RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
I. Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ:
Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả
một câu. Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.
 Xét ví dụ 1: The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend.
Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng sau
“the woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó. Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta vẫn có một
câu hoàn chỉnh: The woman is my girlfriend.
 Xét ví dụ 2: The girl is Nam's girlfriend. She is sitting next to me. =>The girl who is
sitting next to me is Nam's girlfriend.
Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative
pronouns): who, whom, which, whose, that......
Mệnh đề quan hệ có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác
định.
II. Các loại mệnh đề
a. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses)
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó,cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu;
không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Tất cả các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh
đề xác định.
Ví dụ:
 Do you know the name of the man who came here yesterday?
 The man (whom / that) you met yesterday is coming to my house for dinner.
➨ Mệnh đề xác định không có dấu phẩy
b. Mệnh đề không xác định (Non – defining clauses)
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn
đủ nghĩa.
Ví dụ: Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got married.
➨ Mệnh đề không xác định có dấu phẩy và Mệnh đề này không được dùng “That”
III. Các dạng mệnh đề Quan hệ
A. Relative Pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)
Đại từ

Do you know the boy whose mother is a
nurse?


whom

That

Đại diện cho tân ngữ chỉ
người

This is the man whom you met yesterday.

Đại diện cho chủ ngữ chỉ
người, vật, đặc biệt trong
mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
(who, which vẫn có thể sử
dụng được)

I don’t like the table that stands in the
kitchen.

Các đại từ quan hệ:
1. WHO:
- Làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
 ….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
Ví dụ: The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
2. WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
All that is mine is yours.
You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
 Trường hợp không dùng that: mệnh đề có dấu (,), ĐTQH có giới từ đứng
trước.
Lưu ý: giới từ chỉ đứng trước whom và which, không đứng trước who và that
Ví dụ: Peter, who/whom I played tennis with on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Or: Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Not: Peter, with who I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
5. WHOSE:
Đại từ dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his,
their, hoặc hình thức ‘s
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
Ví dụ: I met someone whose brother I went to school with
B. Relative adverb (Trạng từ quan hệ)
Trạng từ quan hệ có thể được sử dụng thay cho một đại từ quan hệ và giới từ. Cách làm
này sẽ làm cho câu dễ hiểu hơn.
Ví dụ: This is the shop in which I bought my bike. ➨ This is the shop where I bought my
bike.
Trạng
từquan hệ

Nghĩa

Cách sử dụng

Ví dụ


the reason why we
met him

1. WHY:
Trạng từ quan hệ why mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the
reason, for that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ví dụ 1: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason. → I don’t know
the reason why you didn’t go to school.
Ví dụ 2: I don't know the reason. You didn't go to school for that reason. =>I don't know
the reason why you didn't go to school.
2. WHERE:
Trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V …. (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)


Ví dụ 1: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed t that hotel. → The hotel where we
stayed wasn’t very clean.
Ví dụ 2: This is my hometown. I was born and grew up here. => This is my hometown
where I was born and grew up.
Ví dụ 3: The restaurant where we had Lunch was near the airport.
3. WHEN:
Là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian.
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ 1: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
➨ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
➨ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
Ví dụ 2: I don’t know the time. She will come back then. ➨ I don’t know the time when
she will come back.
That was the day. I met my wife on this day. ➨That was the day when I met my wife.

this year.
A. which
B. whose
C. that
D. who
2.
He bought all the books__________are needed for the next exam.


A. that
B. what
C. those
D. who
3.
The children,__________parents are famous teachers, are taught well.
A. that
B. whom
C. whose
D. their
4.
Do you know the boy________we met at the party last week?
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. whom
5.
The exercises which we are doing________very easy.
A. is
B. has been
C. are

C. whose
D. whom
11. We need a teacher__________native language is English.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. that
12. I bought a T- shirt________is very nice.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. that
l3.
The woman,________was sitting in the meeting hall, didn't seem friendly to us at
all.
A. who
B. whom
C. where
D. when
14. The man with__________I have been working is very friendly.
A. who
B. that
C which
D. whom
15. We'll come in May__________the schools are on holiday.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
EXERCISE 2 Chọn đáp án có lỗi sai cần được sửavà sửa lại:

