Ddy
diiOc
coi la
thanh
tuu
ve
tang trfldng kinh
te'
cua vflng Tdy
Nguydn. Ddng
gdp vao
thanh tflu tang
trfldr^
nay eiia
eac khu
vfle nhfl
sau: khu
vUc
cdi^
nghiep
- xay
dflng: 39,9%,
khu
vflc ndng, lam,
thuy
san:
31,9%
vd
dich
vu:

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010 2011 2012
Ngudn:
NiSn
giam thdng
ke
cua cac tinh
TSy
NguySn.
Bili Quang
TuSn,
PGS.TS Vien Nghien
ciiu
phat
tri^n
ben viing Viing; Nguyen
Dinh
Hda, ThS., Vien Kinh
t^
Viet Nam.
I
Bai
viei
la
moi
phdn trong
san
phiim
cua De tai
TN3/X01 (Chuong

vdo tang trfldng ndng nghiep eua vflng la tieu
nganh ndng nghiep, vdi mfle 96,75%; lam
nghiep va thuy san, tfldng flng
la
2,48%
va
0,77%.
cac
nam 2002,
2005
va 2008 ed mfle
tang trfldng tha'p nha't, nguyen nhan ehinh la
do gia ndng san (cd phd) trdn thi trfldng the'
gidi giam manh trong nhflng nam nay.
• Cdng nghiip vd xdy dUng
Gia tri san xud't cua ngdnh cdng nghidp -
xdy dflng trong giai doan 2001-2011 tang
binh quan hdng ndm 19,70%. Gia tri san
xua't cua nhdm nganh
nay
tang tfl mfle
3360,329 ty ddng
nam
2001 len mfle
22.311,258 ty ddng
nam
2011 (tang 6,63 lan).
Tdc dd tang trudng cdng nghiep binh quan
nam
thdi

Idi
ddi vdi
phat triln ben vflng cua Tay Nguyen.
• Dich vu
Dich vu dUdc danh gid
la
mdt trong nhflng
ngdnh cd tiem ndng d Tdy
Nguyen,
tuy
nhien, hien nay ngdnh
nay
phat trien chfla
tfldng xflng vdi tiem nang. Td'c dd tang
trfldng trung binh giai doan 2001 - 2012 cua
nganh dich vu dat 16,78%, trong dd giai doan
2001-
2006 dat
15,33%
va
giai doan 2007
-
2012 dat
18,23%.
Ke tfl nam 2005, tdc do
tang hang
nam
ve gid tri san xud't cua
nganh dich vu eao hdn td'c do tang chung
cua nen kinh te'. Gid tri tdng san pham cua

dd, hnh vUe ndng, lam, thuy san cd
mfle
nang
sua't tha'p
nh^t
so vdi cac nganh khac
(ehi
dat
10,98 trieu ddng). Hdn nfla, khoang each chenh
lech ve
mfle
nang sua't gifla ngdnh edng nghiep
- xay dflng so vdi ndng, lam, thuy san
ngdy
cang
doang rdng ra. Neu nhfl nam 2001, khoang
each
nay
la
3,6 lan,
thi
de'n nam 2012, khoang
each
nay la 8,36 lan. Xu hfldng nay, mdt mat, phan
anh qua trinh chuyen dich cd eau lao ddng tfl
ndng nghiep sang cdng nghiep (tfl nganh ed
nang suat lao ddng thap sang nganh cd nang
sua't lao ddng cao hdn) trong thdi gian qua didn
ra cham; mat khac, nd ciing the hien nganh
ndng,

sd
4-20'll.tr.58-65.
Nghiin ciiu Kinh Idsi
435
- Thing
8/2014
45
C0
cau
kinh
te Tay
Nguyen

eao - la
yeii
to quyet dinh
toe
do tang nhanh
nang
suat
lao
ddi^
va nang Ifle canh tranh.
NhiJng
ban chd' ve chat Ifldng ngudn nhan
Iflc
la mdt trong nhflng nguyen nhan dan den
nang suat lao ddng cua vung Tay Nguyen cdn
tha'p.
Theo didu tra lao ddng va

