e
d
hda tai lieu khdng ddn gian
ehi
la
viee trang bj cac thie't bj
phin
cUng nhu may quet (scanner),
may anh ky thuat sd (camera), cae loai
thie't bj
lUu
trif
ma sd hda bao gdm
nhifng edng doan phifc tap
ciia
qua trinh
tao ra nhifng bd sUu tap tai lieu sd nham
bao quan, tao lap ngudn dtf lieu sd cho
thu vien sd hda, cd the chia se trong
mang ndi bd, hay phue vu true tuye'n.
Ngay nay viee sd hda tai lieu va xay
dung mdt website la kha de dang. Tuy
nhien ne'u la mdt du an sd hda Idn ehiing
ta
eIn
can nhac vl sd hda la viec het sUc
td'n kem va
eIn
mdt
tim nhin
chie'n lupc,

DQC
THANG
ThUvien
Qudc gia Viet Nam
tai lieu thu vien "la tien trinh chuyen ddi
tai lieu thu vien tU dang truyen thd'ng
sang dang dien tuf va
luu
tren may tfnh
nham bao quan, chia se
va
phue vu true
tuye'n".
Cac bude tien hanh so hda:
Trude khi thue hien mdt du an sd hda,
chiing ta hay quan tam de'n nhtfng van
de sau day:
+ Hay dat nhieu/hoac rat nhieu cau
hdi trUde
+ Hay xae djnh ngudn tai chinh, nhan
lue,
thie't bj, sU hieu biet ve edng nghe sd
hda
+ Thanh lap Ban quan ly du an
+ Lufa chpn bd sUu tap hoac loai tai
lieu
eIn
sd hda
+ Tien hanh Sd hda tai lieu
+ Xif

+ Thdi gian thufc hien duf an?
+ Ngan sach d dau (de tao lap va duy
tri)?
+ Ai, cap nao chju trach nhiem giai
quye't khd khan cua duf an (ne'u ed)?
+ Sd hda tai lieu nhu the nao?
+ Djnh dang san pham la gl? (anh/van '
ban)
+ Md ta tai lieu nhU the
nao/diing
ehuan bien mue gl?
+ Quy djnh cae chfnh sach truy cap tai
lieu sd? (ai/mifc dp truy cap, miin phf
hay cd thu phi ).
+ Bao quan va duy tri phue vu
nhuthe
nao?
Luu y rang, ehiing ta
eIn
phai xay
dung mdt khung thdi gian thfeh hpp cho
duf an sd hda. Quy trinh sd hda can de'n
mdt sU nd
lUc
rat Idn. Thdi gian eho quan
ly,
bao eao, quan
ly
nhan sU, thao tac va
td ehife file dtf

VI
tai lieu sau khi
sd hda se dupe dUa len Internet. TrUde
khi sd hda hay tuan
thii
luat ban quyen
tae gia
eiia
Viet Nam eung nhU luat ban
quyen qud'e te.
Budc 3: Thiet bi cho so' hda tai lieu
+ May vi tinh:
Phin
eifng va
phin
mem may tinh ludn bien ddi nhanh
chdng.
May thay, nhtfng may tfnh hien
tai ed the xuf
ly
dtf lieu rat nhanh, dam
bao rat tdt eho edng viec quet anh va
cac edng tae sd hda khae.
Cin
lufa chpn
loai may tfnh ca nhan ed eau
hinh
RAM,
dung lupng d eifng, va Chip xif
ly

mua.
Hay lufa chpn nhifng may scanner
cd be mat cang rdng cang td't. Lua chpn
loai may ed dp phan giai quang hpe tdi
thieu 600 dpi.
.,Chu V
ve Mav anh so: Phan Idn nhtfng
may anh ky thuat sd hien nay deu dap
Tap
chf THU VIEN VIET
NA
3(19)
25
Sd
hoa
tai lieu Han - Ndm tai Thu
vien
Qudc gia Viet Nam
ifng td't eae tieu ehuan ve sd hda, nhUng
ban eung
cin
thiet lufa chpn nhtfng hang
cd uy tfn, va nhifng may anh sd phd
bie'n.
+ Phan mem: Ngoai cac
phin
mem
xif
ly anh
sd di kem vdi cae thie't bj

trif
offline la
lUu
trtf tren CD-ROM (ehu y:
khdng nen
luu
trtf dif lieu tren CD-RW -
dTa quang cd the ghi - xda dupe). Nhifng
dTa quang td't nhat hien nay cd gia
khoang 15 nghin ddng. Luu trif nhtfng
anh gdc va anh phai sinh tren CD-ROM
va sao luu them 1 ban eho mue dfeh bao
quan.
Bao quan nhtfng
dia
dtf lieu nay
trong hop (chd'ng chay-nd, nudc, am ),
ghi nhan
phii
hpp vdi ky hieu nhan dang
(Sd ky
hieu,
sd
luu
chieu ) cho mdi npi
dung eua nd.
Anh:
Manh Quang
- Khi
luu