(A) Do you know (B) the reason (C) when we should learn (D) English?
13.
(A) That is the (B) woman who (C) she told me (D) the news
14.
It
is
(A) complicated (B) because pollution
(C) is caused by
things
(D) when benefit people.
15.
(A) New Year Day is the day (B) where my family members (C) gather and enjoy it
(D) together.
I. Fill each blank with who, whom, whose, which, …..
1. He knows a lot of people ______ live in Dalat.
2. Where is the book ______ he gave you on your birthday ?
3. A deaf person is the one ______ is not able to hear.
4. I met the girl ______ you talked about last night.
5. This is the woman ______ daughter is a doctor .
6. I can’t come to your party, ______ is a pity
7. What’s the name of the girl ______ house has just been sold ?
8. The boy ______ broke the window was arrested.
9. The man ______ we met is working in my office.
10. The boy ______ sister works for your father is my classleader.
11. We will soon gather at the village ____________the festival is taking place.
12. Do you know the mane of the tourist ___________ came and talked about New Year in
Canada?
13. I’m looking for a book ___________ tells us about traditional festivals of Asian
people.
14. I couldn’t go to the show __________was held in Hoi An last summer.

b. whom
c. which

d. she

6. The test -------- the teacher gave us yesterday was very difficult.
a. which
b. who
c. whom
d. it
7. The people -------- I met at his family were very nice.
a. who
b. they
c. whom

d. which


8. Yoko told me about students __________ have taken the entrance exam 13 times.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
9. The secretary....................I talked to didn't know where the meeting was.
a. which
b. whom
c. that
d. θ
10. I need to talk to a person ......................you can trust. You will feel better if you do.
a. whose

a. which
b. whom
c. that
d. θ
17. Cathy is trustworthy. She's a person upon ............... You can always depend.
a. who
b. whom
c. that
d. θ
18. Your career should focus on a field in...............you are genuinely interested.
a. which
b. what
c. that
d. θ
19. People ................. outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
a. whose
b. whom
c. that
d. which
20. Ms. Donaldson,................. teaches linguistics at the university, recently received
recognition for her research.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
21. The earth, ................ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet
from the sun.
a. who
b. whom
c. which

b. whom
c. that
d. 0
28. Genghis Khan, _________ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in
the Middle Ages.
A. whom
B. whose C. who
D. how


29. The children _____ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school.
A. whose
B. where
C. who
D. whom
30. The school programme _______ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a
regular course study.
A. whose
B. who
C. what
D. that
31. The girl ______ dress you admire has been working for an export company since she
left school.
A. who B. what
C. whose
D. whom
32. The young man ______ was released after the court was found innocent of all the
charges against him.
A. who B. who he C. which
D. whose

39. When I was at school, there was a girl in my class ______ skin was so sensitive that
she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on.
A. where
B. whose C. whom
D. that
40. Unfortunately, the friend with ________ I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so
I'll have to cancel my trip.
A. who B. whom C. where
D. that
41. The new stadium, ____ will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A. what
B. where C. when
D. which
42. Blenheim Palace, _____ Churchill was born, is now open to the public.
A. when
B. where C. which
D. whose


43. Post office is a place ______ you can buy stamps, mail letters and packages, and
receive mail.
a. that
b. which
c. where
d. in which
44. Do you know the date ______ we have to hand in the essay?
a. which
b. in which c. on that d. when
45. My uncle ______ you met yesterday is a lawyer.
a. which

a. which
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
52. She cycled from London to Glasgow, ______ is pretty good for a woman of 75.
a. that
b. what
c. which
d. where
53. Most folk songs are ballads ______ have simple words and tell simple stories.
a. what
b. when
c. where
d. that
54. ______ wins will go on to play Barcelona in the final.
a. Who
b. Whoever c. Which
d. Whichever
55. I think the reason ______ we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.
a. why
b. which
c. that
d. what
56. Children ______ diets contain high levels of protein do better in examination.
a. who
b. who
c. whose
d. Ø
57. I'm sure that Keith will do well at university, ______ one he goes to.
a. which

18. The paintings .................... Mr. Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000.
19. Mrs. Richmond .................... is 42, has three children,
20. Don is a friend .................... I stayed with in Australia.
21. She was probably the hardest working student .................... I've ever taught.
22. Stevenson is an architect .................... designs have won international praise.
23. The Roman coins, .................... a local farmer came across in a field, are now
displayed in the National Museum.
24. Dorothy said something .................... I couldn't hear clearly.
25. There was a little .................... we could do to help her.
26. He received a low mark for his essay, .................... was only one page long.
27. We need to learn from companies .................... trading is more healthy than our own.
28. Professor Johnson, .................... I have long admired, is visiting the University next
week.
29. The man .................... I introduced to you last night may be the next president of the
university.
30. These walls are all .................... remain of the city.
31. He just said anything ………………….. came into his head.
32. Thieves ………………. stole paintings from Notfort art gallery have been arrested in
Paris.
33. It may be the most important decision ………………… you will ever take.
34. The boy………………….took the photograph was paid £100.
35. The Southam Chess Club, ………………… has more than 50 members, meets weekly
on Friday evenings.
36. The clock makes a noise ……………………. keeps me awake at night.
37. I heard many different accents in the room, but none ………………. I could identify
as British.
38. She is one of the kindest people ……………………. I know.


39.