LICH SLf
-
VAN HOA
- XA HOI
CHAU
AU
Dfic f>\m
cun
Qun
TRINH
nh
LRN
XAM
NHSP
DONG
Nnivi n
(Dfiu
TH€'KV
XVII - CUOI
TH^KV
XVIII)
Ths.
Le
Thj
Mai
Khoa Ljch
sdr
-
Dgii
hgc Supham
- Dgi

bet
sire
to ldn
trong
nen
thuang
mai
Ddng
Tdy cd
truyen.
He thdng
mau
dich bang
bai
dugc hinh thdnh
xuyen
dai
duang,
ndi
lien
cdc luc dia. Thi
trudng
the
gidi dugc
md
rdng cung
dan den
sir
hinh thdnh
chii

va
truyen gido
trong
the ky XVI. Tuy vay, vdo dau the ky
XVII,
uu the dy
thudc
ve Ha Lan rdi Anh va
Phdp.
Dau
the ky
XVII,
Ha Lan da vdo
cudc
vdi
sir
hau
thuan
to ldn
ciia
nen
cdng
boa
non
tre
ciing hang nghin thuy
thu
diing
cdm.
ldnh nghl,

gidi cdng thuang
gia Ha Lan
trong
cudc canh tranh quyet liet
vdi cdc
dich
thu,
gianh
dia vi bd
quyen.
Ddng
Nam A
(DNA)
tir rit sdm da
dugc
nhieu nudc
ldn
tren
thi
gidi quan
tam
din
vi
cd ngudn huang lieu,
gia vi ndi
tiing
vd vi tri
chien lugc quan trgng tren
true
hang

cua khu vuc
DNA
hai dao. Ndm 1595,
doan vien chinh
dau tien
cua hg
sang phuang Ddng
da cap
cdng Bantam
- mgt
thuang cang
hd
tieu
nli
tiing tren
ddo
Java.
Lgi
nhuan
tir
chuyin
di
ndy
da md diu cho
nhiing boat dgng bdng vfi
^de itienc
eua qud
ti'inh
55
lire

nhap thi trudng DNA, cd the nit ra cdc ddc
diem sau:
1.
"Doc quyen thuong mai" chi phoi
toan bo qua trinh Ha Lan xam nhap Dong
Nam A
Vdo the ky XVI, XVII, cdc qudc gia
chau Au nhu Bd Ddo Nha, Tay Ban Nha, Hd
Lan, Anh da ra
siic
md rdng nen ngoai
thuang. Dudi
sir
bdo trg
ciia
hodng gia, cdc
qudc gia tren bdn ddo Iberia da di tien phong
trong qud trinh chinh phuc, xdm nhdp thi
trudng chau A.
6
ldn sdng
thii
hai, chfnh phu
Hd Lan, Anh da
chii
ddng nim lay boat ddng
Clia cdc cdng ty thuang mai, cung cap vdn vd
trao cho nhieu ddc quyen de bien chiing
thdnh nhiing cdng cu xam nhdp hieu qud
ban. Dilu ndy chiing thuc tam quan trgng

Ddi vdi hg, lgi fch thuang mai
Id
muc dfch
chien lugc hdng dau. Budn bdn, thu lgi
nhuan la
dieu
de hieu ddi vdi qudc gia tu sdn
thuang nghiep mdi vuan len.
Vdo cudi the ky XVI, nhu cau ve huong
lieu, gia vi cua phuang Ddng d thi trudng
chau Au tdng nhanh. Vdn tham gia tfch cue
vdo viec thu mua vd bdn lai cdc san pham
thudc dia cua Bd Ddo Nha d chau Au nen
gidi thuang nhan Hd Lan da nhanh chdng
nhdn thay huang lieu, gia vi chfnh
Id
loai
hdng boa mang lai lgi nhuan cao
nliit
vd
"r/n
Palmira Brummett (History) & Lydia Pulsipher
(Geography): U. of Tennessee, Going Beyond Nation
and
the "East-West" Divide,

ctions/brummett.htmi.
56
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°09 (132).20n
ludng chdc chdn rdng ddc quyen huang lieu