Mdt giai phap td'n kem hdn, nhung
thich hdp hdn eho
luu
trif lau dai eac file
ehii
(file gd'c) la sir dung d dTa eifng va
sao luu sang dang bang tU.
Bude 4. Quet anh
Quy trinh quet anh dugc thufc hien
theo nhifng cong doan dudi day:
- Tao mdt anh sd
ehii
(anh gdc),
lUu
dudi dang file
.TIFF:
diing de luu
trif,
bao
quan.
LUu file gdc tren dTa CD-ROM
hoac eae dang
luu
trtf khae.
26
- Tao file
phai
sinh (copy) tU file gd'c
dd:
dimg de xuf

Mau sac
ciia
anh: Khi ban thie't lap cai
dat may tfnh va may scanner, ban phai
chac
chin
rang man hinh va may scan-
ner dupe dieu chinh eau
hinh
nhu nha
san xuat ehi
din,
nhu vay mau
sic
cae
anh se nhat quan (ed the dimg cae bien
phap de kiem tra mau sac bang
phin
mem hay bang mat thudng ed suf dung
cac mlu do mau).
May quet anh, va may anh ky thuat sd
thudng tuf ddng dpc va can chinh mau
trong qua trinh thu nhan anh. Chung ta
nen kie'm tra dl
ehle chin ring
mau sac
anh gd'c tren tai lieu va anh sd khi hien
thj tren man
hinh
la tUdng dUdng nhau.

chieu de dat ten eho thU mue quan
ly
va
ten file anh sd.
Vf du: Mdt quyen luan an ed sd ky
hieu la
LA-1555
thi eae file anh sd se
dupc luu trong thu muc cd ten la LA-
1555
va eae file anh se
dUde
danh ten la:
LA-1555-001.tif, LA-1555'-0022.tif, LA-
1555-003.tif LA-1555-00n.tif.
De thd'ng nhat each dat ten eho eac
bd sUu tap, tdt nhat hay diing cae chif
cai thudng edng vdi 3 sd dang sau (ne'u
ta thay rang sd lupng trang ed the vUdt
qua 999 trang anh, hay sif dung 4 chif
sd):
Vfdu:
LA-1555-0001.tif.
Chu y: Cac
phin
mem di kem
scanner hien nay deu hd trp de ngUdi
diing cd the dat ten mdt each de dang,
va sd thif tu la mdt series lien tie'p tU 1
de'n n. Hay dat lai sd ky hieu tU

mem Photoshop, Microsoft Office
Picture Manager).
Anh phai sinh:
Mdt vai djnh dang file phd bie'n diing
eho anh phai sinh dupe sao chep tU anh
ehii
(anh gdc).
+ GIF: Day la djnh dang ehi suf dung
de tao anh thu nhd minh hpa 1 bit den -
trIng.
+ JPEG: Dugc sif dung rdng rai de
phd bie'n anh cd dp phan giai cao tren
Internet.
+ PDF: Mdt san pham
eiia
hang
Adobe, djnh dang nen nay ddi hdi ngudi
diing phai cai
phin
mem Acrobat
Reader tren may tfnh ea nhan (thudng
thi
nd khdng ed
sin
tren may tfnh ca
nhan hay cae
phin
mem duyet web).
Day la
phin

Qud'e gia dang dimg
2 djnh dang anh phai sinh
ehii
ye'u la
JPG va
bjvu.
Bude 5: Nhan dang quang hgc (Ma
hda van ban)
OCR la gl?
Van ban, sach hoac nhtfng tai lieu in
an khac cd the chuyen sang dang van
ban,
nd la mdt
phin
eua quy trinh sd
hda.
Dd la edng nghe OCR (Optical
Character Recognition - nhan dang ky tuf
quang hpe).
Sau khi nhan dang van ban ed the tao
thanh eae trang web va dUa len mang
hoac cd the ma hda d dang SGML hoac
XML,
va cd the tim kie'm tren ed sd dtf
lieu.
Trong thufc te viee chuyen dang tai
lieu bang OCR va ma hda van ban la rat
td'n kem ve thdi gian va tien bae.
Tiiy
thudc vao nhu cau hoac mifc dp yeu cau

