MOT SO
THU
DOAN
TAC DONG TAM LY CUA
OjCH
NHAM CHI PHOI TINH TICH
CUC
CUA Y THUC QUAN NHAN HIEN NAY
Bui Van Ca
Hoc vien Chinh tri.
Tfnh tfch cue cua y thiic la phdm chat rdt quan trgng
ciia
nhan cdch ndi
len
su nd luc cd
lua
chgn cua
chii
the nhdm thuc day, dinh hudng, dieu khidn,
didu chinh, nang cao chat lugng, hieu qud boat ddng
phii
hgp vdi muc dfch,
nhiem vu dat ra. Cd nhidu nhan td tao nen tfnh tfch cue
ciia
y thue quan nhan,
nhung
CO
bdn vd quan trgng nhdt la he thd'ng nhu cdu, ddng co vd nidm tin. Day
cung chinh Id nhirng tidu didm tdc dgng tam ly
ciia chii
nghia dd qud'c vd cdc

va boat ddng quan su, trong he thd'ng cac quan he xa hgi, quan he quan nhan,
dudi cac tdc ddng
ciia
mdi trudng, hodn cdnh, gido due
ciia
xii hdi, quan ddi vd
don vi. Nhu cdu
ciia
quan nhan khdng phdi bdt bien md bidn ddi theo hoan cdnh
sdng. Qud trinh quan nhiin boat dgng, tham gia cdc quan he xa hgi de thod man
nhu cdu se ldm nay sinh nhu cau mdi.
Tdc ddng vdo nhu cdu cua quan nhan, ke dich dirng phuong thiie tao ra
cdc dieu kien vat chat, van hod, tinh thdn ldm ndy sinh nhirng nhu cau mdi theo
muc tidu
ciia
chiing. Hien nay, vdi cdc phuong tien thdng tin truydn thdng
eiia
TAP CHi
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
29
dich sir dung phd bien thu thuat "dinh hudng" nhan thuc bdng each trinh bay
dac didm, tfnh dgc dao
ciia
ddi tugng ma ngudi sir dung quan tam nhat, cd the

quan
nhan, tdn hai de'n lgi fch
ciia
cdng ddng, xa hdi, quan ddi, don vi.
2.
Thu doan tac dgng den dgng co cua quan nhan
Trong thuc te cugc sdng va boat ddng, quan nhan cd rat nhidu nhu cau,
nhidu ddi tugng cd thd thod man nhu cdu. Vl vay. ddng co thiic day quan nhan
boat ddng cdng rat da dang, phiic tap ca ve ndi dung vd chidu hudng, tham
chi
cdn trdi ngugc nhau lam ndy sinh su dau tranh ddng co. Thuc chat qud trinh
dau tranh ddng co Id qud trinh gidi quyet cac mau thudn dien ra trong tirng
chii
thd, gidi quydt cdc mdi quan he cd nhan vdi hodn cdnh ben ngoai. Qua trinh nay
lam
cho cac dgng co
ciia
quan nhan dugc sdp xep
lai,
cd
thii
bac, trong dd
thudng cd mgt nhdm ddng co giir vai trd chu dao.
Nhdm Idm xdo trdn vd thay ddi
thii
bac cua ddng co, theo dd
la
su thay
ddi hudng va tfnh chat
ciia

chii
nghia thuc dung, quan niem vd "Tu do", "Dan chu",
"Nhan quydn", "Chu nghia tu bdn uu viet" theo kidu phuong Tay. Su ket hgp
ddng thdi giua cdc hudng tdc dgng tren ddu nhdm muc dfch lam cho ddi tugng
tuyen truydn xdo trdn be gid tri, ddng eo
chii
dao, xdi mdn
vice
bdo vd chinh
quyen vd
kiem
sodt cde gid tri
eiia
Nha nudc. Vdi nhirng pham
vi
quan he xa
hgi.
giao
km vd cdc kenh truydn thdng ma quan nhan
tidp
xuc trong thdi ky hgi
nhap qude td,
biing
nd thdng tin hien nay
thi
can bd,
chicn sT
cdn phdi canh giac
vdi cdc thu doan dd.
Dieu

nhan dan va quan ddi, dac biet nd cdn
Id
ddng
lue
kfch thfch rat manh me ban
nang phd hoai va tu phd hoai
ciia
cdc binh si ddi phuong. Quan nhan tre d cdc
don vi
CO
sd hien nay edn
phdi
cdnh gidc vdi
sir
tham nhap
ciia
nhting sdn phdm
van hod ay.
Can thiep thd bao vdo ddng
lire
hdnh vi
ciia
ngudi linh, ke dich cdn
thdng qua cdc phuong tien thdng
tin,
truyen thdng hien dai, cdc trd cboi Game
Online, cdc trang Web
tinh
due,
cdc dang van hod phdm khdc