chiing ta phdi
nhdm
vdo"
Vi vay, muc dfch hang dau
ciia
Ha Lan khi xam nhap DNA
Id
loai bd tat cd
cdc the
lire
cdn trd hp gianh ddc quyen
thuang mai cdc mat hang huong lieu, gia vi
d khu vuc nay.
Ddt nen tang cho todn bd qud trinh ndy
la
sir
thdnh lap mdt cdng ty thuang mai ddc
quyen Cdng ty Ddng An Hd Lan (1602).
Cd the ndi, sau Bd Ddo Nha, ngudi Hd Lan
(cung nhu ngudi Anh) da dua vdo mdt y
tudng hodn todn mdi me, d trinh dp cao
trong boat ddng thuong mai qudc te, dd
Id
loai binb cdng ty cd pban. Trong dieu le
thdnh lap, ddc quyen thuong mai vd viing
thuang mai ddc quyen
ciia
Cdng ty da dugc
khang dinh:
''Khdng

thi trudng Vicn Ddng, gianh lay ddc quyen
thuang mai tir tay Bd Ddo Nha trong the ky
XVII.
O khu vuc DNA hdi ddo, den giu'a the
ky
XVII,
vdi viec loai bd ddi thu Bd Dao
Nha, the
lire
canh tranh
ciia
ngudi Anh va
chinh phuc cdc tieu qudc tren bdn dao Ma
Lai,
Sumatra, Java bdng vii
lire,
ngudi Ha
Lan da thdnh cdng trong vice gidnh doc
quyen thuang mgi cdc mat hang huong lieu,
gia vi vd thiec d day. Vi du: ddc quyin cay
dinh huang dd rai vdo tay Cdng ty vdi viec
kiem sodt cdc ddo Ambonia, Ternate, Tidore
vd chinh phuc Macassar; cudc chinh phuc
quin dao Banda dem lai cho Cdng ty doc
quyen bat vd vd nhuc dau khiu ldm huong
lieu; ddc quyin budn bdn thiic dat dugc
bdng hiep udc vdi cdc tieu qudc Palembang,
Aceh; chinh phuc tilu qudc Bantam, Cdng ty
da nim dugc ddc quyin budn bdn ho tieu.
D.G.E. Hall: Lich sir Dong Nam A, Nxb. Chinh trj

VOC
Id
the
lire
duy nhat cd quyen budn bdn
mdt cdch hgp phap ddi vdi tat cd bang hda
ciia
Indonesia ciing nhu chau A dugc trao
ddi d cdng nay. De dam bdo ddc quyen
thuong mai, VOC da qudn ly gdt gao boat
ddng cua cdc tdu budn dia phuong. Theo dd,
tat cd cdc tdu dia phuang phdi cd mdt gidy
thdng hdnh do Cdng ty cap cho mdi chuyen
di lai. Day la ddc diem chung cho tat ca cdc
thdnh phd cdng khde cua khu vuc qudn ddo
thudc quyen kiem sodt
ciia
VOC^
Trong qua trinh canh tranh vdi cdc ddi
thil de gidnh ddc quyen thuang mai cdc mat
bang huong lieu, gia vj d khu vuc bdi ddo,
VOC da ddnh qud nhieu lgi nhuan budn bdn
thu dugc cho viec xay dung phdo ddi, duy tri
nhirng vi trf tien tieu ldn vd trang bi cdc ham
dpi tdu chien. Vi vay, cdng viec kinh doanh
cua VOC trong thuang mai hai chieu giiia
chau Au vd chau A khdng thu dugc ket qua
nhu mong dgi. Hp bdt dau "theo guang Bd
^
Leonard Blusse: Among Feign Friend and Declared

