VfiN D€
THU HUT
VA
SU"
DUNG
H6
TRO
PHHT TRI€N
CHINH
THU'C
(ODR) cun PHRP
TRI VICT
NRAA
TS.
Nguyen Thj Kim Chi
Dgi
Itgc
Kinh te, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi
\. CHINH SACH VA QUY CHE
CUNG CAP ODA CUA PHAP CHO
VIET NAM TRONG THOI GIAN QUA
1.
Cac cong cu va dieu kien vien trg
ciia Phap
Nam
1992,
Phap cimg mdt sd nudc giup
Viet Nam tai lap quan he tai ehinh vai eac
djnh che Bretton Wood,
mdr ra
mdt giai doan

Phap, ddu thau ban che trong eae cdng ty
Phap.
De cdi tien Nghj djnh thu Tai ehinh
hang nam, tir nam
1998
trd lai day, hai ben
da chuyen each lam tir ky Nghj djnh thu Tai
chinh cho nhieu dy an sang ky nghi djnh thu
cho timg dy an cu the ma khdng khdng ehe
ngdn sdch tdi trg hang nam. Ddng thdi cae
nghj djnh thu khdng cd eae khoan tdi trg
khdng hodn lai, chi cd cae khoan vay
uu
dai.
Trong giai doan nay, tai trg tir Nghj djnh thu
dugc tap trung cho
"dc ITnh
vyc uu tien nhu
thoat nuac vd xir ly rac thai, hang khdng,
dudng sat, vien thdng vd che bien ndng san
thye phdm.
Thu hai, Quy Phdt triin Phdp (CFD):
Dugc dua vdo van hdnh tir nam
1994,
CFD
bao gdm: Vien trg khdng hoan lai eho nghien
ciiu
vd lap cdc dy an khd thi; Cho vay dac
biet uu ddi cho hd trg ky thuat vd cae bien
phdp di kem cdc du dn (thdri gian vay 30

Nang cao chdt lugng, kha nang canh tranh,
da dang hoa cac nganh ndng nghiep, djch vu
ea
.sa
phue \
u
nhan dan, cac vcu td chinh eho
su on djnh ehinh trj xa hgi; 2) Do thi: Phat
trien ca sd ha tang dd thj, dae bipt la cae van
dl \
c
nude gan vai cae van de ve sire
khoe
va mdi
Irudaig;
3) Tdi chinh
(ITnh
vyc
chii
yeu de phat trien mdt mdi Irudng kinh te dn
djnh va hieu qua): Hudng cae ngudn tiet
kiem vao cae dy an san xudt
Thir ba, Quy Dodn kit uu tien: Ld mdt
cdng cy khac dap
iing
eac nhu cdu phat trien
eiia
Viet Nam, nhat Id trong ITnh vyc phat
trien ngudn nhan lyc, tdng cudng ndng
lyc

chiln luge (DSP) thdng qua
nam 2002. Nhung hudng uu lien hgp tac ma
DSP dua ra
phii
hgp vdi nhiing djnh hudng
phat triln kinh tc - xa hdi
ciia
Vicl Nam,
cung nhu muc tieu hgp tac
ciia
Phap tai Viet
Nam
Id:
dodn ket, dnh hudng \ a hien dien ve
kinh te. Cu the
Id:
Ho trg Viet Nam trong qua trinh hoan
thien he thdng ludt phdp \a cai each hdnh
chinh;
Hd trg cdng cudc hien dai hod he
thdng gido due vd nghien
ciiu;
Phdt trien hgp tdc van hod tren ca sd
trao ddi vd phd bien kien thiic;
Hd trg qud trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh
le thdng qua phdt trien quan he hai chieu vdi
cac doanh nghiep Phdp;
Gdp phdn xod ddi gidm ngheo vd
cai
thien dieu kien xd hgi;

Tinh hinh chung
Gid tri ODA cam kit: Cdng hod Phdp
la mdt trong nhung nuac cung cdp ODA sam
nhat cho Viet Nam kl tir khi Vipt Nam noi
lai quan he vai cdng ddng tdi chinh quoc tl.
Tir nam 1990
din
2010, Phdp da eung cdp
eho Viet Nam tdng
miie
ODA dat khoang
tren 3,6 ty euro, tdi trg cho khodng 400 dy an
trong cdc
ITnh
vyc uu tien nhu: cap nude sinh
boat, dipn, giao thdng van tdi, ndng nghiep
vd an todn thyc phdm, djch vy, ngdn hdng vd
tdi chinh.
So vdi
miie
ODA cam
kit
ma
thi
giai
ddnh cho Viet Nam thi Phdp la nhd tai trg
song phuong dung ddu chau Au vd diing
thii
hai
thi

