QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU
THUV
DI€N
VOI CUOC
KHttNG CHICN
CHONG AAV
CLTU
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or.ii!
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u>u
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Ndi den nhirng nhan td lam nen thang
Igi
ciia cude
khang chien chdng My
eu'u
nudc,
ngoai sy lanh dao
sang

img
hd, giup do
ciia
Chinh
phii
va nhan
dan
Thuy
Dien da gdp phan dua cude khang chien
chdng My
eiia
nhan
dan
Viet Nam di den
thang lgi eudi cimg.
The
ehan
Phap nhay
vao xam luge
Viet
Nam, ngay tir dau cude chien, de qude My da
su-
dung nhiing ehien luge chien tranh tan
bao nhat trong lich sir loai ngudi hdng dim
cude dau tranh
eiia
nhan
dan
ta trong be mau.
Tuy nhien, lua

the ki XX, dudi nhieu
hinh thirc khac nhau, nhan
dan
Viet Nam
dugc nhan
dan
the gidi img hd manh me.
Tai Thuy Dien, nam
1965^,
hang trieu
ngudi tbudc mpi dang phai, tang Idp xa bdi
khae nhau da cd nhiing hanh ddng phan ddi
cude chien tranh xam luge Viet Nam
eiia
de
qudc My, dae biet
la
viec md rdng chien
tranh danh pha mien Bae XHCN
ciia
chinh
quyen Oasinhton. Tir day cho den ket thiie
cude chien, phong trao chdng ehien tranh
Viet Nam,
doan
ket img hd Viet Nam vdi ten
gpi phong trdo Viet Nam tii'ng budc dugc
hinh thanh, phat trien tir ty phat den cd td
' Thuy
Diin

nghia ma de qudc My
ga}-
ra ddi
\-di dan
tdc
Met
Nam. Chinh phu Thuy Dien cdn
ba}
td
sir
quan ngai
\e
kha nang md rpng ehien
tranh se lam anh hudng tdi cpng ddng qudc
te.
do va}, nhimg nha lanh dao Thuy Dien
keu gpi giai qu}et chien tranh \'iet Nam
thdng qua dam phan. Ngay 14.2.1966. Bd
trirong Ngoai giao Thuy Dien phat bieu:
"Mdi nguy hiem ngdy cdng rd rdng
Id
hien
nay chien tranh
liet
Nam cd the ma rpng
thdnh mpt cupe xung
dpi
qude te nghiem
trong hon nhieu. Dgc biet
Id

rid het qudn dpi ve nudc cua nhdn ddn ddy
len khdp nudc My " da ldi cudn ddng dao
nhan dan the
sidi
hudna img. 0
Thu\-
Dien.
phong trao phan ddi cude chien tranh cua My
tai \'iet Nam da
tac
ddng sau sac tdi moi
boat ddng chinh tri - xa hdi cua nude na}.
Ung hd quyen ty
qu}-et
cua nhan
dan \'iet
Nam.
ngay
18 2/1968. Bd truang Ngoai giao
Thuy Dien khang dinh: " nhdn ddn Viet
Nam phai cd ca hdi quyet dinh cdng viec npi
bp cita minh. Chung ta cimg tdn thdnh muc
tieu dd. Dieu dd
chi
cd the dgt duge neu moi
luc lugng qudn su nudc ngodi ehdm diet can
thiep. Cdn phdi tiip tuc nd
liec
de ehdm
diet

phii
Thuy Dien ddi vdi \
an
de
chien tranh
\'iet
Nam. ma cdn
la
hien thirc
boa dudng ldi ddi ngoai
ciia
Thuy Dien.
dugc Chu tich
U}'
ban Ddi ngoai Qudc hdi
Thuy Didn khing dinh
ngay
19 11/1968
la:
"Trong nhicng ndm qua. chinh sdch ddi
ngogi
ciia
Thuy Diin ngdy cdng coi trong
nguyen tde dodn kit vdi cdc ddn tpc vd coi
do la mpt trong nhicng dudng ldi chi dgo.
Van kien ve Thuy Dien ndm
1966.
tr. 10.
Le
Mail