khu vuc bdng cdcb md ra nhirng
mdi quan he bang giao vd thuang mai mdi
vdi cdc qudc gia trong luc dia.
So vdi khu vue hdi ddo, cdc qudc gia
DNA luc dia dugc ngudi Ha Lan chu y den
mudn ban. O cdc qudc gia ndy, VOC bj canh
tranh quyet liet vd gap nhieu thdch thiic de
xdc lap dugc vi the
ciia
minh.
Sir
hien dien
vd giir vai trd quan trpng trong ddi sdng kinh
te,
chfnh tri cua cdc thuang nhan chau A nhu
ngudi Nhat, ngudi Hoa, ngudi An, ngudi
Hdi ciing nhu
sir
phdt trien tu cudng, thdi dp
bang giao chu ddng cua cdc trieu dinh phong
kien dia phuang la nhiing trd
lire
chu yeu
cho nd
lire
gidnh ddc quyen thuang mai
ciia
Hd Lan. Bdi
ednh
dd khdng cho phep VOC

sdng (da
huou,
da trau) cho thi trudng Nhat
Ban lir sau hiep udc 1664; xam nhap thi
trudng Arakan \a Miln Dien, VOC da ddc
quyen
cung cap hang det Bengal; xam nhap
hai
mien
Dai Vict (chu ylu d Dang Ngodi),
VOC da ddc quyen cung cip bac, ddng vd
tien ddng Nhat Bdn (1675); ddc quyin thu
mua da huou sdng, da cd duoi d Campuchia
(1665)
Them vdo dd, tir sau
lenh
tda quoc
cua chinh quyin Mac
phii
dugc ban hdnh
(1639),
Ha Lan cung
Id
ke
tbI
chan ngudi
Nhat kiem sodt cdc tuyin budn ban giiia
Nhat vd cdc thuong cdng
ciia
khu vuc nhu

Hd Lan phdi loai bd the
lire
cua cdc ddi
thii
canh tranh bang vu
lire;
duy tri thudng xuyen
he thdng phdo ddi,
lire
lugng qudn dpi dl
phdng
thii;
gianh thdng lgi trong cdc cuoc
thuang chiln quyet liet vd ddi mat vdi
sir
pban khdng gay gat
ciia
cu dan, chfnh quyin
ban xir. Mat
khde,
chfnh sdch ddc quyin
thuang mai
ciia
Cdng ty tat yeu sinh ra
nhirng be qud tieu cue khde ma chinh nd se
phd va the ddc quyen nhu nan cudp biln,
budn lau, budn ban tu nhan va tham nhung.
Tat cd nhung he qua phdt sinh tir viec thilt
lap vd duy tri ddc quyen thuang mai nay
chinh

Id
trinh thuang mai xuyen luc
dia hodc trong khu vuc.
^de itiein
eua qud ti'inh
59
Bd Dao Nha trudc dd ciing theo dudi va
thuc te da thuc hien dugc ddc quyen thuang
mai d chau A ndi chung va ddc quyen kiem
sodt mau dich huang lieu d DNA ndi rieng.
Ngudi Bd ddc quyen thu mua vd ban huong
lieu, gia vi d thj trudng chau Au nhung
khdng true tiep kiem sodt viec sdn xudt
ngudn hdng nay, gidng nhu tinh budng ddc
quyen mdt mat md Hd Lan thuc hien d cdc
qudc gia DNA luc dja. Ngudi Bd chi loai bd
cdc ddi thu thuang mai
ciia
khu vuc de ddc
quyen thu mua huong lieu vd gia vj dpc cdc
hdi cang d Java, Sumatra, Moluccas trong
khi ngudi Hd Lan da tien xa hon, tim mpi
cdch kiem sodt sdn lugng thdng qua viec ddt
ra ban ngach sdn xuat ddi vdi ndng dan bdn
xii
cho tat cd cdc ngudn hang md VOC yeu
cau. Them vao dd, muc dfch chfnh
ciia
Bd
Ddo Nha khi xdm nhdp chau A

la "tu do kinh doanh" (laissez-faire) trong
khi ngirdi Hd Lan "khdng cd cugc edeh mgng
cdng nghiep de phd dd nhiing cdu ehdm
ngdn
eiia
mgt chu nghia tu bdn giai dogn
sdm da bdm chat vdo su dgc quyen, su gidi
hgn vd su kiem sodt chat che" Cdn ngudi
Phdp,
de xam nhap vdo viing dat ndy, thudng
lgi dung
lire
lugng gido sT. Hoat ddng cd
hieu qua cua cdc gido
sT
thira sai Phdp d khu
vuc chfnh
Id
su md dudng cho cdc boat ddng
eiia
thuc dan Phdp sau ndy.
2.
Su*
ket hop giira
thucng
mai, quan
SU"
va chinh tri trong
phuong thiic
hoat