1996
1997
1998
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ngudn: Bd Ki hogch vd Dau tu
56
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l2
(135*
2Jl 1
Sd
lieu
a hinh tren cho thay gid tri ODA
Phap cam
ki3t
danh eho Vict Nam cd xu
hudng tang lir ndm 2000 trd lai day. Ddc bipt
eao nhdt la vao nam 2005 vai viec thdnh
lap
trung tam dao tao Phap a Vicl Nam.
Toe
dg
gidi
ngdn: Trong thdri gian qua,
nlu mire dp cam
ket
tang dang ke thi mirc do
giai ngan cae dy an ODA lai tuong ddi

Tinh
hinh thu hiit va sur dung ODA
cua Phap theo
linh
vuc
Giao thdng van tdi: Quan hp hgp tdc
Viet Phdp trong ngdnh giao thdng van tdi
(GTVT) bao
triim
cdc
ITnh
vyc dudng sdt,
dudng bd, dudng bien vd hdng khdng. Tir
nam 1995 den nay, Bg GTVT dd vd dang
trien khai 20 dy dn tir nguon vdn ODA cua
Phap vdi tdng sd vdn khodng
150
trieu frdng
Phap (FRF). Cdc dy dn ndy dd gdp phdn
nang cao ndng lyc van tdi dudng bg thdng
qua viec: xdy dyng cau Gianh, sua chiia cdu
Trdng Tiln; tdng cudng an todn hang hdi vd
ndng cao ndng lyc hoc
xIp
cua cdc cdng Hdi
Phdng, Sdi Gdn; cung cap nguon von chg cae
dy dn dau tu quoc Id 9, Cau Long Bien; xay
dyng vd thyc bicn cac quy djnh ve an loan
hdng khdng; ndng cao nang
lyc

nghidp
vd phdt trien ndng thdn:
Tir ndm 1994
din
2010 cd 25 dy dn trong
ITnh
vyc ndng nghiep vd phdt trien ndng thdn
duge chinh phu Phdp tdi trg, vdi tdng trj gia
gdn 900 tripu FRF vd
335
tripu EUR. Xet vl
sd lugng thi con so tren chua phdi Id nhieu
nhdt, song dieu ddng quan tdm
Id
ylu td chat
lugng vd su da dang cua cdc ngi dung hinh
thiic hgp tac. Cdc chuong trinh, dy dn ndy
tap trung vdo
ITnh
vyc hien dai hod khu
vyc
ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn, ndng cao
chLt
(Vdtt itetliu
kut
tul
ijidtittg,
57
lugng vd khd nang canh tranh
ciia

sach ndng nghiep thdng qua phuang phdp
ddng tham gia vd ket hgp cdc tdc nhdn lien
quan: Dy an phdt trien ndng nghiep ven dd
- Ve hgp tdc xdy dung the che chinh
sdch:
Mdi ddy chinh
phii
Phdp vd chinh
phii
Viet Nam da ky thod thudn ve viec thyc hien
dy an "Tang cudng ndng lyc thdng tin phuc
vu cdng tdc hoach djnh chinh sdch ndng
nghiep" vdi tdng kinh phi
Id
1,5 tripu euro.
Dy an bao gdm 3 hgp phdn chinh lien quan
chat che vdi nhau
Id:
tang cudng ndng lyc
eua trung tdm thdng tin; nghien
ciiu
ndng
f
nghiep vd phat triln ndng thdn; ho trg qudn
^
ly dy an.
•^
Cdc
die
dn sic dung vdn vay uu ddi cua

dang ke eho sy phdt trien cua nganh ndng
nghiep Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, hien cd mdt sd
yeu td dnh hudng den hieu qua eua eac
chuong trinh hgp tdc, nhdt la van de lai suat
vay tir ca quan phat trien Phap cho eac dy an
trong
ITnh
vyc xod ddi giam ngheo. Vdi lai
suat 2,5%/nam, thdi ban vay trong 20 nam
(ed 7 nam an ban), nhieu dy an ha tang ea sd
ndng thdn rdt khd tiep can vd trien khai. Vi
vdy, trong thdi gian tai, ngodi viec xem xet
vdn de
lai
sudt ndi tren, can day manh trao
ddi thdng
tin,
nhdm giiip cae ddi tac hieu rd
ban nhu cdu hgp tdc, phdt trien cua nhau.
Ngdnh cdng nghiep dien: Chinh phu
Phdp da cung cdp ODA cho nganh dien
thdng qua cdc chuang trinh dy dn sau:
- Nghi dinh thu tdi chinh Phdp - Viet
1993:
Trg giiip ky thudt thuy dien Dai Ninh,
tri gid
12,6
tripu FRF.
58
NGHIEN