Idn, khd phan biet dugc
phdi
trdi, dung sai, tich
cue,
tieu cue , rdi nhidu trong
sir
dau tranh hinh thdnh ddng co.
3.
Thu doan tac dgng vao niem tin cua quan nhan
Ciing vdi nhirng tdc ddng de'n he thd'ng nhu cdu, dgng co, ke dich cdn
danh vdo nidm
tin ciia
quan nhan, thdnh phdn quan trgng nhdt
ciia
the gidi
quan, mdt co sd, ngudn gdc rat quan trgng cbi phdi tfnh tfch cue
ciia
y thiic.
Hieu rd nhiing quy
luat
hlnh thdnh, phdt tridn nidm tin, ke dich dang
tang cudng sir dung nhidu phuong tien thdng tin tuyen truydn dd thdm thdu
nhan thiic, nidm tin cua quan nhan. Hien nay, su dung phuong phdp mem hod,
trong tuyen truydn dich ne trdnh viec true
tidp
ddi ddu vdi cdc quan diem mang
tfnh chfnh tri tu tudng rd ret, it dua ra cdc thdng tin, quan diem ddi lap vdi
nhirng quan diem, nidm tin da dugc dinh hlnh trong eon ngudi, cdc nhdm
ngudi, quan nhan vd tap thd quan nhan. Cdc thdng tin
ciia

(132).
3 -
2010 31
trd trdn thdng tin nhu vay rat nguy hidm ddi vdi su hlnh thanh nidm tin
ciia
con
ngudi ndi chung vd quan nhan ndi ridng.
De thao tung y thirc, nidm tin cua quan nhan, ke djch cdn dung rat nhidu
thu doan tuyen truyen cd tfnh den sU phu hgp vdi nhiing ddi tugng khac nhau.
Phuong thiic phd bien ma phuong Tay
sir
dung dd thay ddi niem tin
la
cung cap
lap
di
lap lai
nhirng thdng tin, hlnh dnh cho con ngudi va cac nhdm xa hdi tao
thdnh nhirng dinh hlnh tu tudng. Vdi nhiing ddi tugng la can bd, chien si cd
sir
lanh
dao, chi huy, qudn ly tap trung, thd'ng nhat, chat che ca ve tu tudng va boat
ddng, cd nhu'ng hieu biet ve dau tranh tu tudng, khd thao
tiing
y thiic, nidm tin
thi tuydn truyen
ciia
dich
lai
tim mgi cdch

lac
theo kidu tu san, tidu tu
san,
dan tdc
chii
nghia, tam ly tieu diing, dao
diic
cd nhan
chii
nghia, thdi bang quan
ddi vdi xa hdi, quan ddi, don vi va ddn ddn phai nhat. mat di
sir
tin tudng.
Ndm vung cdc thu doan tdc ddng tam ly
ciia
dich nhdm chi phdi tfnh tfch
cue cua y thiic quan nhan hien nay, cdn bd
lanh
dao, chi huy, qudn
ly
bd ddi,
nhat Id can bd d cde don vi co sd can tang cudng gido
due,
xay dung he thd'ng
nhu cdu, ddng co dung ddn, ciing cd va phdt tridn niem tin cho bd ddi. coi trong
gido
due
gia tri vd dinh hudng gid tri. thudng xuyen ndm virng tu tudng bd ddi,
kip thdi phe phdn, udn ndn, didu chinh su
lech lac

tr.9-12.
4.
Hoang Dinh Chau (chu
bien).
Nguydn Dinh Gam. Ngd
Minh
'Tuan,
Chieh tranh
lam /v va chong chien tranh tdm ly. Nxb QDND. Ha Noi. 2002.
32
TAP
CHi
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132).
3 -
2010
5.
Vu Dung (chil bien).
Tif
dien Tdm ly hgc, Nxb Tir dien Bach khoa. Ha Npi, 2008.
6. Nguyen
TTii
Phuong Hoa. "Mot sd thu doan tam ly trong cuoc chien tranh thong tin
- tam ly chdng CNXH",
Nliciii
dgng cdc quan diem
.sai

3-2010
33