Dai hoc Su pham
Hui,
2008, tr.54.
'
V G. Kiernan: The Lords of human
kind,
Columbia
University Press, New York,
1986,
p.88.
'°
Mary Somers Heidhues (Huynh Kim Oanh, Pham
Viem
Phuong
djch): Lich su phdt trien Dong Nam A
{Tir hinh
thdnh den hien dgi), Nxb.
Van
hoa thong tin,
Ha
Noi,
2007,
tr.
128.
60
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°09 (132).2011
tdn gido sang viing dat mdi xam nhap.

sir dung bao luc, gay chien tranh vd ky ket
cdc thuang udc, bda udc; xay dung trung
tam dieu hdnh, cdc phdo ddi, kho tdng, hdi
cdng vd lap thuong diem; td chirc quan ddi
rieng, lay ddng guilder ldm don vj tien te
rieng; thuc bien viec bd nhiem cdc vien Toan
quyen, xet xir cdc quan chuc
ciia
minh neu vi
pham den dieu le kinb doanh hoac lam tdn
hai den lgi ich
ciia
Cdng ty. Vdi quyen
lire
tdi cao dugc trao cho, "tu bdn thuang nghiep
Hd Lan da nhdy len vii ddi thuc ddn vdi mdt
sir
lodn quyen ve chinh
tri'\
VOC "da trd
thdnh mdu mue cho cdc edng ty khde cimg
logi vd
Id
mgt hien tugng dgc ddo trong lich
sir cudp bdc thugc
dia"^^
Nhu vay, VOC
kbdng cbi mdt the
lire
thuang mai md cdn la

van dc chinh trj
ciia
viing ndi dia
Java. Theo Coen,
nhtirng
lanh thd md VOC
nen thuc
sir
chiem
giu"
Id
mdt sd bdn ddo nho
nhu Ambonia vd Banda. Khu vuc cdn
lai ciia
de che se bao gdm nhirng khu djnh cu buon
bdn cd cdng
sir
viing chdc gdn bd chat che
vdi nhau va dugc bdo \e bdi mdt luc lugng
hdi quan vd djch'
Sau Jan Pieterszoon Coen, thdi ky
Antonio Van Diemen
lam
Todn quyen
(1636-1645),
hoat ddng thdm hiem cdc viing
dat de tim kiem cdc ca hdi thuang mai mdi
vd viee md rdng kiem sodt ldnh thd dugc
thiic day manh me. Ban budng dan cho
chuNcMi

bd chi vi lgi ich thuong
lugi"
Ban hudng
dan ndi den
each
thiet lap
nidi
quan be bang
giao nham muc dich thuong mai d nhung
viing cd cu dan sinh sdng hoac d viing cd cac
vj vua chiia cai tri:
'"Co
gdng khdm phd
nhirng mat hdng ndo md ddt mrdc hg sdn
xudt,
sail
dd thdm dd vc vdng vd bgc Irong
sir
kinh trgng cao do khien hg lin ludng rdng
cdc anh khdng hdm hd mdt
li
ndo ve cdc kim
logi quy, de ldm hg khdng biel
vi}
gid Iri cua
nhirng
thir
nhu the; neu hg ditng vdng vd bgc
de trao ddi nhirng mat hdng cua cdc
anh,