xud't mdi ddi hdi nhan
Iflc
cha't Ifldng eao.
vflng Tay
Nguydn
(trieu ddng I lao ddng)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-^ Tdng
stf
10345 107,62
,
—•—
Ntfng,
lam,
thuy san
j^
'
-*-C6ng nghiep-xay dung
84,20
°''™/^
—•—Dichvu
75,94
^
32,76 32,57

cua cac
tinh
Tay Nguyen.
• Hieu qud ddu tU
Tang trfldng kinh te' cao eua Tay Nguyen
gan
lien vdi tang manh vd'n dau tfl, the hien
qua ty
Id
dau tfl so vdi GDP tdng trong giai
doan vfla qua, tfl 43,56% nam 2001 len 51,77%
nam 2011; trung binh giai doan 2001 - 2011, ty
le
nay dat 46,2%. Hieu qua dau tfl tha'p dflde
the hien rd qua he
sd
ICOR cao vd cd xu hfldng
gia tdng theo eac nam gan ddy (hinh 3).
Sfl tang ngudn vd'n ddu tfl eua
viing Tay
Nguydn trong thdi gian qua chu ye'u la tfl
kinh td' ngodi nha nfldc, vdi ty le 69%, trong
khi dd, khu vflc kinh te' nha nfldc la 29,7% vd
khu vflc kinh te' cd vd'n ddu tU nfldc ngoai la
1,3%. Xet theo thanh phan kinh te, he so'
ICOR cua khu vfle ed vd'n dau tfl nfldc ngodi
cao hdn kha nhieu so vdi cac khu vflc khac.
Trong giai doan 2006 - 2011, de tao ra dflde 1
ddng GDP, kinh te' ed vd'n ddu tfl nfldc ngodi
cdn 12,30 ddng vd'n ddu tfl, trong khi dd, kinh

lo^
cdy cdng nghiep ddi hdi ngudn
v6h
I6n.
46
Nghiin aiu
Kmh
i4s6435
-
Thing
8/20i*
Co eh kinh
l£ ray
Nguyen .
HlNH
3: Ty le von dau
tit
va he so
ICOE
cua vung Tay Nguyen giai doan 2000-2011
8
7
6
S
3
2.
1
0
J*7,56
^!^i< 44,«

?
40|
3
30'^
t
2oa!-
p
10
0
Ngudn
• Tinh
todn
tir
Nien giam th6ng ke cua cac tinh Tay Nguyen.
• Dong gdp cua cdc nhdn td' vdo tdng
trUdng kinh te
Tren khia canh ddng gdp vao tang trfldng
kinh
td^
ciia vflng Tay Nguyen, tdng trfldng
kinh
t^
cua vflng Tdy Nguydn chfla ben vflng.
Tdng trfldng kinh td' cua vung chu ye'u dUa
tren cae ydu td ddu vdo (vd'n, lao ddng
va
khai thac cdc ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien).
Nhi^u
nghien cflu tie'n hdnh ddc lap deu cd
ciing mdt nhdn dinh nhfl

phu thuoc
vao
vd'n dflde the
hi^n
nhfl hinh 3 vdi ty Id vd'n ddu tfl ngay
cdng tang, song hidu qua ddu tu lai giam
xudng. Ddng gdp ciia TFP
ngay
cang giam
cflng cd nghia Id vai trd cua khoa hoc cdng
nghe, tinh chuyen nghiep
va
chd't Ifldng quan
\S,
vd vai trd cua
thd'
ch^
hien nay
Id
tha'p
ne'u khdng ndi
la
rat
it.
Trong khi dd, cdc yeu
td'
nay
mdi la cac ye'u td' quan trong, quyet
dinh nang
lUc

