-1PREAMBLE
1. Rasonale
1.1. The cultural penetration comes deeper and deeper into
literature creating an inseparable combination. On the other hand,
economic development, world cultural exchanges are increasing
powerfully.

Therefore,

intercultural

studies

have

become

indispensable and contemporary need.
1.2. Mo Yan is considered the "leading character of the XXI
century" and become a "phenomenon" of Chinese literature, as well as
the world. Study on Mo Yan and his works help readers gain a more
multifaceted, multidimensional view on creative thoughts as well as
the experience of life and bravery receiving cultural values of writer.
1.3. In Vietnam, the reception history of Mo Yan is not
homogeneous, the researchers focused on exploiting new world of
artistic fiction at the school perspective or merely self-interest in an
aspect of literature in Mo Yan novels. Therefore, we decided to
choose this topic for decoding Mo Yan novels in intercultural
perspective to explore the unique mystery writers considered
"different from Western writers, as well as different from Chinese
writers ", to identify the 'taste' of Mo Yan novels. From the point of

3. Subjects
Within the thesis, we focus only on those aspects which mostly
represent the so-called cultural characteristics in Mo Yan's novel in
terms of: Cultural Origins in Mo Yan novels, the emages of characters
system, along with intercultural characters system in the novels. Since
then, assess the relationship between Mo Yan novels and traditional


-3culture and modern culture on the basis of comparison of Chinese
literature with literatures from other countries to find out the
similarities and differences between the cultural values, to see the
point of inheritance and innovation in the continued development of
the cultural values of the writer.
4. Scope of Research
4.1. The scope of the survey documents
Writing career of Mo Yan was extremely voluminous. In the scope
of thesis we focused on understanding the novel considered as a
unique and most excellent of Mo Yan which has been translated and
published in Vietnam including Red Sorghum (2000), Treasure of Life
(2001), Sandalwood (2003), The angry garlic (2003), Drunken Nation
(2004), 41 gossip (2004), Live no better than death (2007), The
triangle set (2007), Frog (2010).
4.2. The scope of the research study
- Identify specific interculture in Mo Yan novels by decoding some
typical symbols in this writer's novels.
- Assess intercultural perspective from the character as one of the
most visible aspects of culture combined East - West, tradition and
modernity in Mo Yan's novel.
5. Methodology.
5.1. Interdisciplinary Methods

Documents from Mo Yan "monologue"
Mo Yan often "monologue" his attitudes, analysis toward art, novel,
people, and society. His monologues also appear mostly on press in
interviews and speeches columns. These articles were translated by
Vietnamese researchers and translators
Materials studied about Mo Yan
Affirmed and praised the talents Mo Yan
Most Chinese scholars of this trend as Li Zhen, Trin De Bei,
Confucian Xiao Bin, ... regarded Mo Yan as a pen with strong force,
as a pioneer on the road of innovation.
Criticizm and protests against Mo Yan
Besides the praise and recognition of Mo Yan as a talent, there also
existed many criticizm and protests. It is thought that, besides the
advantages of the content and art, Mo Yan's works fell into lust
phenomenon, sexuality, describing many of the carnal desire.
1.1.2. The views of Western scholars
The Western scholars show more and more interest in Chinese
literature in general and in particular Mo Yan's novels. They give their
views on Mo Yan in different aspects to most of his works. This
researchers processed, and approached and decoded his works in both
the content and the art.
1.1.3. The views of scholars Vietnam
In Vietnam, since his first work, Mo Yan became a familiar name
nationwide. Accordingly, the articles, the studies of Mo Yan and his


-6work in Vietnam became increasingly

diverse and rich, much


works of Mo Yan. Specifically, the project has spent much effort to
acquire and study the influence of modern art thought to Mo Yan
West. Since then, the Western scholars praised Mo Yan in the methods
of narrative, describing the feeling of art. This is an important hint for
us to inherit and study this topic.
1.2.3. Vietnamese scholars
There are many approaches on literature, each approach has its own
characteristics. Along with expanding operations, the translation of Mo
Yan Mo Yan research problem also gradually expand the range of
cultural aspects. Overall, the studies of Mo Yan in Vietnam were
exploited in fiction writers cultural perspective in aspects like beauty
and ugliness in the novel, a mixture of myth and folklore stories true in
history, ... these are important aspects for us to refer to when
implementing this topic.
1.3. Intercultural research on Mo Yan
Recognising Mo Yan's process of writing and research, we found,
studies on the common cultural aspects in Mo Yan's novels have been
widely perfomed. However, no specific projects, yet, directly discuss
cultural issues, but at some certain works touched various aspects of
interculture.
1.3.1. Chinese scholars
Although no specific projects, clear research on interculture in Mo
Yan's novels, works well initially examined various aspects of interculture and the writer . In particular, these studies on intercultural


-8aspects are also not specifically named interculturally, or studies
without any understanding of cultural concepts from interculture.
1.3.2. Western scholars
Through studies on researches by Western scholars, we noticed, the
researchers had touched on the cultural aspects of Mo Yan's novels on

really attracted us in the process of looking to the writer's work.