thay
thi
ngudi Bd Ddo Nba thiet lap mdt de
che thuong mai hiing manh. Vi vay, ndm
trong y do
ciia
Coen rdng, de che thuang mai
'^
Manning Clark: Sources of Australian history.
Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1957,
p.7-8.
'^Nt.
Ha Lan sc kbdng chi gidi ban d Indonesia,
ma cac phao dai va thuang diem sc dugc trdi
rdng ra todn phuang Ddng, VOC da
xiic
tien
xam nhap khu vuc DNA luc dja. Trudc bet,
Cdng ty thiet
lap
cdc mdi quan
he
bang giao
tdt dep vdi gidi cam quyen Ayutthaya, Dang
Trong, Dang Ngoai, Lao, Mien
Dien
dc
md dudng cbo boat ddng budn ban thuan Igi
cua Cdng ty d cdc vuong qudc nay. Sau dd,
VOC da hd trg ky thuat quan su, tau chien,

ban mdt sd mat bang, dugc
lap
thuang diem,
khu djnh cu Trong nhieu trudng hgp,
VOC da sir dung vii lue de dat dugc muc
dich thuang mai
ciia
minh nhu danh tan ham
dpi Anh d vjnh Patani, danh dam tau thuyen
budn ban vdi Dang Trong, gay chien vdi
Dang Trong. Ddng ke nhat la viec dimg
su'c
manh quan
sir
de kiem sodt cira sdng Chao
Phraya,
danh pba tdu thuyen cua Ayutthaya
budn bdn vdi cdc nudc trong khu vuc, budc
ngudi Thdi phdi ky vdi Hd Lan hiep udc bat
binh ddng ndm 1664.
62
NGHIEN
CQU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°09 (132).20n
0 khu vuc hai dao, tir
dCxii the
ky
XVII.
dua

nhiing
\i Iri chien
lupc
nlur
Banda. Ambonia,
1
crnale.
Macassar. Malacca.
Baiilam.
Palembang.
Baku ia bang
he
lhdng phao dai phdng thu
\ung chac. Ngoai ra. VOC thuc hicn chinh
sach dpc
quNLMi
mua ban cac mill bang huang
lieu,
gia \j.
thiec
lhdng qua
vice
ky nhung
hiep
udc mang linh dp dat ddi \di cac
lieu
qudc
lldi
giao (Banlam, Macassar,
Palembang, Aceh, Kedah, Mataram ). Tir

ban xir dc bdp nang nhan dan. Toan
quyen Anh
a
Java Stamford Raffles nhan xet
xac dang rang, VOC da "kel hgp Irong hogt
ddng cua minh lot ca
sir
xao quyet thuc lien
cua mdt chinh khdch vdi todn bg linh ich
k}'
cua
mdi
thuang nhdn dgc
quyen""
^
'^
Cac Mac:
Sir thung tri Anh
a
An
Do//
Mac vd
Ph.
Ang-ghen lodn
lap,
lap 9,
Nxb.
Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha
Mni
tr

Song,
mdi quan tam ma VOC hudng den
lirng viing, tirng qudc gia khac nhau
nen
mirc
dp xam nhap \a lgi ich thuang mai dat dugc
cung khde nhau.
Dau the
k>
X\'1I. ngudi Ha Lan da den
tren bd bien
Coroniandcl
dc tim kicm hang
del
sgi bdng
hu\cn
thoai
ciia An
Dp. Tren ba
bien phia ddng An Dp. hp da phat hien ra
nen
thuang mai sinh lgi ldn bang qua
\jnh
Bengal
den Arakan. Mien Dien va
/\yultba>a.
Ayullha>a vdi nhirng ngudn lgi
\c
san
pham ndng nghiep ddi ddo (nhit

giira
ihi
kyXVIl.
hdng
ndm Ayutthaya xudt sang Nhdt Bdn khoang
han 300.000 tdn da huou Ihi phdn ldn viec
xudt khdu ndy
ihiigc
vc VOC vdi sd lgi len
din
200%""^^
Tuy
NAN,
Ha Lan khdng bdng
Idng
vdi \i tri ddc
qu>en
mdt so mat hang da
cd ma mudn kiem soat hoan loan nen ngoai
thuong Clia Ayutthaya. Nhung mau thuan \c
quyen Igi kinh te vdi Ayutthaya da
chuyen
mdi quan he bang giao giua VOC vdi trieu
dinh Thdi trong nira dau the ky XVII sang
xung dot d
nii'a
sau the ky
XVII.
Xam nhap Arakan vd Mien Dien, ngodi
tim kiem ngudn luong thue (gao) cung cap