Perception:
A
Case Study of Swedish
Recognit i
Political Science. /Stockholm. 1985).
^Iiiiij ^fjieu od'i eiide Uhdiiii
fhie'ii
63
Chinh sdch dodn ket vdi cdc ddn tpc duoc du
ludn Thuy Dien nhdl tri ung hp
"\
Chinh kien cua Chinh
phii
Thuy Didn
giai doan na}' da tac ddng sau sic tdi cdng
ddng qudc te, dac biet la cac qudc gia Tay
Au, giiip hp nhan thay
cude
chien tranh
chdng My ma nhan dan Viet Nam dang tien
hanh la cude chien dau tieu bieu cho chinh
nghTa chdng phi
ngliTa,
van minh chdng bao
tan. "Ung hp Viet Nam
Id iing
hp nhicng
ngudi chien ddu bao ve nhicng gid tri nhdn
vdn cua lodi ngicdi. hdo ve nhicng
tie

Dien da gdp phan lam that bai chien luge
"chien tranh cue bp "
eiia
de qudc My d Viet
Nam.
Ddi vdi chinh
quyen
My. mac
dii
that
bai trong chien
luge
chien tranh
cue
hd.
nhung muc tieu trudc mat va lau dai ddi
\a\
each mang Viet Nam cua Nha irang thi
kbdng he thay ddi. Dau nam 1969,
nga}
khi
thang
eii-,
Tdng thdng Nichxo-n da cho ra ddi
hpc thuyet mang ten minh - Hoc
ihiiyel
Nichxan va tiep tuc day manh cude chien
tranh xam luge Ddng Duong. Vdi hpc thuyet
nay, Nichxan
mim

va
giiip dd ngay cang eao cua
cac nudc XHCN, cac chinh phu va nhan dan
yen chudng boa binh tren the gidi. Nghi
quyet Bd Chinh tri Ban Chap hanh Trung
uong
Dang
thang
4.1969
mdt lan nira khang
dinh: "Tien cdng ngogi giao
Id mpi
mat Iran
lien cdng quan trong vd cd y nghia chien
luge
lite ndy. Nd cd nhiem vu phdt huy
ihi;
thdng vd the chu dpng cua ta, lien cdng mot
''
Van kien vi Thuy Dien ndm
1968.
tr.264.
"
Ban Chi dao tong ket chien tranh
true
thuoc Bo
Chinh tri; Tong kit cuoc khdng chien chong My
cini
nuoc- Thdng loi vd bdi hoc. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,
HaNoi.

1965
den
1970,
Chinh phu Viet
Nam Dan chu cdng hoa da dat hoac nang
quan he ngoai giao len vdi
18
qudc gia. Den
nam
1970.
sd doan dai bieu Mat tran Dan tdc
Giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam va Chinh
phii
Cach mang Lam thdi Cdng boa mien
Nam Viet Nam dugc mdi tham
cac
nude tren
the gidi len tdi gan 120 lugt; da cd 10 Uy
ban Qudc te doan ket vdi Viet Nam, hon
100
Uy ban Qudc te doan ket vdi Viet Nam d
tirng nudc, ban 20 Uy ban Dieu tra va Td
cao tdi ac cua de qudc My tai Viet Nam dugc
thanh lap. Ciing tir day, "Viet Nam dd trd
ihdnh
hien
ihdn
cua mpt su nghiep qudc te
mdi vd nd tugng tneng cho mpt phong trdo
the gidi rpng lan vd nhieu mat vdi mpt li

Ha Noi, 1985,
ti 288.
phii
Thuy Dien lap Dai
sii-
quan d
Ha
Ndi.
va
den thang 7 ciing nam, Viet Nam lap Dai sir
quan d Stockholm. Day la dau mdc dac biet
quan trpng trong quan he Viet Nam
-
Thuy
Dien, khang dinh tinh doan ket khdng gi
la}
ehuyen dugc
ciia
Chinh phu \'a nhan dan hai
nude trong nhirng nam khang chien gian
khd. Khdng nhirng vay. trong thdi diem
cude
dam
phan tren ban Hdi nghi Pari dang dien
ra vd ciing gay go, phire tap, Thuy Dien da
len tieng manh me img hd Viet Nam. Thang
2/1972,
Dang
Xa hdi Dan
chii

