QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU
BOC
LAP,
Tif CHIJ v£ Boi
]\GOAI
CIJA
VIET
MAM
TROi^G Hdi
NHAP
QV6C
T£'
WSSAN
NAY
Dai ta, TS. Nguyen Van Quang
Vi^n
Khoa
hpcxa
hpi nhan vdn Quan str, Bp Quoc phong
Dgc
lap,
tu
chii
vd ddi ngoai
Id
mdt
hidn tugng chinh tri - ddi ngoai
ciia
mgi qudc
gia. dan
idc

tdc,
quyet dinh hdt thdy
Id
dudng ldi ddi ngi
ciia
mdi qudc gia. Nhin chung, dudng ldi ddi
ndi nhu thd ndo thi dudng ldi ddi ngoai nhu
thd dy. Chinh vi vay,
V.I.Ldnin
dd timg khdi
qudt: chinh sdeh ddi ngogi
Id
su keo dai
ciia
chinh sdch ddi ndi. Trai qua cdc giai dogn
lich su, dudng ldi dgc lap, tu chu vd ddi
ngoai
ciia
Viet Nam cung ndm trong vd ludn
tuan
thii
vdn dd cd tinh quy
luat
nay. Tuy
nhicn.
do ydu cdu nhidm vu dung nudc va
giii nudc d timg giai doan md dde
lap,
tu
chu

dudng ldi kinh td, chirih tri, vdn hda, xa hoi,
qudc phdng vd an ninh
ciia
Td quoc ma thuc
hdnh
sir
nang dgng, sang tao trong ngoai
giao:
kdt
hcxn-nhu^n nbj,iv/n
r^V'it
*-;Aj^
moi
(^de
la
ft, tu'
eltu
o^
itd'i
tt^tit
53
mdt
CLia
ddt nudc vdi ddi ngoai; vira hgp tdc
vira dau tranh, vira ddnh
vira
ddm, vira cuong
vira nhu, chdm lo xay dung moi quan he
dodn ket, hiiu nghi vdi cae nudc Idng gidng,
cac qudc gia tren thd gidi. Kd thira, phat huy

Cdng sdn Viet Nam, mdi day
Id
Dgi hdi lan
thir
XI
da vd dang chii truong: "Thuc hien
dudng ldi ddi ngogi doc lap, tu chu. hda
binh.
hiru nghi, hgp tdc vd phdt trien; chu
dgngva
tich
cue
hdi nhdp qudc te" . Dai hgi
dinh hudng mgi hoat ddng ddi ngogi tap
trung gidi quyet mdi quan he giiia dgc lap, tu
ehu vdi hgi nhap qudc td. Dd gidi quydt dugc
mdi quan he nay, ben canh viec ndm vihig
nhihig dac diem cua thdi dgi, bdi cdnh qudc
te va khu vuc, cdn nhgn thiic rd mgt sd thudn
Igi va khd khan song hanh do hdi nhgp qudc
Van
up"
i^'>;
^A
NxbI - - -
te dem lgi vdi ddi ngoai
ciia
Viet Nam nhu
sau:
Thu nhdt. vdi bdn chat

choi" nen cae mue tidu ddi ndi cua cdc nudc
ciing nhu Viet Nam se khdng thd thuc hien
dugc tridt dd, keo theo tinh chdt dgc lap, tu
ehii
ve ddi ngoai sd bi tdc dgng d nhiing
pham vi khde nhau vd
miic
do nhdt dinh.
Thu hai. khdc vdi hgp tae quoe te don
thudn trudc ddy - hdnh vi cdc
ehii
the qude te
dap ling Igi ich, nguyen vgng cua nhau,
khdng chdng ddi nhau, thi nay hdi nhap qudc
td vugt len trdn su hgp tde thdng thudng do.
Nd ddi hdi su chia se vd tinh ky ludt eao
ciia
cdc
chii
thd tham gia. Khi cdc cam ket qudc
Id
duge ky kdt, se tgo ra dieu kien phap Iy,
nang cao tinh ddng thudn vd tinh chu dgng
thuc hidn cho cdc
chii
the trong mdt nudc va
nhidu nudc ciing hgp
lire
tgo nen
sue

phdng \a an ninh tir mgi the che kinh td,
chinh tri. khdi nudc khdc nhau, gidng keo,
chuyen
hda lugt phdp
ciia
moi nudc vd
chia re cac chu the trong mgt nudc hay
nhieu nude vdi nhau, de dga
true
tidp den su
dgc lap, tu
chii ciia
ddi ngoai cung nhu
sir
kien dinh eac myc tidu ddi ndi
ciia
mdi nudc,
trong dd ed Vict Nam.
Thir
ba.
xu the hdi nhdp ve ehinh tri tgo
nen vd vdn thdi co vd thuan lgi
Idn
ddy ray
thdch
thtJrc
vd khd khdn vdi dudng ldi ddi
ngogi dgc lap, tu
chii ciia
mdi nudc. Du vd

te-
Mgt
so van
di
ly
lugn
va thuc tiin, 31-
8-201 i,

ASEAN
hi?n
nay. Hidp hdi cdc qudc gia
Ddng Nam A nay van dang trong giai doan
dau qud trinh hgi nhap ay ndn van cdn tdn tai
nhidu sy khdc
bi?t
vd dg tin edy giiia cdc
thdnh vien cdn han ehe. Theo do, tinh chat
dgc lgp, ty
chii
vd dudng ldi ddi ndi va
dudng Idi ddi ngoai cdn dugc de eao. Vai tro
dgc lap, tu
ehii,
quydn ty quydt
ciia
cac chu
thd quoc gia,
chii
thd ddi ngogi cdn dugc the