va
TFP
vao
tang trfldng eua eac
tinh
tfldng flng nhfl sau: Kon Tum (63,45%;
58,31%;
-21,76%), Gia Lai (42,06%;
40,03%;
17,91%).
Dak Lak (47,30%; 44,09%; 8.61%),
Lam Ddng (33,77%;
28,41%;
37,82%). Nhfl
vay, tang trfldng cdng nghiep cua cac tinh
vflng Tay Nguyen ehu yeu la tdng trfldng
theo chieu rdng, chu ye'u dfla vao gia tang
NghiSn
aiu
Kinh l4s6435
•
Thing
8/2014
47
CO
c^u
kinh
t^Tay
Nguyen


nay
cho tha'y vai trd eua khoa hoc
cdng nghe, trinh do quan ly va the che' cua
tinh Kon Tum cdn tha'p va chfla dflde phdt
huy. Nen kinh te' tinh Kon Tum tdng trfldng
chu ye'u dua
vao
vd'n
va
lao ddng.
Nhfl vay, vdi each tinh toan chung cho ca
HINH 4: Cfl ca'u kinh te theo nganh cua
vflng, eho mdt nganh kinh te hay cho
mSt
tinh
ciia Tay Nguyen,
diu
cho
thd'y
tang
trfldng
kinh
te' cua Tdy Nguyen chu ye'u la
dfla tren cac yd'u to' dau vao,
yeii
to TFP (ve
mat cdng nghe, the chd) ddng gdp cdn
rd't han
che.
2.2. Chuyen dich

nghidp - xdy
dimg
D
Dich
vu
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010 2011 2012
Ngudn:
Nien giam
th6ng
ke cua cac
tinh TSy
Nguyen cac
nSm.
Cflng nhfl ca nfldc, cd
cd'u
kinh te' cua
vflng Tdy Nguyen dang cd chuyen dich theo
hfldng edng nghiep hda. Ty trong ndng, lam,
thuy san giam tfl 48,9% nam 2002 xudng cdn
48,8%
ndm 2005
va
46,3%
nam
2012; ty
trong cdng nghiep -
xay
dflng tdng tfl 25,2%
ndm 2002 len 29,8% nam 2012. Nhfl vay, ke

cau
kinh
t^
Tdy
Nguyen
,
san xudt
vdt lidu
xdy dflng va dac biet
la
khai thac thuy
dien, la
cac nganh khdng cd
vai trd quyet dinh vl
nang
Iflc canh tranh
lau
ddi cua vung. Hay ndi
each
khdc, chuyen dich
cd cdu kinh
t^
cua viing trong thdi gian qua
chu ydu
la
do gia tdng vl Ifldng (phat trien
cac nganh khai
thac
tai nguyen), it ed
sti

nganh trdng trot
chiem tdi
84,8%;
chdn
nudi chi chid'm 12,7%.
Cac loai cay cdng nghidp
Idu
ndm ddng vai
trd
chinh
trong trdng trot cua vung
Tay
Nguyen, hang
nam
chiem tren 60%. Cae loai
cdy cdng nghiep lau ndm hien nay tren dia
bdn
la
ca phe, cao su, hd tieu, dieu, che,
Tong didn tich cac loai cay edng nghiep
Idu
ndm dat 880.815 ha (nam 2011), tang
248.648 ha so vdi nam 2001; trong giai doan
2001-2011,
trung binh mdi
nam
tang khoang
3,6%. Ddi vdi cac cay cdng nghidp
lau
ndm,

Id
nhilu
vdn dl: phat trien khdng theo quy hoach,
khdng kiem soat dUde ve dien tich. NgUdi
ddn cd
tam ly
chay theo phong trao, chay
theo gia ca ndng san (vi du: khi
ca
phe dUdc
gia thi ngfldi
dan
dua nhau md rdng dien
tich, chat bd eac cay trdng khdc), cdi vdng
ludn quan "trdng - chat" cfl lien tuc xay ra.
Mat khac, gia tri san xud't cac
loai
cay
cdng nghiep thie'u tinh on dinh, phu thude
vao dieu kidn tfl nhien, nhflng ndm dflde mua
thi gia tri cao, mat mfla thi gia tri
thd'p,
khdng thu dUdc nhieu tfl khdu che' bien de
tao ra gia tri gia tang cao hdn.
Ca
phe, bd
tieu va cao su
la
hang hda trao ddi Idn
va