dutrir'^
Ha Lan cung nd luc xam nhap thj
trudng Dang Trong
ciia
cdc chiia
Nguyen.
Tuy vay, quan he thuang mai giua Batavia
vdi Dang Trong da sdm dd vd.
Nguyen
nhan
Clia nd, theo Klcinen, Id vice thieu mdt su
ddng y ve cdc dieu lual qudc lc lien quan den
nhirng con tau mdc can cung nhu nhung vj
Iri
khac
biet
md phia
I Id
Lan vd Dang Trong
phdi ddi dien vdi Dang Ngoai. Mat khac,
quan he thuang mai vdi Dang Ngoai dugc
thiel lap da Idm cho tam quan trpng
ciia
Dang Trong ddi vdi VOC dan thu hep lai.
Khi mdi quan he ay dugc phuc hdi trong
ndm
1651,
nd ciing khdng phai dugc ca bai
ben ddng gdp nhiet tinh. Cdng ty ket luan
rang, chang cd nhieu lgi nhuan gi tir mdi

tr.91.
Wil
O. Dijk: The Dutch East India Company in
Burma
(1634
1680),

'*
John Kleinen: Ve nhung ngudi
bgn
cu vd
nhiing
ke
thit gid mgo - Quan he cita Hd Lan voi Ddng Trong
the ky XVII // Su
tie
vd Rong, Bon the ky
cjuan
he Hd
Lan-Viet Nam, Nxb.
Thg
gioi.
Ha Noi,
2008,
tr.36.
64
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°09
(132).2011
vang chilm li trpng kbdng ldn. Mau dich la
lua giua VOC vdi Dang Ngoai trai qua nhieu

nhap to lua
len
cao
Ben canh to
lua,
mau dich gdm sir cua
VOC \di Dang Ngoai cung thirc hien khd
hieu qua trong hai thap
nien 1660
vd 1670,
thay the cbo hdng gdm sir thd
ciia
Trung
Qudc. Sdn pham gdm sir Dang Ngoai tham
nhap manh me vdo thj trudng DNA hdi dao
la cdc sdn pham gia dung dugc sdn xuat
chii
yeu tai trung tam gdm sir Bat Trdng Trong
giai doan 1663-1681, gdm sir Ddng Ngoai
duge VOC chuyen qua budn ban d thj trudng
nay len tdi gan hai trieu bdn, chiem khodng
41%
tdng sd gdm sir thd dugc chuyen chd
den
day^'
Hoat ddng xuat khau gdm sir vira
'**
Hoang Anh Tuan: Cong ly Dung An Hd Lan
a
Ddng Ngodi

dam bdo duy tri nen mau djch vdi Thdng
Long, trong giai doan suy thodi
ciia
nen mau
dich ta lua, vira nhdm thu Igi nhuan,
dii
khdng cao, tir vice budn ban gdm sir Dang
Ngoai^^
Nhin chung, diem tuang ddng trong qua
trinb xam nhap
ciia
Ha Lan ddi vdi DNA luc
dja la dil
miic
do xam nhap vd ket qua dat
dugc cd khde nhau, nhung VOC cbi don
thuan canh tranh thuong mai d day.
I
Id Lan
khdng chicni ddng mdt thuang cdng nao hay
bien mdt viing ddt nao thanh thudc dia. Ho
chi
thiet
lap quan he bang giao, tim kicm mot
sd dac
quyen
budn ban va ddt thuong diem
de khai thdc tdi da Igi ich thuang mai tir cac
san vat dja phuang. Day cung la diem khac
biet trong so sdnh vdi boat ddng

