Nghien curu
Research
NANG CAO CHAT LUONG CHO
VAY
DOANH NGHIEP
VUA VA
NHO TRONG THOI GIAN QUA:
Thuc tien Vietinbank Hai Duong
Th.S.DAOTHILANANH
Truong Gao
dSng
Kinh
\&
Ky
thu$t
Hai Duong
^ «S^5Ba*„.
Viettn
••f%^
••
y
T
hj trudng
tai
chinh thudng
phan biet
3
loai
lai
suat:
(i)

vi
du
LIBOR,
TIBOR,
VIBOR,
(iii)
lai
sudt thuang
mai,
la
lai
sudt
cdc
NHTM
vay
hoac
cho
vay
cdc ddi
tupng khdng phai
la
ngan hang trong
nen
kinh
te, vi du
lai
sudt
huy
ddng,
lai

LI
<
L2 <
L3
<
L4 (vdi
LI la mile lam
phat,
L2 la lai
suat
huy
ddng,
L3
la
lai suat
cho vay, L4
la
ty
suat
Ipi
nhuan binh quan
xa
hdi trong cung
ky
han lai
suat. Trong
mot
vai thdi
diem,
mdi

cua
lai
suat
cho vay
cua NHTM
ilol viri
hoat dong cua
cac DNWN
Trong quan
he tin
dung giiia DN
va
Ngan hang,
lai
sudt
cho vay
phan
anh gia ca
ciia
ddng vd'n
ma
ngudi
sii
dyng
vd'n Id cdc
DN phai
tra cho ngudi cho vay
la
cac
NHTM.

khdc
la tac
ddng tryc tiep
de'n Ipi
nhuan
ciia
DN
va qua dd
dieu chinh
cac
hanh
vi
ciia
hp cdc
hoat ddng kinh
te.
Khi
lai
sudt cho vay
ciia
NHTM tang
se
day chi
phi ddu
vao va
gia
thanh
san pham tang
len,
lam suy

dieu kien cho DN
giam
chi phi, ha gid
thanh, nang
cao hieu
qua
kinh doanh
va kha
nang canh tranh.
Lai
suat
cho vay
thdp ludn
la
ddng lyc khuyen khich
cdc DN
md
rdng
ddu tu,
phdt trien
cac hoat ddng SXKD
va qua dd
kich thich tang trudng trong toan
bd
nen
kinh
te.
O nudc
ta, do
dilu kien

tinh trang lam phat tang
cao
va
tac ddng
tii
cac giai phap
chdng lam phat
ciia
Chinh phu,
mat bang lai suat cho vay
ciia cac
NHTM tren thj trudng da cd nhiing
bien ddng bat thudng
va
gay ra
nhieu
xao
trdn trong nen kinh te,
trong dd khu vyc DN la noi chiu
nhieu anh hudng nhat. Cd
le
mai
sau
nay
ngudi ta khdng the quen
dupc canh tupng "ddng ngudi" xep
hang de nit tien
tii
noi
lai

ngudn cung tin dyng bj han che da
ddn de'n tinh trang hdu het cdc DN
budc
phai CO
cau lai hoat ddng
SXKD, cdt giam viec ddu tu, thu
hep quy md va pham vi hoat ddng.
- Nhieu DN cd quy md nhd, vd'n
it, khdng chiu dyng dupc
miic
lai
suat cap, khdng cd kha nang huy
ddng vd'n de duy tri hoat ddng
SXKD da phai ngiing hoat dpng,
giai the va pha san.
Budc sang nam 2009, bdng
nhieu giai
P^aP
cua
Chinh phu va
Ngan hang Nha nudc Viet Nam,
m'at
bang
lai
suat da lien tuc dupc
dieu chinh
giam,
ngudn cung tin
dung dupc ndi
Idng,

Tren co sd phan tich, danh gia
nhiing tdc ddng
cila
lai suat cho
vay ddi vdi hoat ddng
ciia
DN,
tii
dd
cd cdc gidi phap tdi uu nhdm khai
thac cac tdc ddng tich cyc vd han
che cdc tdc ddng tieu cyc
ciia
lai
sudt nhdm dat dupc cdc muc tieu
trong hoat ddng kinh doanh cilng
nhiing hoat ddng dieu tiet nen kinh
te ludn Id yeu cdu dat ra dd'i vdi
ca
cac NHTM, cac DN vd cdc ca quan
qudn ly
vI
md,
Diing tren giac dd
ciia
mdi ben,
cac djnh hudng va gidi phdp cu the
khi
xii ly
van de

qua va phat trien.
Vi
vay, khi thuc
hien chinh sach
lai
suat, cac NHTM
nen:
- Phan tich va danh gid chinh
xdc
miic
sinh Idi
ciia
DN de
tii
dd
xac djnh
lai
sudt cho vay hop ly,
dam bdo ddi ben ciing cd
Ipi.
- Nang cao kha nang dy bao va
thuc hien tdt vai trd tu van ve lai
suat cho vay dd'i vdi khdch hang de
giiip DN phdng
ngiia va
han che nil
ro cho chinh minh va cho ca Ngan
hang.
- Cung cap cdc san pham phdi
sinh lam cdng cu phdng ngiia nil ro