2004
11,6
13,4
14,2
2005
12,2
12,9
13,6
2006
11,9
12,4
13.4
2007
10,6
12,1
13.4
2008
10,6
12,1
13.4
Ngudn:
Tdng
cue
Thfing ke.
Mdt
trong nhflng loai cay trdng chu
Iflc va
ddng gdp dang
kl
vdo gia tri san xua't ndng


BANG 2: Gia tri gia tang san pham ca phe
Dong san
pbam
Ca phe nhan \6i
xulft
khdu
Ca phe nhan che
xu^t kh^u
Ca phe hoa tan nguyen
chfCt
Ca phe
rang xay
Ca phe
hoa tan
ph6i tr6n (2
in
1,
3 in
1
v.v )
Tdng
Cff cau san pham
(%)
87
6
1
2
4
100

cho thanh phd' Hd
Chi
Minh
va cac
tinh phia
Bde.
Cae san pham hoa cua Dd Lat ndi rieng
vd ca nfldc ndi chung hien nay mdi ehi qua
cac edng doan cat,
tia
vd bao quan, de phuc
vu cho nhu cdu tieu dung ndi dia dfldi dang
hoa tfldi, vi the' gia tri gia tang khdng cao.
Vide che' bien hoa thanh cac san phdm nhfl
boa khd (tranh bang la, tinh ddu, ) mac dfl
cd thi trUdng, ed nhu cau vd cd gia tri gia
tang cao, nhUng vide thUc hien theo eac
chudi san pham nay hien vdn dang cdn bd
ngd.
Bdi vdi ngdnh
Idm
nghiep, trong cd cd'u
kinh te, nganh nay chiem ty le khdng dang
ke (chi 3,9% trong giai doan 2001 - 2012) va
cd xu hfldng giam ddn, do ea dien tich va cha't
Ifldng rflng deu suy giam. Ddng gdp chu yd'u
vao
nganh lam nghiep la khai thac lam san
(75,1%);
eac boat ddng nhfl trdng va nudi

va Idi
the' canh tranh ciia
vung. Dieu nay cung ham y rdng, cdng
nghiep che' bie'n cdn dflde flu tien dau tfl, vai
trd cua doanh nghiep can phat trien manh
hdn nfla de hd trd ndng nghiep va gia tdng
gia tri san pham cd
Idi
the'.
• Cdng nghiep vd xdy dUng
Trong nganh cdng nghiep eua vung Tay
Nguyen, trong giai doan 2001-2011, cong
nghiep ehe' bie'n chie'm ty trong cao nhd't
(79,3%),
tiep den
la
san xua't didn (16,4%) vd
cdng nghiep khai thac md (4,3%). Tuy nhidn,
xu hudng cua nganh edng nghiep che biln
dang giam ddn; ngfldc
lai,
nganh
cdng
nghiap
khai thac
va
san xua't, cung flng didn cd xu
hfldng gia tdng manh, nhd't la trong nhflng
nam gan day. Ddng gdp cua ngdnh cdng
nghiep che bien ngdy

vflc,
san pham chfla cao, kha ndng canh
tranh cua san phdm cdn thd'p. Cdng nghiep
che bien nong,
lam
san chfla sau, phdn Idn la
sd che, ty
le
san phdm tinh che chfla cao, han
chi
sflc canh tranh va xuat khdu.
Chuyen dich cd ca'u nganh san xua't dien d
Tdy Nguydn Id do
vide
xay dflng cdc nhd may
thuy didn quy md
Idn,
vfla vd nhd trong
nhflng ndm qua.
Din
ndm 2012, trdn cac he
thdng sdng chinh eiia Tay Nguyen nhfl sdng
Ba, Se San, Srepok, Ddng Nai cd den 287 dfl
an thuy dien, vdi tong cdng suat 6.991,8 MW,
gdm 43 dfl dn
(5.528,7
MW) thuoc quy hoach
bac
thang thuy dien tren ddng chinh va 244
du an (1.463 MW) thude quy hoach thuy dien

