UNIT 1
Câu Điều Kiện Conditionals AND IF sentences

A. Cấu trúc chung của câu điều kiện gồm 2 phần (IF clause - Main clause)
I.Câu điều kiện dạng I (Câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai )
If + S + V ( s , es ) , S + will / shall / can / may / + V
Eg
1
: If I have enough money , I will buy a new car.
Eg
2
: If she doesn't study hard , she will fail the exam.
Eg
3
: The plane may be deverted if the fog gets thicker.
Eg
4
: If you want to lose weight , you must eat less bread.
If + S + V ( s , es ) , S + V ( s , es )
Để diễn tả sự thật hiển hiện hoặc một thói quen:
Eg
5
: If you heat ice , it turns to water.
Eg
6
: If you are thirsty , you drink
Unless = If ...... not
Eg
7
: If you don't study hard , you will fail the exam.
= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.

: True: I am not living in Chile, I ‘m not working at a bank.
Conditional: If I were living in Chile, I would be working at a bank
Eg
14:
True: It was raining yesterday afternoon, so I did not go for a walk
Conditional: If it had not been raining, I would have gone for a walk.
Eg
15
: True: I was not living in Chile last year; I was not working at a bank
Conditional: If I had been living in Chile last year, I would have been working at a bank.
V. Sử dụng câu điều kiện tổng hợp:
Eg
16
: True: I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I'm hungry now
Conditional: If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn't be hungry
Eg
17
: True: He’s not a good student. He didn't study for the test yesterday. Conditional: If he were a good student ,
he would have studied for the test
VI. Sử dụng câu điều kiện thiếu "If " dùng để nhấn mạnh:
Eg
18
: Were I you , I wouldn’t do that.
Conditional: If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
Eg
19
: Had I known, I would have told you.
Conditional: If I had known, I would have told you.
Eg
20

: Fact: My dream is to go to American one day.
I wish I would go to American one day. 
II.Câu ước không có thực ở hiện tại
Form: S + wish ( es ) + S + Ved / were
Eg
26
: Fact: Now, I don't have much money.
I wish I had much money
III. Câu ước không có thực ở quá khứ:
Form: S + wish ( es ) + S + had + P
II
Eg
27
: Fact: I forget learning English.
I wish I had learnt English.
Eg
28
: Fact: I didn't go to the class yesterday.
I wish I had gone to the class. 
Note: If only
* If only + simple tense
Eg
29
: If only he comes in time.
= We hope he will come in time.
Eg
30
: If only he will listen to her.
= We hope he will be willing to listen to her.
If only + past = S wish ( es ) + S + Ved

: She talked to him as if he were a child.
In fact: He isn't a child.
II. Diễn tả một hành động không có thực trong quá khứ.
S + past tense + as If/as though S + had + P
II
Eg
36
: Jim looked as if he had seen a ghost.
In fact: He didn't see a ghost.
Eg
37:
She acted as though she had never met him.
In fact: She has met him or she met him.
Eg
38
: She looked as if / as though she had run 10 miles.
Note: As if / As though có 2 ý nghĩa:
- Được sử dụng như một thể loại điều kiện ( đã đề cập ở trên).
- Được sử dụng để so sánh bình thường.
As if / As though= like = nh− thÓ lµ.
Eg
39
: It looks like rain ⇒ It looks as if it's going to rain.
UNIT 3
WORDS THAT INTRODUCE ADVERB CLAUSE
OF CONDITION

(IF CLAUSES)
If in case ( that ) only if
Whether or not in the event ( that ) providing ( that )

Eg
46
: In the event of rain, the picnic will be cancelled.
= In the event ( that ) it rains, the picnic will be cancelled.
IV. Only if và Providing that / Provided that / As(So) long as
Eg
47
: The picnic will be cancelled only If it rain.
* Only If by t phn iu kin duy nht.
Note:
Eg
48
: Only if it rains will the picnic be cancelled.
Nu Only if u cõu thỡ cú hin tng o ng.
As long as
so long as u cú ngha " If " hoc
provided that" On condition that "
providing that
Eg
49
: You can use my car as long as ( so long as ) you drive carefully.
( You can use my car but you must drive carefully -thiss a condition)
Eg
50
: Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) / providing (that) you have somewhere to park
Eg
51
: Provided ( that) she studies hard , shell pass her exam.
Providing (that)
Note:

+ by O ( s )
Trong đó: To be: là động từ dao động đảm bảo 2 yếu tố số ít /số nhiều của chủ ngữ, thì thời của động từ
PII
: là động từ cố định
* Các dạng bị động cơ bản:
1. Thì hiện tại đơn:
( + ) S
(o)
+ tobe (is, are, am) + P
II
+ by O
( s )
( -) S
(o)
+ tobe not + P
II
+ by O
( s )
( ? ) Tobe + S
(o)
+ P
II
+ by O
( s )
?
Eg
3
: Mai cleans this room-> This room is cleaned by Mai.
Eg
4