DN
Lai sudt tien vay la chi phi ddu
vao nen de dam bao hoat ddng
kinh doanh cd lai va phat trien ben
viing, DN cdn phai:
- Tinh toan va dy bdo that ddy
dii,
chi'nh
xac
ve chi phi
lai
vay khi
xem xet, danh gia hieu qua va
quye't dinh thyc hien ddi vdi cdc
phuang an/dy an SXKD.
- Tich cyc va
chii
ddng thyc
hien cac cdng cu phdng ngiia nii ro
ve
lai
suat thdng qua viec khai
thac,
sii
dung cac san pham phai
sinh de bao hiem
cac rili
ro do bien
g^
309 (8/2010)

nang lyc ty
chii
ve tai chinh, da
dang hda
cac
kenh huy ddng vd'n,
tranh viec phy thudc qua Idn
vao
ngudn vdn vay Ngan hang.
Mot
SO
van de ve lai suat ngan
hang trong vai nam gan day
Lai suat huy dpng: Lien tuc tang
Vdi
miic
lai suat huy ddng dupc
dua
tii
tren dudi 8%, rdi len 12%,
15%
va nhdm han che tien ra luu
thdng da gdp phdn vao viec chan
diing lam phat
tii niia
cudi
ciia
nam 2008. Tdc dd tang gia tieu
dung da cham lai
tii

giam kinh te. Chinh sach tien te da
chuyen
tii
thdt chat sang ndi Idng,
vdi hang loat
cac
ddng thai, trong
dd cd viec ha nhanh, ha
lien
tuc lai
suat
CO
ban, khien lai suat cho vay
ciia
cac NHTM cilng giam theo,
ddng thdi keo lai suat huy ddng
giam xudng tuong
ling.
Tii
dau
thang 9/2008, cdc NHTM dieu chinh
giam ddn lai suat huy ddng vd'n vdi
miic
giam
til
1- 2%/nam trong mdi
thang, va de'n cudi nam 2008 giam
cdn 8-
10%/nam,
tuong duang vdi

(tiic
Id cao hon tdc dd tang gia tieu
dung),
nhung neu khdng dupc tang
len,
thi chdng nhiing khdng
hiit
them dupc lupng tien mdi
ma
cdn
khdng
giii
dupc lupng tien
cil
de'n
ky dao han. Trong khi dd, thdi
diem
nay
dang xuat hien mdt so
yeu to tac ddng khac can trd viec
thu
hiit
tien gui tiet kiem. Cu the:
gid vang lien tyc tang cao; thi
trudng chiing khoan bien ddng
ngoai dy doan; gia tieu diing tang
cao len
va
cd dy bao ve nguy co tai
lam phdt trong tuong

mdt
sd
NHTM da
"lach"
bdng cac phu phi,
nen thyc te lai suat cd the d
miic
cao han, tham chi cd the len de'n
23-
24%. Khi LSCB giam thi lai suat
cho vay cung giam theo. Va khi
LSCB giam xudng cdn 7%/nam thi
lai suat cho vay cao nhat chi cdn
10,5%/nam.
Tuy chi cdn bdng
mpi
niia miic
cao nhat trudc day,
nhung van la cao so vdi kha nang
sinh
Idi cila
doanh nghiep.
De ngan chan suy giam kinh te
trudc tac ddng tieu cyc
ciia
cudc
khiing hodng tai chinh va suy thoai
kinh te toan cau, trong dieu kien
ngudn lyc cdn han che, Chinh
phii

thy
ca
trong
va
ngoai nudc. Tdc
ddng
thii
hai
Id
giiip keo mdt lupng
vd'n tin dyng gdp 25 ldn
tii
NHTM,
gdp phdn cung cap cho doanh
nghiep dang ddi vd'n, giiip gidm
khd khan cho doanh nghiep. De'n
nay, mdt lupng vd'n tin dung len tdi
tren 330 nghin ty ddng da dupc di
vao
san xuat kinh doanh. Ciing
thdng qua gdi kich cdu nay, cdc
NHTM da day manh hoat ddng cho
vay nen kinh te,
giii va
tang dupc
lai
suat huy ddng lupng tien trong
dan cu, nhd lai sudt tiet kiem van
bao dam dupc thuc duong.
KINH

viia
tranh
thii
dupc gia ca nguyen vat lieu, ky
thuat- cdng nghe dang thap,
viia
nang cao hieu qua
va siic
canh
tranh, ddn ddu khi kinh te phuc
hdi.
Thvc trang tai Vietinbank
Hal
Dirong
Tii
ddu nam de'n nay, Ngan
hang TMCP Cdng thuong
(Vietinbank Viet Nam) chi nhanh
Hai Duong da tap trung ra soat cac
khoan np vay, cd bien phap
xii
ly
kip thdi ddi vdi nhiing trudng hpp
npxdu,
np qua han. Kiem soat chat
che,
hpp ly ca cau tin dung. Tap
trung khai thdc ngudn vdn. Thyc
hien
chii