Cdng
nghidp
khai
thac
md
D
Cdng
nghidp
chd
bidn
D
San
xudt
va
phan phdi
dien,
khi
ddt va
ni/dc
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

tinh Tay Nguyen; khai thac
vonfram
d Kon
Turn; khai thac cac loai da xay dflng d Gia
Lai;
khai thac bauxite d Lam Ddng Phdn
Idn ho^t ddng
khai khoang d Tdy Nguyen
mang tinh chd't tu phat (nhU khai
thac
vat
lieu
xdy dflng), manh mun, nhd le, ngdn han.
Bieu hien eua tinh trang
nay la
gia'y phep
khai thac dflde ea'p phep tran Ian, chia cac
md thdnh cac md nhd de cap phep. Trong khi
chfla chfl trong nhieu dd'n tieu chi ndng
Iflc,
cdng nghd, giam thieu d nhidm mdi trfldng,
Cach phat trien theo chilu rdng nhfl
vay lam
giam hieu qua eua viec khai
thac va
sfl dung
tai nguyen khoang san.
Nghiin ciiu Kinh t4s643S
• Thing
8/2014

hang
chid'm ty trong
hidn vdn cdn tha'p (6,3%).
BANG 3: Gia tri san xuat va cd cau nganh dich vu cua vung Tay Nguydn
Linti vijc
B5n bu6n
vl ban le
5
t6, xe may
Giao
thOng,
lini
kho va
tnty^n
thbng
Khach san, nha hang
Tmng gian tai chinh
B^t
d6ng san va hoat
dOng
kinh
doanh
Khoa hoc
vk cOng nghS
Chinh tri vl an ninh
qu6c
phong
Giao
due
vl dao tao

7,8
6.6
4,6
15,0
14,0
0,3
3,5
100
2009
Gia tri
(trieu dong)
5.211.253
2.909.105
1.583.931
1.373.972
1.326.969
753.061
1.013.193
3.174.729
2.372.599
1.097.864
629.267
21.445.943
Ty
trong
(%)
24,3
13,6
7,4
6,4

5,2
2,3
3,7
23,2
9,9
4,4
2,5
100
Ngudn:
Nien
giam thdng ke cua
cdc
tinh
Tay
Nguy6n.
Vdi flu the' dac thu cua
Tay
Nguyen la
nhflng san phdm van hda ndi tie'ng nhfl "van
hda Cdng Chieng", diem du lich rieng ed Da
Lat va nhieu Id hdi khac nhau, du
lich
eua
Tay Nguyen cd tiem nang rat
Idn
de phat
trien. Tuy nhien, vui ehdi giai tri vd du lich
eua vflng chfla phat trien tfldng xflng vdi
tiem nang
va

chfla
dflde
chu trong dau tfl de thu hflt khach
du lich nhieu hdn. Thie'u nhilu san phdm du
lich de cho du khach trflc tiep tham gia boat
ddng, de gifl chan du khdch va thie'u cac san
pham ha'p ddn de keo du khach quay lai sau
khi da de'n tham Tay Nguyen. Hien nay du
lich cua vung Tay Nguyen chi phat trien
d(Jn
tuyen (khach chu yeu de'n Da Lat),
thilu
si^
hen ket thanh cac
tuyin
chang ban nhfl
DS
Lat - Mdng Den, tuye'n cac tinh Tdy
NguySn
vdi cae tinh ven bien. Hdn nfla,
vide phfit
52
Nghiin
cdu Kmh tdsS435
• Thing
8/201*
Co
clu
kinh \€
Tay Nguyen

Cac
linh
vflc dich vu khac vl tai cbinh
ngan
hang, khoa hoc cdng nghd phat trien
kdm va chua trd thanh nhflng diem dot
phd trong
Iinh
vfle dich vu. Linh vflc du
lich
cd tilm ndng Idn de trd thdnh
Id
mdt ngdnh
kinh tl mfli nhon lai chfla dflde khai thdc
va
phat triln
tit.
Phdt trien ngdnh du lich cdn
phai dUdc phat triln manh me de phat huy
tilm ndng va Idi thd' cua dae thfl Tay
Nguydn. Phat
tri^n
dich vu trong dd dae bidt
la du lich se tao cd hdi de bien cac ye'u td' xa
hdi,
vdn hda, mdi trUdng la ddng
Ifle
cho phat
trien.
2.