chirc mdt
cude
hdi thao
Idn
vdi 500 ngudi
tham dy tai Stockholm nhan mdt nam ki ket
Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam.
Cude
hdi thao
thdng
qua
Nghi quyet len an chinh
quydn Sai
'-
Ngay 27/1/1973, khdng cdn con dudng nao khac,
dl qudc My budc phai ki Hiep dinh Pari ve
chSm diit
chiln tranh, lap lai hoa binh d Viet Nam.
Jitiiij ^fjieu
odi eupe
hhdnif
ehien
bS
Gdn vi pham Hiep dinh Pari; ddi phai tra ty
do
nga}
cho 20 \ an
tii
chinh tri dang bi
giam

J lei
Nam viea
duct ra. Nhicng de nghi do lao ra
mpi
ea sa
vimg chdc de thi hdnh cdc
dii'ii
khoan cita
Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet
Nam". Thii
tudng
Olof Palme bay lo Idng kham phuc cua
Chinh
phii
va nhan dan Thuy Dien ddi vdi
nhan dan Viet Nam. "mpt ddn Ipc. bdng long
dimg
cam vd su kien cudng cua minh, dd ddn
dcil
ca
mpi ihe
gidi lien len tren eon diedng
cua luong Idm chinh tri".
Cam
ta tam long
cua Chinh
phii va nhan
dan Thuy Dien danh
cho nhan
dan

de
Ilicp
dinh
Pari vd xdy dieng lgi
ddi
nudc cluing Idi.
Chimg tdi ddnh gid cao gid Iri vd loan hd y
nghia cua
sic
ung hp quy hdu
net)
Du ludn
Viet Nam hoan nghenh vdi long biet on
inch
quyet dinh cua Thuy
Diisn
nhdm
giuj)
dd \
'iei
Nam hdn gdn lui vet thuong chien Iranh vd
gdp phdn phdt trien nen kinh li cua minh "
"\
Sau chuyen tham nay, phong trao dau
tranh ddi chinh qu}-en My nghiem chmh thi
hanh Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam tiep tuc la
cbii
de ndng bdng trong mpi boat ddng cua
xa hdi Thuy Dien. Ngay
14/12/1974,

biet Thuy Dien se td chirc
nipt cude
bieu tinh
quan chiing rdng
Idn
vao ngay 27/1/1975.
nhan ki niem hai nam nga}' ki Hiep dinh Pari
Bao Nhdn ddn cac ngay
10.
11.
12
thang 4
nam
1974.

66
NGHIEN
COU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03
(126/011
de ung hd nhan dan Viet Nam. v.v Tinh
cam ma Chinh phu
\a
nhan dan Thuy Dien
danh cho nhan dan Viet Nam la su cd
\ii.
ddng \ien to
Idn
giiip nhan dan Viet Nam
tien len hoan thanh sy nghiep giai phdng

bau lam dai bieu Qudc hdi Thuy Dien cua
Dang Xa
hdi
Dan chu.
Ke tir khi tro thanh Nghi sT Qudc hdi.
Olof Palme dac biet quan tam den
cude
chien
tranh Viet Nam. Thdng qua cac phuang tien
khac nhau. dng thudng
xu}
en theo ddi \'a cd
nhirng hanh ddng ung hd tich eye. Nam
1965,
khi de qudc My tien hanh chien
luge
"chien tranh
cite
hp " d mien Nam
\-a
md
rdng cude chien tranh danh pha mien Bac
'•"
Olof
PaliTie
tirng lanh dao Dang Dan chu Xa hdi
Thuy Dien tir nam
1969
tdi ngay bi am sat 28/2/1986.
Tirng hai

ngay 30/7/1965. Olof Palme ndi: "Tdi khdng
hiit lieu ngudi ndng ddn Irong cdc xdm long
cua Viet Nam. ddt nudc md gdn day Idi ludn
de cap, cd gidc ma ndo ve lucrng lai hay
khdng? Ngudi la cd cam gidc ve su
liiyei
vong. cam chiu. mdng lung vd
thdi
vong
trong cupe ddu tranh gianh quyen luc chinh
tri dang dnh hieong den
cupe
sdng hdng
ngd)'
cua ho. Neu thuc
sic
hg cd mgt gidc
mcr
cho
ticang lai, cd le do se
Id
mpt gidc ma hel siec
don gian: hod binh. khdng ddi khd vd ton
trong nhdn phctm "
^. , \
Vdi tam
chan
tinh do, cho
dii
dang nam

