THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
1.Form: S +HAD +Vpp(Vpt2)
2. She had chosen a place by then
She had been there twice
- She hadntbeen there twice
? Had she been there twice? Yes,She had/No,She hadnt
3.Usage:
a.Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trớc một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ
By 2007 I had greduated from secondary school
b.Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ đơn(q khứ
hoàn thành xảy ra trớc HĐ ở quá khứ đơn)
She had had dinner yesterdayevening. Then she went to bed
=She had had dinner before she went to bed
=After she had had dinner ,she went to bed
c.Vowis BY (vào thời thời điểm đó trong quá khứ ,hành động đã hoàn thành
songtrớc đó)
Yesterday Iwoke up before 5
= By 5 yesterday, I had woken up
d. Với when( diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trớc 1 hành động khác)
She left the house ,then I came
=When I came to the house ,she had left
=By the time I came to the house , she had left
L u ý : +When Icame to the house she left(2 hanhf động cùng xãy ra )
+when the film finished ,I left the movie
+When I came,she was reading a book
+When I come to HA LONG ,I will phone you
When she was young , she used to play with toys (now she doesnt)
e. No sooner ..than ngay khi
No sooner had I left than the film finished
f. Already/yet /ever/never dùng nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trớc student thời
điểm trong quá khứ

For 4 years , she (never/have) an opportunity (use) ..her
Japanese until she( go) .to Tokyo last month . While she (be ) .
There ,she (speak) .Japanese evrydayand she( enjoy) .it very
much of it
3.Mary(have) ..to go to New York last week,but she almost(miss)
.the plane .She (stand in the queue at the ceck-in desk when she
suddenly(realize) .that she (leave) her passport at home
.fortunately ,she (not/live) very far from the airport so she (have)
time (go) ..back home (get) the passport. She (get)
back to the airport just in time for her flight
4.While I(walk) across the campus the other day , I(meet )
my old friend, John , whom I( not/see) since july 10.
Naturallywe(stop) (talk) .to each other for a few
minutes . I asked how he (do) in his classes this semester
5.Short after the war, my brother and I (invite) ..(spend) .a
few daysholidaywith an uncle who (just/return) from abroad. He
(rent) .a cottage in the country, although he rarely (spend)
much time (go) ..
sightseeing there.
We (understand ) the reason for this after our arrival. The cottage
(have) ..no comfortable furniture in it ,many of the windows (break)
and the roof (leak) ..,making the house damp
VERB INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
1.Sau một số động t tình thái; see, watch,hear feel, chỉ việc đã hoàn thành (khác
với Ving chỉ việc đang sảy ra )
I saw him cross the street>< I saw him crossing the street
2.make sb do st bất ai làm gì ; Mr Kien make us do many exercises
3. Sau tất cả các Modal verb:
He will practises E
4. MÉu c©u: - Let sb do st