Tay
Nguyen trong giai doan vfla
qua
Id
md hinh tdng trudng theo chilu rdng,
Tdng trudng kinh
tediia
vdo lao ddng thu
cdng: tang trfldng cua Tay Nguyen vdn chu
ylu
dfla
vao
lao ddng thu cdng gia tri thd'p.
Hi0n
tai, ty le ddng gdp vao tdng trfldng kinh
ticua
nhdn
Iflc,
tri tue va ndng sud't lao ddng
d Tdy Nguyen cdn ban ehe. Tuy nhien, lao
dpng
hi^n
nay chu yd'u
Id lao
ddng khdng qua
dao
tao
nghi,
do vay khd tao ra nang sudt
lao

cdng tac quan ly kinh the' thd'p, tinh chd't thu
cdng, sfl dung cdng nghd tha'p, nen phai bd ra
rd't nhieu vd'n mdi tao ra dflde san pham.
Phdt trien dUa vdo khai thdc tdi nguyen:
cae nganh tang trfldng thudn tfly nhd khai
thac tai nguyen bao gdm ndng, lam, thuy san
va
khai thac mo, thuy dien chie'm ty
trpng
Idn,
flde trung binh 51,64% trong GDP trong
giai doan 2001-2012. Sfl dung tdi nguyen dd't
de phdt trien eac loai cay cdng nghiep, didn
tich gieo trdng hang ndm tang len. Vide phat
tridn nay danh ddi vdi viec suy giam dien
tich rflng, nha't la rflng tu nhidn; trong khi
dd, cac san pham ndng san ehu ye'u dflpc tieu
thu d dang thd hoac chi qua sd che nen hieu
qua kinh tl, gia tri gia tang tha'p. Ddng gdp
vao
tang trfldng va chuyen dich cd cd'u cdng
nghiep cua vflng trong thdi gian qua chu ye'u
dua vao thuy dien, trong khi dd khai thac
thuy dien gay ra nhieu tac ddng ba't
Idi
dd'i
vdi mdi trfldng va cudc sd'ng cua ngfldi dan.
• Ca cdu kinh te chuyen dich chdm, chUa
di theo chieu sdu, chUa dUa vao lot the
Cd cau kinh te cua Tay Nguyen da cd sfl

diiu
ndy eho thay ehuyen dich cd ca'u
la
thidn theo chieu rdng ma khdng di
vao
chilu
sdu, khdng dfla vdo
nang
cao nang
Iflc
canh
tranh. Ve mat chd't, chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh
td
theo nganh eua vung thdi gian qua chfla
bin
vflng. Linh vflc ndng,
lam,
thuy san cdn
phu thude vao cac yd'u to' thdi tilt, gia ea va
qua trinh phat trien nay danh ddi vdi suy
thoai da't dai, suy giam dien tich rflng. Nang
sud't cua cae nganh va nang sua't td'ng cac
nhan td' chfla dflde chfl y.
2.2. Nhiing thdch thUe ddi vdi phdt
trien ben vUng
Dd'i vdi vflng Tay Nguyen, qua trinh phat
trien nhanh, manh me
va
ludn duy tri td'c dp
tang trfldng d