cac
doanh nghiep: Cdng ty TNHH
mdt
thanh vien Kinh doanh nudc sach
Hai Duong, Cdng ty Xi-mang Hoang
Thach, Cdng ty TNHH San xua't vat
lieu
xay dyng Thanh Cdng, Cdng ty
CP Xay
Idp
1
Hai Duong
Vietinbank Hai Duong cdn dang
trien khai Chuang trinh cho vay
ndng nghiep, ndng thdn va Chuang
trinh cho vay doanh nghiep xua't
khau vdi nhiing chinh sach uu dai
lai
suat hap ddn va cac djch vu phu
trp nhieu tien ich. Muc tieu
ciia
chuang trinh nay la thiic ddy sy
phat trien kinh te khu vuc ndng
nghiep, ndng thdn; hd tro
cac
doanh nghiep xudt khau ve nhu
cdu
sii
dung vd'n de tang cudng
hoat ddng xudt khau

thii
tuc vay vd'n dan gian, thuan
tien.
Ben canh dd, Chuang trinh cho
vay xudt khdu vdi nhieu chinh sdch
uu dai,
lai
sudt hap ddn cho doanh
nghiep dang dupe thyc hien vdi
lai
sudt cho vay theo Chuang trinh nay
thdp hon
1,5%/nam
so vdi
lai
suat
cho vay thdng thudng
ciia
S6
309
(8/2010) KINHTE
CHAU A -THAI BlNH DUONG
Nghien curu
Research
Vietinbank dang dp dung cho
khach hdng. Ben canh dd, chuang
trinh cdn cd cac chinh sach ho trp
khdc ve sdn phdm, ve cung cap
djch vy trpn gdi va tu van; don gian
hod cac

huy ddng vd'n, tap trung ngudn vd'n
cho
cac
doanh nghiep
viia
va nhd.
Day manh dich vy cham sdc khach
hang va quan tam phat trien khach
hang. Phat trien cdc san pham dich
vu mdi, dua nhieu tien ich mdi vdo
san
pham the nhdm dap
ling
nhu
cau ngay cang cao
ciia
khach
hang
Mot so giai phap nang cao chat
lirpg
cho vay doi
vm
DNWN
De nang cao chat lupng cho vay
doanh nghiep
viia va
nhd
ciia
cdc
ngan hang thuong mai ndi chung

mdt la
de
bao
cao thue va mdt la
tinh hinh kinh doanh thyc te
ciia
doanh nghiep. Bao
cao
tai chinh
de khai thue thudng cd ket qua
tha'p hon so vdi tinh hinh thyc te
hoac de Id. Khi di vay ngan hang thi
doanh nghiep thudng dua ra bao
cao tai chinh dupc
lap
theo bao
cao thue (vi sp bj truy thu thue),
ma can
cii
vao nhiing bao cao nay
thi doanh nghiep se khdng
dii
dieu
kien dupc vay. Chinh vi vay, ngan
hang cdn cd hudng ddn doanh
nghiep
lap
bao cao tai chinh sat vdi
tinh hinh kinh doanh thyc te de
ngan hang dya vao dd ma tham

hang. Trinh dp cdng nghe cung vdi
con ngudi
sii
dung cdng nghe dd
ddng vai trd quye't djnh chat lupng
phuc vu khdch hang. Cdng nghe
dem lai nhiing budc tien nhanh va
kha nang dap ling vupt trdi sy ky
vpng
ciia
khach hang.
- Thudng xuyen trao ddi thdng
tin vdi khach hang dudi nhieu hinh
thiic,
dupc thyc hien song song
hoac Idng ghep vdi nhau nhu hdi
nghi khach hdng; cdc chuang trinh
quang cdo, khuyech truang san
phdm, djch vy; td chiic cdc cudc
tham dd, dieu tra nhu cdu
ciia
khach hang; thiet
lap
dudng day
ndng Thdng qua dd, ngan hang
truyen tai de'n khach hang thdng tin
ve sdn pham, dich vu,
xii ly
cdc yeu
cdu

ddi kip thdi thi
so vu khieu nai gidm, ddng nghia
vdi dd la
miic
dp hdi Idng vd niem
tin
ciia
khach hang dupc nang cao.
Gidi quyet tdt khie'u nai
ciia
khach
hdng vdn dem lai co hdi cho ngan
hang
giii
chan khach hang. Ddng
thdi han che dupc sy Ian truyen
thdng tin do khach hang khdng
dupc ngan hang giai quye't khie'u
nai dem sy khdng hai Idng
ciia
minh ndi vdi nhiing ngudi khac.
KINHTE
CHAUA-THAI
BINH
DUONG So 309
(8/2010)