KV Kien Luang (Kien Giang),
trj gia 6.5 trieu FRF Tram dugc khai cdng
xay dyng vao ndm
1998
vd da hodn thdnh
nghiep thu ddng dien vdo ngdy 30/6/2001.
Nghi dinh thu Tdi chinh ndm
1996:
Cdi tao luai dien thj xd Thanh Hod, trj gid 43
trieu FRF.
- Nghi dinh thu Tdi chinh 1998: Dy dn
trung tdm dieu dp Mien Trung, trj gid 72
trieu FRF, dugc trien khai vdo ddu nam
1999,
den nay da hodn thdnh.
- Du dn dien khi hod ndng thdn mien
Nam,
sir dyng vdn vay cua co quan phdt trien
Phap (AFD). Dy dn dien khi hod ndng thdn
bao gdm 78 xd tai cdc tinh miln Nam, trj gid
phdn vdn vay AFD cua dy dn Id 19 tripu
EUR. Dy dn bdt dau triln khai thyc hien tir
ndm
2001
vd ket thiic ndm 2004.
Nhu vdy, long gid trj vdn ho trg phdt
trien chinh thirc md ngdnh dien dd dugc nhdn
tir chinh
phii
Phdp

vice
hgc tieng Phdp d
Vipt Nam. Khi dd, ve ddo tao can bd khoa
hpc - ky thudt dd cd mdt sd dy dn Idn keo ddi
hon
10
ndm tir ndm
1982 din
ndm
1994.
Sau
hon
10
ndm boat ddng, ban 200 cdn bd gidng
day cua 3 trudng dai hgc Bach khoa Viet
Nam dd dugc di hgc tap nghien cim tai Phap.
Ndm
1992,
Trung tdm Phdp Viet ddo tao ve
qudn
ly
dugc thdnh lap tai trudng dai hpc
Kinh te qudc ddn Hd Ndi vd trudng dai hpc
Kinh tl thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Hdng nam,
kinh phi ddnh cho hai trung tdm ndy khodng
1,5 tripu FRF
Ndm 1995, Trung tdm ddo tao Ky thuat
vien
cao cdp ve Bdo duong cong nghiep
dugc thdnh

tao can bd khoa hgc ky thudt Viet Nam dr
nudc ngodi bang ngdn sdch nhd nuac, Bd
Giao dye vd Ddo tao da ky ket vai dai
sii
quan Phdp
dr
Viet Nam bdn thod thudn ve dao
tao mdi nam khodng 50 tien sy vd tien sy
khoa hge vai dieu kipn uu ddi: mien hpc phi
vd
I id
trg bdo hiem xa hdi. Nam 2001 cd mdt
loat cdc dy an mai dugc tien hdnh. Thdng 6
nam 2001, thod thudn ve ho trg gidng day
tien^
Phdp a Viet Nam da dugc ky ket vdi
tdng kinh phi ban 13 tripu
FRF
Trong ndm
2003 da cd hai dy dn mdi dugc ky ket:
Thii
nhdt la dy an xdy dyng Trung tam ddo tao
Ky thudt vien cao cdp ve Bdo duong cdng
nghiep tai dai hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi vdi
tdng kinh phi hon 17 trieu FRF;
Thii
hai
Id
dy an hgp tdc ddo tao thanh tra vd edn bg
qudn ly gido dye vdi kinh phi khodng

Phap thyc sy da
tra thdnh mpt ngudn vdn quan trpng gdp
phan bd sung, gidi quyet nhu eau vdn cho
ddu tu phdt trien xa hpi. Cung nha ed ngudn
vdn ODA ma cdc muc tieu phdt trien kinh te
xd hdi da dugc thuc hien. Ddi vai nhd tdi
trg Phdp, thdng qua 5
ITnh
vyc hgp tac: phap
luat vd chinh sdch; gido dye; nghien
ciiu
trao
ddi vdn hod vd chuyen giao cdng nghe; hd
t
1
\
r
trg chuong trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh te vd
xod ddi gidm ngheo, cdi thien dieu kien xa
hdi,
cac dy dn ODA cua Phdp da phat trien
sdu rdng vd da dang, dap
iing
tich eye qua
trinh phdt trien cua Viet Nam.
Mat khdc, ODA cita Phap ciing da gdp
phdn cdi
thi^n
vd phdt trien he thdng ca sd
hg tang kinh te Viet Nam. Trong nhiing nam