muc dich sfl dung dd't sang trdng cay edng
nghiep va phdt trien edng nghiep, xay dflng
cd ban. Mfle dp chuyen mue dich sfl dung
dd't rflng sang cae
loai
dd't khdc d vung Tdy
Nguyen giai doan 2000 - 2010 didn ra ra't
manh chfla kiem soat
ducic
vd cflng vdi Ddng
Nam Bd la 2 vung vdn bi suy giam dien tich
rflng. Trong vdng 5 nam tfl 2000 - 2005 cd
469,4 nghin ha rflng tfl nhien bi chuyen
thdnh cae
loai
dd't trdng va
dd^t
khac (binh
quan
rdfng
tfl nhien bi md't 93,4 nghin
ha/nam)^.
Do che phu cua
riXng
nam 2005
dat 54%. Trfl Ifldng riing nam 2005 cdn
khoang 288,6 trieu
m^
(chiem 35,6% trd
Ifldng gd ca nfldc), giam 28,4 trieu

ha
Iflu.
Lfldng nfldc sfl dung (chu ye'u cho ndng
nghiep) khdng dflde
hoan lai va
bi ton that
kha Idn, flde tinh tren 20%. Vl mfla khd, cac
sdng, sudi d cae khu vflc khdng cdn riing
tii
nhien hau nhfl can kiet nfldc (nhfl
Iflu
vflc ho
chfla thuy dien
Yaly,
Pleikrdng tren sdng
sdng Se San), mfle nfldc ngam tut
sau
gay
thie'u nude nghidm trpng. Viec xay dflng
nhi^u
cdng trinh thuy dien trong thdi gian qua d Tdy
Nguyen da phai danh dd'i
Idn
vl tai nguyen
dat, tai nguyen
riflig
va dae biet la da gay ra
nhieu tac dpng bat
Idi
de'n mdi trfldng sinh

th^i
va
to^
qudc 1995 •
2000,
2001
- 2005.
^ Ki^m ke dfft
dai nam 2010 viing
Tay
NguySn.
54
Nghiin aiu
Kmh
tSs643S
- Thing
8/^1*
Co clu kinh tl Tdy
Nguyen,
thai ndng nghiep ciing nhfl gay ra 6 nhidm
ngudn nfldc, 6 nhiim dat va ed the gay dot
biet gen ddi vdi mdt so'
loai
cay trdng. Hoat
ddng san xudt cdng nghiep phat trien ddn den
khdi Ifldng cdc
ehdt
thai ngdy cdng gia tang ea
vl
80

rpng
ma
chfla theo chilu sau; (2) chfla cd
nhdn thfle ddy du vl chudi gia tri va gan phat
trien chuoi gia tri vdi
Idi thi
cua vung; (3)
cha't Ifldng chinh sach
va
to chflc
thfle
hien
cung nhfl nang
Iflc
cua bd may cdn ye'u; (4)
thilu ngudn nhdn Ifle cdn thid't cho phdt trien,
cha't Ifldng ngudn nhan Ifle cdn ban
ehi;
(5)
vai trd cua khoa hoc va cdng nghe chfla
dflde
phat huy, lien kd't san xua't vdi khoa hpc, cdng
nghe, thi trfldng cdn ban che'; (6) cd hdi va tac
ddng cua hdi nhdp chfla
dflde
nhan thfle day
du; (7) thie'u eac the che' hen ke't vd hdp tac ndi
viing vdi ngoai vflng, trong dd cd ca qud'c te'; (8)
chinh sach di dan gifla cac vflng chfla hdp ly.
Tdm lai, vdi vi tri dac thfl,

y nhilu hdn
din
chilu sdu va mat chat Ifldng.
Cdn phai
diiu
chinh md hinh tang
trUdng
theo hudng chuyin tfl chu yeu gia tang san
Ifldng sang nang cao gia tri gia tang dfla tren
Idi
the so sanh cae yeu td' cua viing ddc thfl,
phat trien cac san phdm ed Idi
thi
canh tranh
va
Idi thi
so sdnh, dfla
vao
ndng nghiep edng
nghe cao, tang nang sud't vd hidu qua cua cdc
yd'u td' ddu vdo san xud't. Cdn phai ban ehe
vide khai thac cdc tai nguyen thien nhidn
(dac biet tai nguyen rflng), thay vdo dd, tang
cfldng cdng
tac
quan ly va bao vd cac ngudn
Iflc
nay vd chu trpng
nang
eao vai trd eua