ngay
30/7/1965.
I dn kien ve Thuy
ijiC^,-,
nam
1965.
tr.49.
'Jhiiij nt)ieu
odi eupe
khaiit^
ehien
67
Palme ciing nhu Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien
vao
th§
ddi diu vdi nha cim quyen My. Dai
sii-
My liic
dd da gap
Thii
tudng va Bd trirdng
Ngoai giao Thuy Dien de phan ddi. Ba
Lisbeth Palme - vg
ciia
Cd
Thii
tudng Olof
Palme ke lai: "Kissinger dd ndi rdng. chdng

Thii
tudng Olof
Palme trien khai manh me hon.
Ngay
10/1/1969, thy-c hien
chii
truang
ciia
Chinh
phii
Thuy Dien, Ngoai trudng Torsten
Nilsson giri dien cho Bp trirdng Ngoai giao
Nguyin Duy Trinh thdng
bao
viec Chinh
phu Thuy Dien chinh thirc cdng nhan
va
de
nghi
thidt
lap quan he ngoai giao, md dai
sii
quan tai
thii
dd bai nudc. Do chenh lech mui
gid 6
tidng,
ngay 11/1/1969, Bd trudng
http;//www.sarec.gov.
vn/index.php?aption=com__cont

luge B52 vao
Ha
Ndi, Hai Phdng trong
12
ngay
dem eudi nam 1972, gay ra mdt trong
nhimg tham
canh
dau ldng nhat trong lich su
loai ngudi. Trudc hanh ddng bao
tan
dd,
ngay 23/12/1972,
Thii
tudng Olof Palme len
an va
so sanh cude nem bom nhu tdi
ac ciia
Hitle
trong Dai ehien the gidi thir Hai. Sau
ban
tuyen bd
ciia
Olof Palme, quan he giira
My
va
Thuy Dien trd nen cang thang hon,
khien My trieu hdi dai sir ve nudc trong
14
thang

Olof Palme da thyc hien dugc vai trd lanh
dao
ciia
minh trong van de Viet Nam. Lap
trudng va quan diem
ciia
dng da tac ddng
tich eye, thiic day phong
trao
chdng chien
tranh Viet Nam tai phuang Tay va tdi cac
quan diem
ciia
cac dang xa hdi dan chit tren
the gidi.
Nhu vay, sy
iing
hd, giup dd
ciia
Chinh
phii
va nhan dan Thuy Dien da de lai nhieu
trang dam net trong lich sir cude khang chien
chdng My,
cii'u
nude
ciia
dan tdc Viet Nam.
Chinh tinh chat chinh nghTa
eiia

lich sir dan tdc. "Dang la dd ra
sice
tdng cudng dodn ket qudc le. phdt huy tdi da
siec mgnh eua thdi dgi, vd coi dd
Id
mpt hp
phdn hgp thdnh cua dudng ldi chdng My.
cieu nude vd dgt hogt dpng ddi ngogi ddu
tranh ngogi giao thdnh
mpi
mat Iran cd ldm
quan trong ehien
luge,
gdp phdn tgo nen
sir
vicgt Irpi
ve the vd
lice
de nhdn ddn la ddnh
thdng ke
thil" .
Theo ddng chay
eiia
thdi gian, hien nay
tren the gidi da
va
dang dien ra nhii'ng bien
ddng chinh tri to
Idn,
khd ludng,

hgp vdi tinh hinh the gidi
hien nay, de thyc hien thang lgi ehinh
sach
ddi ngoai rdng md "Viet Nam mudn
Id
hgn
vdi tdt ed cdc medc trong cpng ddng the
gidi", nham phye vy tich
circ
cho cdng
cude
xay dyng
va bao
ve Td qudc theo dudng Idi
ddi mdi cua Dang ta. i
i'ti'i-'
, •'!! irl:yn
;;.• • ••
,
.ij;j;!
u-,i\
:iii • .•• ur-up
"
Ban Chi dao tdng
kit
chien tranh
true
IIUK
c
Bd