thudng dupc gan vao
phin diu
eho mdi
tai lieu dien tif dat tren website va rat
thich hpp eho eae may tim kie'm (search
engine) de
tim
kie'm, Ipc ra eae thdng tin
metadata de td chifc thanh eac kho dif
lieu ma khdng
cin
diing de'n he quan trj
28
ed sd dtr lieu truyen thdng. Ndi each
khae,
ngay ban than ngon ngif XML tu
nd da hd trp cho viec hinh thanh mdt cd
sd dir lieu toan van ban, phi cau true rat
tien Ipi eho viec tim kiem va trao ddi
thdng tin.
Dublin Core Metadata la gl?
Dublin Core Metadada la chuan dimg
md ta ndi dung
ciia
bieu ghi va dif
lieu.
Nd ddn gian hon MARC Format rat
nhieu vl
chi
cd 15

lieu.
4.
Md ta (Description): mo ta van tat
ndi dung tai
lieu.
5. Nha xuat ban (Publisher): ten gpi,
ndi phat hanh tai
lieu.
6. Tac gia phu (Contributor): ten cua
nhifng tac gia edng tac.
7. Ngay thang (Date): ngay thang
phat hanh tai
lieu.
8. Loai (kieu) tai lieu (Type): Kieu tai
lieu.
9. Md ta vat
ly
(Khd mlu)(Format):
Thdng tin ve dang vat
ly.
10.
Djnh danh (Identifier): Thdng tin
djnh danh eua tai
lieu.
11.
Ngudn gdc (Source): Thdng tin ve
xuat
xir
eua tai
lieu.

cd the so sanh. Ghi nhat ky vdi nhtfng
thong tin sau: ten file anh, ngay tao, cae
thdng sd ve dung
lUdng,
mau sac, kfeh
cd,
va ea bieu ghi (ne'u da dUa vao
CSDL, va kiem tra dudng dan ke't ndi
de'n file ).
Xay dufng quy trinh kiem soat chat
lupng trong quy trinh sd hda la vd ciing
can thie't, hdn ntfa viec truyen dat lai ky
ludng cho nhung ngUdi thufc hien edng
viec sd hda la vo eiing quan trpng, tranh
nhifng ldi da xay ra va dam bao cho san
pham cudi ciing dat chat lupng tdt nhat.
Bude 8: Dua dU lieu so hda len mang
de phue vu
Cach ddn gian nhat la ban tao cae
trang web dudi dang HTML va dUa dtf
lieu da dUpc sd hda len internet. Cdn
neu cd kha nang, ban cd the tao mdt
CSDL, vdi ehuan XML hoac SGML.
Cach ddn gian hdn la ban diing mdt
phan mem quan
ly
dif lieu sd. Mdt sd
phin
mem quan
ly

Budc 9. Cach thdc phuc vu va ehinh
sach truy cap
- Dieu nay phu thudc hoan toan vao
chi'nh sach
ciia
tUng ddn vj, hay xae djnh
eae tai lieu dd dUdc phuc vu miin phi
hay cd thu phf, neu tai lieu ed thu phf,
hay xae djnh
each
thife thanh
toan,
each
thife chuyen giao tai lieu sd, va lam cae
thii
tue ve tai chfnh theo quy djnh
ciia
chfnh
phii,
ddng thdi xay dufng eac chfnh
sach de quan
ly
tai chi'nh. Thufc
suf
day la
cdng viee het sife khd khan, phifc tap vl
trong
thUe
te hoat ddng thU vien khdng
phai la hoat ddng kinh doanh ma chi la

www.dpreview.com
13.
www.lizardtech.com
14.
www.lizardteeh.eom
15.
www.adobe.com
Xay dung thu vien sd dang la muc tieu
hudng tdi cua cac
thuvlen
Idn d Viet Nam.
Hien nay rat nhieu
thUvien
dang trien khai
tao lap dtf lieu sd. TU nhifng kinh nghiem
thuc te, tac gia bai viet da chia se vdi cac
dong nghiep quan tam ve sd hda tai lieu
va quy trinh to
chUc
sd hoa cac dang tai
lieu gom nhifng cong doan
phUc
tap de
tao ra nhtfng bp sUu tap tai lieu sd nham
bao quan, tao lap nguon
dU
lieu sd cho
thUvien
sd
hda,

ting up digital collections. Based on prac-
tical experiences, the author shares some
knowledge on digitalisation of library
materials, its complicated process and
precedures in creating digital collections
to preserve collections and share within
the organisation or post on the Internet.
With clarified explanation, the author also
introduces steps in digitising materials
such as: selecting materials, collection
cri-
teria,
requirements, equipment needed,
creating metadata, quality assurance,
pushing data on the internet, serving
mode,
and access policies.
30