: Didnt Jim dop the cup -> Was not the cup dropped by Jim ?
3. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
( + ) S
(o)
+ tobe (is, are, am) + being + P
II
+ by O
( s )
( - ) S
(o) + tobe not + being + PII
+ by O
( s )
( ? ) Tobe +S
(o) + being + P2 + by O ( s )
?
Eg
9:
Is somebody cleaning the room at the moment ? -> Is the room being cleaned at the moment ?
4. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
( + ) S
(o)
+ tobe (was, were) + being + P
II
+ by O
( s)
( -) S
(o)
+ tobe not + being + P
II
+ O

-> The house has been built by me.
( + ) S ( o ) + had + been +P
II
+ by O ( s )
( - ) S ( o ) + had not + been + P
II
+ by O ( s )
( ? ) Had + S ( o ) + been + P
II
+ by O ( s ) ?
( + ) S ( o ) + will / shall +be + P
II
+ by O ( s )
( -) S ( o ) + won't / shan't + be + P
II
+ by O ( s )
( ? ) Will / shall + S ( o ) +be + P
II
+ by O ( s )
( + ) S ( o ) + will have been + P
II
+ by O ( s )
( -) S ( o ) + won't have been + P
II
+ by O ( s )
( ? ) Will + S ( o ) + have been + P
II
+ by O ( s ) ?
Eg
12

: I need to buy these books.
Note:
-> The exercise must be done before its too late.
-> Does the uniform have to be worn by you ? -> These books need be bought.
-> These books need to be bought.
My shoes need cleaning = My shoes need to be cleaned
Eg
18
: I will have to do all my homework. -> All my homework will have to be done by me.
Eg
19
: Are you going to have to wear uniform ? -> Is uniform going to have to be worn ?
LECTURER: NGUYEN HAI JIM (HNU - G6* - H2T) TEACHING: GRAMMAR, LISTENING, WRITING - TOEFL , IELTS , ôn thi đại học TEL : 8631212
LECTURE ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR Y2K WRITTEN BY NGUYEN HAI JIM


(HNU - G6* - H2T)
UNIT 5 Câu bị động - The passive 2
11. Câu bị động nhờ bảo:
Khi chủ ngữ không trực tiếp thực hiện hành động chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc nhờ bảo have - passive
Have / (Get) + Sth + done
Eg
20
: I always have my mother wash my clothes.
- > I always have / get my clothes washed by my mother.
12. Cấu trúc câu bị động đặc biệt (It's said that....):
Eg
21
: People say that // he beats his wife.-> It is said that he beats his wife.
-> Hes said to beat his wife.

: Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good.
( = Its said to be very good )
Nhng đôi khi "supposed to" , "something is supposed to happen"
= It's planned , arranged or expected.
Eg
26
: The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late
(The train was expected to arrive at 11.30 according to the timetable)
Ngoài ra: "You are not supposed to do sth" = It's not allowed or advisable for you to do it. Eg
27
: Mr Bord is much better after his illness but he is still not supposed to do any
heavy work
(= his doctor have advised him not to do any heavy work )
* Note:
Eg
28
: It's your duty to obey him = you are supposed to obey him.
Eg
29
: You are supposed to have finished = You should have finished.
LECTURER: NGUYEN HAI JIM (HNU - G6* - H2T) TEACHING: GRAMMAR, LISTENING, WRITING - TOEFL , IELTS , ôn thi đại học TEL : 8631212
LECTURE ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR Y2K WRITTEN BY NGUYEN HAI JIM


(HNU - G6* - H2T)
UNIT 6 Câu bị động - The passive 3
13. Cấu trúc bị động của Verb patterns:
Verb + V.ing + Object.
like doing sth -> like being done.
Eg

II
+ A.
Eg
37
: Write your name here.-> Let your name be written here.
* ( S ) + let + sb + do + st.
Eg
38
: He let me go out. -> I was allowed to go out.
Eg
39
: Let me go -> I was allowed to go.
Eg
40
: Dont let others see you. -> Don't let yourself be seen by others.
Eg
41
: Everyone believes him right.-> He's believed to be right.
* Sau các động từ: advise / beg / order / recommend / urge + Indirect object + Infinive + Object, có thể có 2 dạng bị động.
Eg
42
: He urged the council to reduce the rate. -> The council was / were urged to reduce the rate.
-> He urged that the rates should be reduced the rate.
* Sau các động từ:
agree, be anxious, arrange, be determined, determine, decide, demand + to V + O, chỉ có một dạng bị động: that -...
. should.
Eg
43
: He decided to sell the house -> He decided that /the house should be sold.
Gerund: Sau động từ: advise, insist, propose, recommend , suggest + gerund + O -> That -... .should.