CO
cau chinh tri sidu qudc gia. Do muc
tidu ddi ndi, lgi ich
ciia
cdc qudc gia nhd be
vd thap dan di dugc thay thd bdi nhirng muc
tieu to
Idn ciia
ca cdng ddng, se keo theo
sir
dgc lap, tu
ehii
ve ddi ngogi bi tridt tieu, loai
tru den
miic
thap nhdt. Quydn ty quydt cua
cdc qudc gia bj xem thudng, tinh chat doi
ngogi dgc lap, tu
chii
gdn nhu hoan todn bj
chi
nhdi
va-Jan.
at-
hdi.
tinh oK3t nh.i
ihugc.
(Ddetiifi,
iu'eltu
o^(toi

Idn
lao
tir hdi nhdp qudc te, nhu phdi cd su du bdo
chinh
xdc,
hidu diing nguy ca. ndm vihig thdi
CO,
hay sy nhgy ben, sac xdo trong sy thye
hdnh tdm cdng ddi tdc, ddi tugng; su kidn
dinh nguyen tac md
iing
xir linh hoat hay tu
duy dgc lap, tu
chii,
sang tgo, ldm
chii
qua
trinh ddi ngoai
ciia
minh Khdng dinh minh
hay ddnh mat minh tren
ITnh
vuc ngogi giao
Id
van dd ndi len can gidi quyet khi hdi nhdp
sau han vdo mdt "sdn choi" qudc td rdng
Idn
vd da trd thdnh mdt xu the khdch quan, nhu
cdu tdt
yeu cua mgi qudc gia.

vdo
cudc ddu tranh vi hda
binh.
dgc lap ddn
tgc,
ddn
chii
va lien
bd
xa hdi
Iren the giai "^
Dd thyc hien thdng lgi nhiem vu ehinh trj
ndy, ddi ngoai Viet Nam phai tidn hdnh ddng
thdi nhidu hoat dgng khac nhau. De gidi
quydt mdi quan he giu-a dgc lap, tu ehu vd
hdi nhdp qudc td can lam tdt mdt sd vdn dd
CO bdn sau ddy.
Mgt
Id,
ddi ngoai
Viet
Nam phdi qudn
triet
sdu sdc vd thuc
hdnh dung
lu
ludng
xdy
dung thuc luc mgnh. Thyc hien diing lu
tudng ngoai giao Hd Chi Minh: "Thuc

thi
trudc hit
minh
phdi tu
giup Idy
minh
dd"^.
Dieu kien de bdo dam dgc
lap,
tu
chii
vd ddi ngoai hidn nay
Id
giu'
viing dn
^
Van kien Dgi hoi Dai bieu loan qudc lan thu XI,
Nxb
Chinh
tri
Qu6c
gia,
Wk
Noi,
2011,
tr.236.
"
Ho Chi
Minh
loan

quoc
te;
thidt lgp vd duy tri thudng xuydn trgng
thai quan
h?
qudc
Id
can bang vdi cdc nudc
Idn.
cdc trung tam tdi chinh, kinh
Id
Idn,
cac
nhom, khoi nudc khu vuc cd dnh hudng
Idn
trdn thd gidi. Khi cdc thyc lyc ndy ngdy cang
dugc xay dyng 1cm manh, ngogi giao
Vipt
Nam khdng nhiing giii virng dugc dgc lap, ty
chii.
vai trd. uy tin ngdy cdng khdng djnh vd
tang cudng tren trudng qude te, md cdn cd
thd
chii
ddng tham gia, lan toa su dnh hudng
vd lien tdi chi phdi nhat dinh ddn cdc quan he
qudc td, cdc quyet sdch qudc te.
Hai
Id,
ddi ngogi Viet Nam phdi kiin