phat huy tinh dac thfl
va Idi
the so
sanh
cua Tay Nguyen, tham gia nhieu hdn
vad
chudi gia tri gia tang eua
cac
san phdm chu
lUc;
ddng thdi tinh tdi cac ye'u td' xd hdi, mdi
trfldng, vdn hda va dn dinh chinh tri trong
chuyen dich cd cau kinh te'.
- Can phai cd nhan
thfle
day du ve md
hinh tang trfldng phfl hdp vdi dac thu cua
Tdy Nguyen, chuyen tfl md hinh tang trudng
theo chieu rdng sang md hinh tang trfldng
theo chilu sau trong phat trien kinh te, khai
thac
va phat buy eac
Idi
the vd diem manh cd
tinh
rieng cd cua cac ye'u td' kinh te', xa hdi,
mdi trUdng
va van
hda cua Vflng Tdy Nguyen.
- Can phai dinh hfldng lai mdt each cu the

hdn cac
lien
ke't thi trfldng, dfla
vad
cac quan
he thi trudng,
s^
dung
cac Iflc
Ifldng cua thi
trfldng, phat trien cae cum nganh (clusters)
trong cac nganh eua nen kinh te, tang cfldng
cdc
mdi
lien kd't theo chudi gia tri, nang cao
vai trd cua doanh nghidp tfl nhan.
- Gdn ehuyen dich cd eau kinh te theo
nghia tren vdi giam ngheo, thu hep bdt binh
dang, giai quyd't xung dot xa hdi tfl gdc do tiep
cdn phfldng tien san xud't dac biet
Id
dd't dai,
giai quye't bat binh ddng trong tiep can ed hdi
ddu tfl
va
kinh doanh, ndng cao nang
Iflc
nam bat cd hdi dd
eiia
eon ngfldi

- Cdn phai long ghep
tit
hdn cae ehinh sach
vao cac chie'n
Iflde,
quy hoach,
ke
hoach eua cac
tinh trong vflng de dam bao sfl phat trien hai
hda gifla cae ye'u to' tang trfldng kinh te dfla
tren ddc thfl va ndng cao gia tri gia tang vdi
cac
ylu td' dam bao phat trien xa hdi hai hda,
bao ve mdi trudng va quan ly tai nguyen thien
nhien hieu qua, bao tdn van hda cua dan tdc
ban dia, bao tdn mdi trfldng sd'ng
va
mdi
trfldng van hda eua
cac
ddn tdc, dn dinh an
ninh vd chinh tri eua vung Tay Nguyen.
- To chflc
lai
va
thilt
lap cac
thi chi
Hen
kit

ehi
biln ndng
san theo hfldng edng nghe va gia tri gia tang
cao,
gan cac san pham ndng nghiep vdi cac
boat ddng du lich.
- Can phai to' chflc mot cd quan chuydn biet
vl vflng ed chflc nang quan ly, giam sat vl phat
trien
bin
viing cua viing Tdy Nguyen de dam
bac cd sfl phat trien dung hfldng cua viing
ndy/
TAI LIEU THAM
KHAO
1.
Bach Hdng Viet
(2012),
Mdt
sdvan
de
ccfbdn
ciia
kinh
te'Tdy
Nguyen trong qud trtnh phdt triin ben
vihig.
Nxb Khoa hpc xa
h6i,
Uk

h6i
Tay
Nguyfin,
s6
3-
2011,tr.l7-26.
5.
PhamQuangTii,
Le
Thanh van
(2012),
P/ian'fcA
chat
lumg
tdng trudng kinh te Tdy Nguyen giai
do^n
2000
~
2010. Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hfii Tay
Nguyfin,
sd4-
20I2,tr.40-50.
6.
Vien Dieu tra quy hoach rimg (2000,
2005,2010),
Dieu tra diin biin rUng cdc vUng sinh thdi vd todn
quA
1995 - 2000. 2001 - 2005 vd 2006 - 2010.
7. Vien
Di^u