LECTURER: NGUYEN HAI JIM (HNU - G6* - H2T) TEACHING: GRAMMAR, LISTENING, WRITING - TOEFL , IELTS , ôn thi đại học TEL : 8631212
LECTURE ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR Y2K WRITTEN BY NGUYEN HAI JIM


(HNU - G6* - H2T)
UNIT 7 Danh động từ - Gerund 1
A. Định nghĩa: Danh động từ là một hình thức tơng đơng với
danh từ. Nó có cùng một dạng thức nh hiện tại phân từ (Present Participle) nghĩa là
động từ nguyên mẫu thêm đuôi "ing". Vì nó mang tính chất của cả danh từ và động từ nên
nó đợc gọi là
"Danh động từ".
Eg
1
: Playing, walking, swimming.
Eg
2
: - Playing tennis is fun. (1)
Eg
3
: - We enjoy swimming. (2)
"playing" và "swimming" là danh động từ. Câu (1) playing
đợc sử dụng nh là chủ ngữ.
Câu (2)
"swimming" đợc sử dụng nh là tân ngữ.
Note: So sánh việc sử dụng "The - ing" form:
Eg
4
: Walking is good exercise
=> walking = gerund = subject.
Eg

: My hobby is going for a walk after dinner.
Eg
14
: Our duty is finishing the work today.
Eg
15
: All we have to do now is studying well.
4 Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ (Prepositional Object): Eg
12
: We thought of going to the party.
Eg
13
: I object to your coming late.
Eg
14
: She apologised for not telling the truth.
Eg
15
: I'm interested in learning English.
Eg
16
: She's good at speaking English.
Một số V + preposition và Adj + preposition :
1. talk about 1. interested in
2. apologise for2. good at >< bad at
3. succeed in 3. fed up with
4. insist on4. the advantage(s) of
5. think of 5. the disadvantage(s) of
6. dream of 6. tired of
7. (dis) approve of 7. surprised at/by

08Do you mind (come) back later?
09 He admitted (hide) the money
10 She says she doesnt mind (wait) for us
11 Steve and Tom have stooped (speak) to each other 12 We enjoy (listen) to music
13 He is going to stop (study) English
14 We will enjoy (use) your cottage at the beach while you are away 15 They have finally
finished (paint) our apartment
16 Would you mind (open) the window?
17 She denied (change) the address on the package 18 We are considering (buy) a new car
19 We would appreciate (receive) your immediately 20 He finally admitted (make) the
mistake
21 I dont mind (ride) the subway
II. Supply an appropriate preposition and verb form
01 Alice isnt interested ___(look) for a new job 02 Henry is excited ___(leave) for India
03 You are capable ___(do) better work
04 I have no excuse ___(be) late
05 Im accustomed ___(have) a bog breakfast
06 The rain prevented us ___(complete) the work
07 Fred is always complaining ___(have) a headache
08 Instead __(study), Margaret went to a ball game with some of her friends
9 Thank you ___(help) me
carry the packages to the post office 10 Mrs Grant insisted ___(know) the whole truth
11 He showed us how to get to his house ___(draw) a map
12 You should take advantage ___(live) here
13 Laura had a good reason ___(go, not) to class yesterday
14 Everyone in the neighborhood participated ___(search) for the lost child
15 I apologized to Diane
___(make) her wait for me
16 The weather is terrible tonight. I dont blame you ___(want, not) to go to the meeting
17 Who is responsible ___(wash) and (dry) the dishes after dinner?

Eg
23
: I can't bear seeing you.
Eg
24
: I can't bear to see you.
C. like, love, hate, neglect, intent:
Eg
25
: I like going out.
Eg
27
: I like to go out.
Note: would like (love) + to.V
D. advise, allow, permit, recommend:
Đối với các động từ kể trên mà có tân ngữ trực tiếp đi kèm thì sử dụng "to V":
Eg
27
: He advises me to apply It at once.
Eg
28
: She recommends housewives to buy the big tins. Eg
29
: They don't allow us to park
here.
Nhng không có tân ngữ đi kèm thì sử dụng "V-ing": Eg
30
: She advised applying It at
once.
Eg

Eg
38
: I always remember to lock the door.
Eg
39
: I remember seeing the Alps for the first time.
Note:
Eg
40
: I remember doing the test
I remember being done the test.
forget + to.V (quên phải làm gì)
forget + doing (quên đã làm gì)
Eg
41
: Don't forget to learn the text by heart. Eg
42
: I forget locking the door.
Try + to V (cố gắng)
Try + Ving (thử)
Eg
43
: I try to learn English, but I'm not successful Eg
44
: I try making friends with her
regret + to.V (tiếc phải nói cho ai về cái gì đó)
regret + V-ing (tiếc đã làm gì trong quá khứ)
Eg
45
: I regret to tell you that you fail the test.