Id
nhihig
lgi ich cd tinh nguydn tdc, khdng thd nhan
nhugng, thda
hi?p.
Cd nhu vdy, bdn chdt cua
dgc lap, ty
chii
trong hgi nhdp qudc le moi
dugc thyc hidn vd thyc
hi?n
theo dting nghTa:
"Dgc lap nghia la chung tdi diiu khien
lay
mgi cdng
vi$c ciia
chiing tdi, khdng cd su
can
thiep
a
ben
ngodi"'
Tuy nhidn nhu da ndi d tren, ban chdt
ciia
hgi nhdp Id su chia se Igi ich, muc lieu,
gid trj ngudn lyc, quydn luc vd tudn thii cac
ludt choi chung; vd mgt sd hgc gid cung timg
canh bdo vd nhiing mdt trdi ciia hdi nhdp la
ed "nhiing didu kidn ddnh ddi giiia kinh te
va

khu vyc; 3) Khdng de sy chia se bdi hai
loi
ich trdn ddy chuyen hda, tac dgng, anh
Ho Chi Minh
noi
chuyen
lgi
Hgi nghi ngogi giao
lan
thu
ba,
1964.
Ho sa
luii tr&
ciia
Bg
Ngoai giao.
^ H6
Chi
Minh
toan
tap,
tdp 5, Nxb CTQG,
Hil
N^i,
2000,
tr.
136.
* ve
LSm,

su ddng tinh,
iing
hg vd giiip dd qude te ldm
tdng
thdm khd ndng ty
lyc
tu cudng, tgo didu
kien lam chuydn bidn so sdnh luc lugng vat
chdt vd
tinh thdn cho cdng cudc ddi mdi. Dgc
lap,
tu chu ludn gdn vdi dodn kdt, hgp tdc
qudc td, ddng thdi ket hgp vdi ddu tranh kien
quydt md khdn kheo dd thuc hien muc tidu
chien
luge Id
xdy dung vd bao ve thdnh cdng
Td quoc Viet Nam vdi tinh cdch
Id
Td qudc
xd hgi
chu nghTa.
Ba
Id,
ddi ngogi
Viet Nam
cdn
chit
dgng
tham

thi?p
vao cdng viec ndi bd hay
bj dgng, bat ngd trude nhu'ng dien bidn
ciia
mdi trudng qudc te, sy hgp tdc
ciia
ddi tdc
hay chdng doi
ciia
doi tugng ma
chii
ydu cdn
Id ndu cao va phdt huy tinh
chii
ddng trong
vide
tham gia vdo mgi ngi dung, tien trinh
hoat dgng ciia khu vyc vd qudc td. Dinh
hudng hogt
d0ng
ddi ngogi, Dai hdi XI
ciia
Dang xdc djnh phdi:
"Chit
dgng ngdn
ngira
vd gidm thieu tdc dgng lieu
cue
cua qud
trinh hgi nhdp qudc li.

trach
nhi?m
ddi vdi sy dn dinh ciia cd khu
vuc va qudc td. Phai
lam
cho cac nudc, khdi
nudc,
cac thd chd, thiet chd thay ro nhan
Id
va vai trd
ciia
Viet Nam, cdc van de cua Viet
58
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°4 (1391.2012
Nam ciing la vdn dd cua khu vyc. quoc
id,
qua dd Cling hgp lyc thyc
hi^n
nhiing de
xuat, sdng kien cua
Vi?l
Nam, Mdt khdc,
cung phdi
ludn
dc eao cdnh gidc trong quan
he ddi ngogi vd hgp lac qudc
id.
Tich cyc
thyc hidn phuang chdm da dang hda, da

Viet
Nam.
Trong xu thd hgi nhgp qudc
te hidn nay, sy hieu biet ve todn didn mgi
mat
ciia
ddi sdng kinh tc. chfnh trj, xa hgi,
qudc phdng, an ninh
ciia
ddt nudc, ciing nhu
qudc
Id
va khu vyc
Id siic
mgnh cua ngogi
giao Viet Nam. Trong dd, didm mdu chdt cua
su hidu bidt la: Ndm viing ndi dung, xu thd
van ddng phdt tridn tdt ydu cua thdi dai vd
mue tieu cua each mgng Vidt Nam; Hieu rd
lyc lugng cdch mang trong nudc, khu vye vd
qudc td, phuang thirc phdt huy
sire
mgnh dan
tdc vd
siic
manh thdi dai; Hidu bidt sau sdc
vd phuong phdp, nghd thudt ngogi giao, nhdt
Id tu duy dgc lap, ty
chii,
sang tgo vd phong

ndo cung cdn kiin djnh y chi dgc
lap,
tu
chu
vd neu cao tinh than hgp tdc qudc ti, phdt
huy cao dg ndi luc, ddng thai tranh thii
ngogi
luc
kit hap yeu to truyin thdng vdi
yiu td hien dgi".
Den
ddy, xem ra mgi viec
dgc lap, tu
chii
trong hgi nhdp qudc
id
khdng
chi phu thugc vdo chinh sdch ddi ndi md cdn
phy thugc rdt nhieu vdo cd ddi ngogi niia.
Nam viing nhiing chidu hudng thudn
Igi,
kho khdn vd tdc dgng cua hgi nhgp qudc
td; kidn quydt thuc hdnh mdt sd van de co
ban tren day, ddi ngogi Viet Nam khdng
nhimg ngdy cang khdng djnh dugc vj the,
ndng ldm hogt dgng, dnh hudng
ciia
minh
tren trudng qudc
Id