CHAPTER 2:
INTERCULTURE ROOTS IN THE NOVEL MO YAN
2.1. Mo Yan with interculture
2.1.1. Cultural issues in the study of literature
Currently, there are many different interpretations of intercultural.
Whether standing at different angles with different research purposes,
but we see the comments on the intercultural, the researchers shared
the same opinion: Union combines culture, cultural exchange between
the past and modern, between different ethnic communities, with the
way of life and different worldview. The characteristics of cultural
continuity is expressed vivid, diverse in all aspects of the novel, by
"world or characters in each character, through the narrative method,
how to tell, through the organization of point of view and how to
organize space - time as well as a diverse textures, rich. May find inter


-10cultural expression in many ways: Cultural Exchange East - West,
traditional - modern, folk - polymath, local - universal.
From understanding the concept of intercultural, we noticed,
intercultural in a writer's novel is that the writer has inherited national
culture medium outside the receiving culture to put in writing . Shown
in terms of content (stories, facts, events, characters, ...) and in terms
of art (art building cultural icons and modes of narrative, language,
tone , ...).
2.1.2. Mo Yan novels and interculture
Like other writers, raised from the wellspring of national culture,
bathed in an atmosphere of folk, Mo Yan always respect those values
and receptive to creativity put into literature. Thus, we encounter in

with poor destitute. When a writer Mo Yan appear before readers with
a human image idyllic, rustic and always conscious every time writer.
Therefore, his work "filled with secular views". Besides, childhood,
and intellectual soul is nourished by writer lot stories of grandparents.
We can say, families with folk stories are rough to his archives
used in their art.
2.2.3. Chinese traditional cultural beliefs
As one of the countries with a long tradition, the cradle of human
civilization, the convergence of local lines of thought as well as from
outside the line of thought introduced as Confucian, Buddhist, Taoist,
China has many rich traditions and unique. It is also a land of breath
crystallizing Eastern spirituality through the Confucian doctrine with
feudal ideology to prevail in people's lives, the Buddhist doctrine with
spiritual confidence in the karmic reincarnation, evil with evil, it was


-12fantastic world of virtual scene Taoist thought. The main factors
ideological and cultural traditions have a significant impact to Mo
Yan's pen.
2.3. Premise modern culture in Mo Yan novels
2.3.1. The issue of globalization and the world cultural exchange
Globalization is a concept used to describe the change in society
are created by linkages, exchange and interaction among countries or
organizations and individuals, in all angles of the economic life
political, social, cultural ... Hoa on his general trend, China now also
open to absorb the cultural movements, literature in the world, it
creates a boom literature University in China under the motto of Deng
Xiaoping thought "Really and demand, freeing thoughts, reform and
opening up".
2.3.2. The change in the modern art of China


CHAPTER 3: The symbolization in Mo Yan's novels
from the perspective of interculture
3.1. Concept and cultural symbols
3.1.1. Symbol
Currently, depending on the angle from which people give
different definitions of symbols to suit their field of study. Whether
standing at different angles to recognize the symbol, but the
researchers have the same views on the following symbols: Icon is an


-14image of the world around us, is the perception we perceive it. Thus,
the symbolism is subjective awareness of the subject of object
perception.
3.1.2. Cultural symbol
To understand this concept, we are pleased to invoke the notion of
cultural icon that Tran Le Bao researchers described and analyzed
very carefully in the process of identifying symbols with other
concepts, which see nature and function of the symbol: "Symbols are
countless cultural image of the invisible or visible as a broker or
intermediary language to help people recognize a certain cultural
content"
Therefore, cross-cultural symbols are symbols used in many
different ethnic communities, there may be some similarities in terms
of connotation, meaning when put into explaining a phenomenon or a
certain thing . But, also in each different ethnic connotation symbol
dissimilar meanings.
3.2. Mo Yan novels - a world symbols of intercultural richness
Step into the world of Mo Yan's novel, the reader realizes world
cultural symbols present in concentrate compositions. The world was

sorghum also has soul and emotions, understand happiness and human
suffering, love and anger, sago become the "sacred and lively" .
Apparently, life is life sago humans, sorghum and sorghum fields
always travel and associated with major events in the life of the
protagonist.
3.3.1.2. Sorghum - symbol for nature, the human spirit in the new era


-16Sorghum is not only the symbol of human life, sago also symbolizes
the human personality in the new era. That is the spirit of aggression
and fighting spirit of protest, dared to break all the barriers of society.
Iconic sorghum, like people Gaomi indomitable tenacity to stand up
against the enemy. Besides, the character of Red Sorghum appeared
full of personality, mettle, live saucy, upbeat as the high tops straight
salary, although subject to much suffering and loss but still desire to
live, desire rise, always toward the sun like Dai Phuong Lien desire to
escape all constraints of the secular, every yoke of enemies to reach out
to the future, to the sky, free love, happiness.
3.3.2.Breast symbol
3.3.2.1. Breast - symbol of traditional beliefs of fertilazation
Breasts are one of the typical fertility symbol, meant to symbolize
the proliferation of the species, is the god gifted body of the woman.
Through the depiction of genitals with sensitive part of the human, Mo
Yan wanted to show the traditional notion consuming healthy level of
folklore
In his novels, Mo Yan has used two images "butt" and "breast" to
symbolize fertility. Images of the breast "is not only beautiful, not
only brings life, brings pleasure, but even more profoundly a spiritual
cult, a religion primitive fertility".
3.3.2.2. Breast - a symbol for flawless beauty of the human

faint cries of children, like the fetus in the womb. Thus, the title and
content of the work elicited symbolize human beings, especially the
children in the birth control policy plan.