Eg
51
: My father always helps me do my homework. Eg
52
: I can't help laughing at the
sight of the well known comedians on stage.
Eg
53
: He could resist no longer.
Eg
54
: We can't resist thinking that she is your meal ticket.
(Chúng tôi không thể không nghĩ rằng cô ta nuôi anh) Eg
55
: They can't bear being short
of money.
Eg
56
: She can't endure seeing beggars wander about the streets
go on doing ( = continue doing sth)
go on to do ( = do or say something new).
Eg
57
: The teacher went on talking for this topic for 2 hours.
Eg
58
: After discussing the economy, the teacher then
went on to talk foreign policy.
I Complete the following sentences, once with the
gerund and then with the

9 I dont regret (tell) her what I thought, even if it upset her
10 I reget (inform) you that I am unable to
ofeer you employment
11 My brother likes (walk) in the rain
12 I like
(get) up early so that I can get plenty of work
done before I leave home for work
13 Sorry we dont allow (smoke) in this lecture room 14 We dont allow people
(smoke) in here
15 I tried (send) her flowers but it didnt have any effects
LECTURER: NGUYEN HAI JIM (HNU - G6* - H2T) TEACHING:
GRAMMAR, LISTENING, WRITING - TOEFL , IELTS , ôn thi đại học TEL :
8631212
LECTURE ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR Y2K WRITTEN BY NGUYEN HAI JIM


(HNU - G6* - H2T)
UNIT 9 Danh động từ - Gerund 3
7. Sự khác nhau giữa Afraid of V-ing/Afraid to V:
to be Afraid to do = mình không muốn làm điều đó vì nó
nguy hiểm hoặc kết quả có
thể tồi tệ.
to be Afraid of V-ing = có thể một điều gì đó tồi tệ xảy ra. Eg
59
: I was afraid to go
(1)
near
the dog because I was afraid of being
(2)
bitten.

: There's nothing you can do about this situation, so
it's no use worrying about
it.
Eg
65
: It's no good trying to persuade me. You won't succeed.
There's no point in + V-ing (không có lý do gì để).
Eg
66
: There is no point in having a car if you never use it
Eg
67
: There was no point in waiting any longer, so we went.
It's (not) worth + V-ing (đáng và không đáng)
Eg
68
: I live only in a short walk from here, so it's not worth
taking a taxi.
(Have) difficulty (in) + V-ing (khó khăn trong công việc)
Eg
69
: I had difficulty finding a place to live.
Eg
70
: Did you have difficulty in getting a visa?
Note: many difficulties but much difficulty
A waste of time/money + V-ing / to V (phí thời gian, phí tiền)
Eg
71
: It was a waste of time reading

10. Attribute (Định ngữ)
Gerund (V-ing) đứng trớc N:
Eg
76
: We often used sleeping-bag when travelling.
a bag which is used for sleeping.
Eg
77
: They are going to the dancing hall every Saturday. Gerund (V-ing) đứng sau N:
N + of V-ing:
Eg
78
: My teacher has got a good method of teaching. Eg
79
: You should stop your habit
of getting up late. 11. Adverbial Modifier (Trạng ngữ):
By/Without + V-ing (Trạng ngữ chỉ cách thức):
Eg
80
: He earns money by doing manual work.
doing brain work.
Smuggling.
Eg
81
: I improve my English by speaking English to English as much as possible.
Eg
82
: I persuaded them by setting a bright example for them. Eg
83
: I can answer the teacher's

93
: I can't imagine his marrying a girl of that sort.
Eg
94
: We came to class late. Mr Lee complained about
the fact.
Mr Lee complained about our coming to class late. Chúng ta có thể nói:
Mr Lee complained about us coming to class late.
Đối với những danh từ riêng chúng ta có thể làm nh sau:
Mary came to class late. Mr Lee complained about the fact.
Mr Lee complained about Mary's coming to class late. hoặc: Mr Lee complained about
Mary coming to class late. 13. Các hình thái khác nhau về thì và dạng:
Không xác địnhHoàn thành
(Active) Asking Having asked
(Passive)being asked Having been asked
Danh động từ không xác định diễn đạt một hành động cũng xảy ra với hành động của
động từ chính.
Eg
95
: He likes asking questions.
He likes being asked questions.
Danh động từ hoàn thành diễn đạt hành động xảy ra trớc hành động của động từ
chính.
Eg
96
: I'm sorry for having done it (Active)
I'm sorry for having been done it (Passive).
Eg
97
: Arthur said he was sorry he had hurt her feeling.