khd rd vc ITnh vyc ndng
nghiep vd ndng thdn a Vict Nam nen cdc dy
an tai trg
eiia
Phap Ihudng chuan ve muc lieu
va cd hieu qua kha cao.
Cudi ciing, nhdr cd ho trg ky thudt
ciia
Phap ma Vict Nam dd ndng cao dugc ndng
luc qudn ly cung nhu trinh do chuyen mdn
cua dgi ngii cdn bd. Cdc hd trg ndy bao gdm
ede dy an hudn luyen vd ddo tao chuyen mdn
nhdm giiip cho viec tao ngudn nhdn lye cd
trinh dp chuyen mdn cao ddng gdp vdo sy
phdt trien kinh te xa hdi eua Viet Nam;
Chuong trinh cir chuyen gia nhdm giiip cho
Viet Nam cd the dieu tra, nghien cim tim ra
ede gidi phdp ndng eao hieu qud
nin
kinh tl;
Cac dy dn cung cap thiet bj vd vdt lipu
kit
hgp vai viec eu chuyen gia Phdp.
2.
Nhirng ton tai
Ben canh nhiing ket qud dat dugc, cd
the thdy thyc te thu
hiit
vd sir dyng ODA cua
Phap thdri gian qua cdn tdn tai mgt sd ban

vdng nen khdng tinh bet cdc yeu td cu the
cua ddc diem tinh hinh kinh te xa hdi, dja
ly, khi hdu cua nuac ta nen hieu qud phat
huy khdng nhung chua cao md hdu qud tac
ddng ve
Idu
ve ddi cdn cd the rdt ldn. Ve ldng
phi thudng xdy ra a cdc dy dn ho trg ky thuat
(ddc bipt
Id
cdc dy an tdng cudng ndng lyc),
the hien a cho ldng phi trong ehi tieu, trong
sir dung
kit
qud dy dn hodc trong qua trinh
\
f
I
,
%
dieu phdi Ddi vdi dy dn vdn vay, cd the gpi
Id ldng phi khi tien dg thyc hien bj chdm xet
dudi gdc dg tdc dgng ve mat kinh tl- xa
hgi
3.
Quan diem thu
hiit
va siir dung
ODA cua Phap
t^i

phii
hgp vai xu
thi
phdt triln
ciia
cac
i
ha tdi
trg dac biet Id Phdp. Ddng thdri nen phdn bd
eac ngudn vdn ndy cho hgp
ly.
Dae biet, Viet
Nam can thyc hien day
dii
cdc cam
kit
sau:
tien hanh cdng khai boa chinh sach; thye
hien chuyen ddi doanh nghiep nhd nuac;
tang cudng ODA hon niia vao phdt trien con
ngudi; cdi cdch boat ddng he thdng ngan
hang tdi chinh, xem xet lai ehinh sdch thue,
eai thien mdi trudng ddu tu; tap tnmg phat
triln ndng thdn, xod ddi gidm ngheo; thu
hiit
va
s ir
dyng
ODA
cua Phdp nhung

cua cdc nhd tdi trg cho Viet Nam, thdng
12/2001.
3.
Hd Thi Nggc Oanh, Hd trg phdt
triin chinh thiec (ODA) - Nhieng hiiu biit ca
bdn vd thuc tien d Viet Nam, NXB Giao
Dye,
nam 2000.
4.
Ke hogch thu hut vd van ddng ODA
Phdp. Tdi lipu
ciia
Bd Ke hoach vd Dau tu,
nam 2002.
5.
Nghi dinh Chinh
phii
ve ban hdnh
quy che qudn ly vd sic dung ngudn hd trg vd
phdt triin chinh thiec - So
17/2001/ND-CP
ngdy 04 thdng 05 nam
2001.
6. Nghi dinh Chinh
phii
ve ban hdnh
quy che qudn ly vd sir dung ngudn hd trg vd
phdt triin chinh thitc - Sd
136/2006/ND-CP
ngdy 09 thdng

hoach vd Ddu tu.
11.
Viet Nam: Quan he ddi tdc phuc vu
phdt triin. Bdo cdo khdng chinh thiic tai Hdi
nghi Nhdm Tu vdn cdc nhd Tdi trg cho Viet
Nam,
HdNdi,
thdng 12/2003.
12.
Vu Kinh te Ddi ngoai, Bd Ke hoach
vd Dau tu. Bdn tin ODA: sd 32
(31/05/2009),
sd
33 (30/11/2009), sd 34 (31/05/2010), sd
35
(30/11/2010),
sd 36
(31/05/2011).