-183.3.3.2. Frog - symbol for destruction
Frog is a symbol not only of the proliferation under the traditional
notion that this symbol also means new, is a symbol of the destruction
of the result of birth control policy 30-year plan in China. So, cover
the frog is the loss, traumatic, painful reality, the consequences of
hunger and the family planning policy in China as "two consecutive
years, both the social and forty villages where I do not have any child
at birth ".
3.3.4. Dream symbols
3.3.4.1. Dream - the obsessions visualized in real life
Mo Yan novel opens non-food space, contains numerous
extraordinary things, bizarre. Dream of the characters express desires,
dreams that real life can not be satisfied. It is the dream of Kim Dong
(Big Breasts and Wide Hips), the dream of Mi Nuong (Sandalwood
picture), Ly Ngoc Thien (Cross triangle sets), ... Icon dream dreams in
Mo Yan's novel makes us remember the of surrealism Western the
early twentieth century and psychoanalysis with the unconscious
thoughts of S. Freud personally.
3.3.4.2. Dream - the hidden corners of the soul and personality
Mo Yan has so many characters sink into dream time for seeking
liberation from the viewpoint of S. Freud. Space dreams in Mo Yan's
novel reveals the hidden face filled us with the inner character: it is
the desire not to be satisfied, the guilt when awakened, the longing
that was repressed, ... Space and time almost surreal, ethereal, is the
basis that a space is the real - psychological space, mind space, to


-20La Primary Communication (41 gossip), Zhao Jia (Sandalwood
figure); Women who dare to pass the customary laws of feudal rites
for their own gain as Upper live Quan Lu Thi and the girls home
magistrates (Big Breasts and Wide Hips), Mi Nuong (Sandalwood
picture), Dai Phuong Contact (Red Sorghum); The characters
disguised, transfiguration, incarnation as First Consul Fairy Bird (Big
Breasts and Wide Hips), the extreme animal life incarnation of the
West door (Live fall waterfall exiled), ... Can be seen, through the
vision of people from cross-cultural perspective, in which the
characters just ideological influence Chinese traditional culture but
also very modern thinking, modern thinking about. Mo Yan has
expressed an artistic conception of man profoundly humane.
4.3. Some type of intercultural character in Mo Yan novels
4.3.1. Genius characters
Character style "genius" we find the character: Any referee Kim
Dong (Big Breasts and Wide Hips) have the ability to feel special
about the woman's breasts, South Bird (Big Breasts and Wide Hips)
have the ability to communicate with animals, La Primary
Communication (41 gossip) can be integrated into communication,
chat with meat, artisan Overbearing Great Prime (frog) capable
squeeze dolls soulful creatures as true in life.
Characters genius in Mo Yan's novel is the first serial character
format miracle in the traditional novel about the origins of life, the
concept of beauty looks, ... However, we see genius character a serial
face miraculous character in the form of literary tradition, on the other
hand to form the character of both the literary reception fanciful Latin
America, and the consciousness of modern man.



-22imprint from the exit of the legendary Pregnant, mythology. But also
brings the characters slightly transfigured in modern literature.
4.3.4. Woman characters
Woman has always occupied an important position in Mo Yan's
novel, in some novels, women occupy a central role as Big Breasts
and Wide Hips, Red Sorghum, frogs, ...
Woman in Mo Yan novel traits of traditional Chinese women from
looks to personality, thoughts and actions. However, the woman in
one hand Mo Yan novel to follow the customary laws of feudal
society, but on the other hand they are struggling to get rid of her
customary law.
Chapter 4 conclusion:
World characters in novels Mo Yan extremely large, diverse
outlined the "true face" of society. In terms of character building intercultural, Mo Yan's novel does not stop the kind of character we
mentioned above, but also the type, form groups and other characters.
Song-style genius character, heroes, incarnate character, and character
disguised woman was the type of character that Mo Yan pens invest
effort and most powerful. The figure was the result of a process of
writers experience combined with the unique creation, evolution of
Mo Yan in writing.

CONCLUSION


-23Through the process of understanding characteristic of Mo Yan
novel intercultural perspective, we draw some initial conclusions
follow:
1. The main scientific conclusions:
1.1. In songwriting journey, Mo Yan has always adhere to the
national cultural roots to return and beyond folk but always catch up

end by saying thesis of Mo Yan: "Forget all the awards, the highest
choice of writers."
2. Research approaches
2.1. We perform intercultural studies by comparing the similarities
and differences between Mo Yan and Vietnamese writers as well as
other scholars around the world.
2.2. Studies and analysis on differences in interculture of medivial
writers and modern writers through the history of interculture in
literature. . So differences in intercultural in ancient writers with
intercultural fish present writer like.