ra Dong Nam A thi ky
XVII:
Tu lieu vd nhdn
thiec',
sdd, tr.
159.
^de itieju
eua qua. Irinh
65
80 ndm dau boat ddng budn bdn d Indonesia
(1613-1693), tong sd lgi nhuan md VOC thu
duge len den 44 trieu guilders (trung binh
600.000 guilders mdi
ndm)"
Mac dil ngay tir dau VOC muon ban chl
vd trdnh dinh lfu den viec tranh chip lanh
thd, hudng den muc dich duy nhit la gidnh
ddc quyen thuong mai, nbung do tinh chat
canh tranh quyet liet
ciia
mdt dja bdn thuang
mai chien lugc da budc VOC phdi sir dung
vii
lire
de loai bd cdc ddi thu canh tranh,
ciing nhu bdo ddm cho
sir
tdn tai lau ddi
ciia
de che thuang mai. Qud trinh dd da khien

trudng chau Au ddi vdi mat hang nay, VOC
da phdi tim cdch kiem sodt
true
tiep lanh thd
Java va chuyen dan tir thu doan mua re bdn
ddt don thuan sang chfnh sdch khai thdc ndng
nghiep de cd them hang hda budn bdn. Cde
todn quyen cua VOC da chuyen sang tap
trung
chii
ylu vdo nhiing trdch nhiem cua
Cdng ty vdi tu cdch
Id
mdt the
lire
ve lanh
thd d quin ddo Indonesia. VOC da day manh
viec cai trj true tiep vd dua vdo hdng ngii quy
tdc dja phuang de dp dung triet de cdc
bien
phdp "ddng gdp thdt
thudng'
va "giao nop
bdt bugc" a nhiing viing md nd kiem
sodt^
Nhin chung, VOC chi la mdt the
lire
canh tranh thuang mai d DNA luc dja, trong
khi d khu vuc hdi ddo, nd da dan chuyen tir
canh tranh thuang mai sang xam chiem vd

thuang" la hinh thirc
c6ng
nap san
phim ma cac vung dual
sir
kilm soat trirc tigp
ciia
Cong ty phai thirc hien, con "giao nop bat buoc" la
nhung san
phim
ma nguai nong dan buoc phai trlng
va ban theo gia cl djnh cho Cong ty.
•^ TrSn
Khanh: "Vdn di xdc dinh thai diim thiit lap
chil
nghTa
thirc
ddn
phuang Tdy a Dong Nam A
",
Tap
chi Nghien
ciiu
Dong Nam A, so 5-2009,
tr.31.
66 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°09 (132).20l 1
Cd the ndi, so vdi boat ddng
ciia
nhirng

dugc trang bj vii
khf de ddm bdo ddc quyin thuang mai
ciia
Cdng ty. Qua gin hai
thi
ky boat ddng, Ha
Lan da gianh dugc ddc quyin thugng mai
hodn todn d khu vuc hdi ddo, cdn d khu vuc
luc dja, hp chi gianh dugc ddc quyin mdt sd
sdn pham cua dja phuang. Thuc tien hoat
ddng cua VOC trong gin hai
thi
ky d DNA
Cling da chiing td nd
Id
mdt cdng cu xam
nhap hieu qud
ciia
Hd Lan md phuang thiic
boat ddng Id
sir
ket hgp giira thuang mai,
quan
sir
vd chfnh trj. Mac khde,
dii sir
khdi
dau
Id
tim kiem lgi fch thuang mai nhung

phdt trien nen sdn xudt cdng nghiep.
Bi kjch
ciia
Hd Lan the hien d cho, ngay
trong thdi dai
ciia
chu nghTa tu bdn cong
nghiep, d mgt
miic
do nhit djnh, nd van
la
mdt "nudc cdng hda thuang nghiep" Vi the,
Marx da viet: "Ljch sir suy sup ciia Hd
Lan,
ve phuang dien la mgt qudc gia thuang
nghiep giir dia vi thdng tri, chinh
Id
lich
sir
cita
sir
le thugc cita tu bdn thuang nghiep
vdo tu bdn cdng
nghiep'"'^
Ci DNA, Ha Lan da din phdi
ehju
nhudng budc trudc mdt ddi
thii
qud ldn. Ho
da bi ngudi Anh loai din nhu chfnh hp da

phi
thong do Giulien
Boocsat soan), Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1973,
tr. 614.